异常高压形成机理及对储集层物性的影响——以东濮凹陷文东油田沙三中油藏为例
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摘要
为研究油气藏储层异常高压的形成机理及对储集层物性的影响,以渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷文东油田沙河街组沙三中油藏为研究对象.通过镜质体反射率、显微镜下薄片、扫描电镜、X-衍射及实测压力等资料的分析表明:研究区储层异常高压形成的主要控制因素有生烃作用、膏盐岩封闭作用及断层的封闭性,油藏压力系数与储层物性参数具有较好的对应关系.异常高压对深部储集层物性的改善主要表现为:(1)减缓压实作用,有效保护原生孔隙;(2)促进溶解作用,形成大量的次生孔隙;(3)抑制黏土矿物的转化和后期成岩作用的持续进行;(4)致使储层岩石发生破裂,形成微裂缝.研究异常高压的形成机理及对深部低渗砂岩储集层物性的影响,对于深层油气勘探、开发具有重要意义.
In order to investigate the formation mechanism of abnormal high pressure in reservoirs and its effects on reservoir properties,we take the middle interval of the third member of Shahejie Formation in the Wendong Oilfield,Dongpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin as the research object. It is shown by date from experiments such as vitrinite reflectance,microscopic thin-sections identification,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and measured pressure that the main controlling factors of the formation of overpressure in the study area are hydrocarbon generation,closure effect of gypsum-salt rock and fault sealing ability. Besides,the relationship between reservoir pressure coefficient and reservoir physical parameters is significant. The improvements of physical properties in deep reservoirs resulted from abnormal high pressure mainly shows by:(1) compaction would be slow down and primary pores effectively would be preserved;(2) The dissolution would be promoted and a large number of secondary pores would be formed;(3) Clay minerals from conversion would be inhibited and subsequent diagenesis would be continued;(4) The reservoir rocks would be broken and microcracks would be formed. The study on the formation mechanism of abnormal high pressure and its effect on the physical properties of deep sandstone reservoirs lay a solid foundation for oil and gas exploration and development.
In order to investigate the formation mechanism of abnormal high pressure in reservoirs and its effects on reservoir properties,we take the middle interval of the third member of Shahejie Formation in the Wendong Oilfield,Dongpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin as the research object. It is shown by date from experiments such as vitrinite reflectance,microscopic thin-sections identification,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and measured pressure that the main controlling factors of the formation of overpressure in the study area are hydrocarbon generation,closure effect of gypsum-salt rock and fault sealing ability. Besides,the relationship between reservoir pressure coefficient and reservoir physical parameters is significant. The improvements of physical properties in deep reservoirs resulted from abnormal high pressure mainly shows by:(1) compaction would be slow down and primary pores effectively would be preserved;(2) The dissolution would be promoted and a large number of secondary pores would be formed;(3) Clay minerals from conversion would be inhibited and subsequent diagenesis would be continued;(4) The reservoir rocks would be broken and microcracks would be formed. The study on the formation mechanism of abnormal high pressure and its effect on the physical properties of deep sandstone reservoirs lay a solid foundation for oil and gas exploration and development.
引文
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Du X,Zheng H Y,Jiao X Q.1995.Abnormal pressure and hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2(4):137-148.
Gao H C,Zheng R C,Xiao Y K,et al.2015.Origin of the salt rock of paleogene Shahejie Formation in Dongpu sag,Bohai Bay Basin:Evidences from sedimentology and geochemistry[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),36(1):19-32,doi:10.7623/syxb201501003.
Heffer K J,Last N C,Koutsabeloulis N C,et al.1995.The influence of natural fractures,faults and earth stresses on reservoir performancegeomechanical analysis by numerical modelling[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,32(8):380A.
Hu H Y.2013.Mechanism of overpressure formation in deeply burial sandstone[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,295-298:2736-2739,doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.295-298.2736.
Jin Z K,Su K,Su N N.2011.Origin of Jurassic deep burial highquality reservoirs in the central Junggar basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),32(1):25-31.
Li L,Zuo Y H,Tang S H,et al.2016.Cenozoic thermal history of the Dongpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Geology and Exploration(in Chinese),52(3):594-600.
Li S J,Yuan Y S,Sun W,et al.2016.Formation and destruction mechanism as well as major controlling factors of the Silurian shale gas overpressure in the Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Geoscience,1(4):287-294,doi:10.1016/j.jnggs.2016.09.002.
Liang Z Z,Wang J H,Yuan B,et al.2017.Overpressure feature and its implications on hydrocarbon accumulation of tight gas reservoirs in Qianliyuan depression[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(2):684-688,doi:10.6038/pg20170231.
Liu B H.2016.Petroleum Exploration and Development Technology Dictionary(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,570.
Liu H,Cao Y C,Jiang Z X,et al.2009.Distribution characteristics of evaporates and formation pressure of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Sag,the Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology(in Chinese),30(3):287-293,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-9985.2009.03.006.
Liu S B,Song Y,Zhao M J.2005.Influence of overpressure on coalbed methane reservoir in south Qinshui basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,50(S1):124-129,doi:10.1007/BF03184094.
Liu Y F,Zheng L J,Qiu N S,et al.2015.The effect of temperature on the overpressure distribution and formation in the Central PaleoUplift of the Sichuan Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(7):2380-2390,doi:10.6038/cjg20150715.
Peng J,Feng Z D,Guo D B,et al.2016.Revisiting salt-forming models in the third member of Shahejie Formation in Dongpu Depression[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(in Chinese),40(3):9-15,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2016.03.002.
Shi Q H,Xia B,Wan Z F,et al.2014.Characteristics of deep abnormal high pressure and its controlling on hydrocarbon accumulation in Zhanhua Sag[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,628:376-382,doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.628.376.
Singha D K,Chatterjee R.2014.Detection of overpressure zones and a statistical model for pore pressure estimation from well logs in the Krishna-Godavari Basin,India[J].Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,15(4):1009-1020,doi:10.1002/2013GC005162.
Tingay M R P,Hillis R R,Swarbrick R E,et al.2007.‘Vertically transferred’overpressures in Brunei:Evidence for a new mechanism for the formation of high-magnitude overpressure[J].Geology,35(11):1023-1026,doi:10.1130/G23906A.1.
Tingay M R P,Morley C K,Laird A,et al.2013.Evidence for overpressure generation by kerogen-to-gas maturation in the northern Malay Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,97(4):639-672.
Wang R F,LüX H,Guo D B,et al.2013.Quantitative model on stress sensitivity of sandstone reservoirs with abnormal high pressure and low permeability:Taking the middle section of the third member of Shahejie Formation in the Wen 13 Dong oil field,Dongpu sag as a case in point[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology(in Chinese),42(2):243-250.
Wang R F,Shen P P,Zhao L J.2011.Diagenesis of deep sandstone reservoirs and a quantitative model of porosity evolution:Taking the third member of Shahejie Formation in the Wendong Oilfield,Dongpu Sag,as an example[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),38(5):552-559.
Wu X H,Wang Q B,Liu X J,et al.2016.Genetic mechanism analysis of deep low-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs in the Bohai Sea area:An example from the Bozhong 1&2 block[J].Geology and Exploration(in Chinese),52(4):768-773,doi:10.13712/j.cnki.dzykt.2016.04.019.
Ye Z,Fan H H,Cai J,et al.2012.Investigation and application of a discrimination method for abnormal high formation pressure forming mechanism[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(in Chinese),36(3):102-107,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2012.03.017.
Yu J W,Ren W,Wang W X,et al.2015.Formation mechanism of toutunhe abnormal pressure of middle jurassic in Fudong Slope Area,Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),36(5):521-525,doi:10.7657/XJPG20150504.
Zhang F L,Dong X C,Bao Y.2016.Distribution and origin evidence of salt rock in Shehejie formation at Dongpu depression[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science)(in Chinese),35(12):1411-1417,doi:10.11956/j.issn.1008-0562.2016.12.006.
杜栩,郑洪印,焦秀琼.1995.异常压力与油气分布[J].地学前缘,2(4):137-148.
高红灿,郑荣才,肖应凯,等.2015.渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组盐岩成因---来自沉积学和地球化学的证据[J].石油学报,36(1):19-32,doi:10.7623/syxb201501003.
金振奎,苏奎,苏妮娜.2011.准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系深部优质储层成因[J].石油学报,32(1):25-31.
李雷,左银辉,唐书恒,等.2016.东濮凹陷新生代热史研究[J].地质与勘探,52(3):594-600.
梁正中,王镜惠,袁波,等.2017.前梨园地区深层致密气超压特征及成藏效应[J].地球物理学进展,32(2):684-688,doi:10.6038/pg20170231.
刘宝和.2016.石油勘探开发科技辞典[M].北京:石油工业出版社,570.
刘晖,操应长,姜在兴,等.2009.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷沙河街组四段膏盐层及地层压力分布特征[J].石油与天然气地质,30(3):287-293,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-9985.2009.03.006.
刘一锋,郑伦举,邱楠生,等.2015.川中古隆起超压分布与形成的地温场因素[J].地球物理学报,58(7):2380-2390,doi:10.6038/cjg20150715.
彭君,冯阵东,国殿斌,等.2016.再论东濮凹陷沙三段成盐模式[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),40(3):9-15,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2016.03.002.
王瑞飞,吕新华,国殿斌,等.2013.异常高压低渗透砂岩储层应力敏感性定量模型---以东濮凹陷文13东沙三中油藏为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,42(2):243-250.
王瑞飞,沈平平,赵良金.2011.深层储集层成岩作用及孔隙度演化定量模型---以东濮凹陷文东油田沙三段储集层为例[J].石油勘探与开发,38(5):552-559.
吴小红,王清斌,刘晓健,等.2016.渤海海域深层低孔渗油气藏成因机制分析---以渤中1&2区块为例[J].地质与勘探,52(4):768-773,doi:10.13712/j.cnki.dzykt.2016.04.019.
于景维,任伟,王武学,等.2015.阜东斜坡中侏罗统头屯河组异常高压形成机理[J].新疆石油地质,36(5):521-525,doi:10.7657/XJPG20150504.
张方亮,董芯岑,鲍园.2016.东濮凹陷沙河街组盐岩分布规律及成因分析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),35(12):1411-1417,doi:10.11956/j.issn.1008-0562.2016.12.006.
Du X,Zheng H Y,Jiao X Q.1995.Abnormal pressure and hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2(4):137-148.
Gao H C,Zheng R C,Xiao Y K,et al.2015.Origin of the salt rock of paleogene Shahejie Formation in Dongpu sag,Bohai Bay Basin:Evidences from sedimentology and geochemistry[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),36(1):19-32,doi:10.7623/syxb201501003.
Heffer K J,Last N C,Koutsabeloulis N C,et al.1995.The influence of natural fractures,faults and earth stresses on reservoir performancegeomechanical analysis by numerical modelling[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,32(8):380A.
Hu H Y.2013.Mechanism of overpressure formation in deeply burial sandstone[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,295-298:2736-2739,doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.295-298.2736.
Jin Z K,Su K,Su N N.2011.Origin of Jurassic deep burial highquality reservoirs in the central Junggar basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),32(1):25-31.
Li L,Zuo Y H,Tang S H,et al.2016.Cenozoic thermal history of the Dongpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Geology and Exploration(in Chinese),52(3):594-600.
Li S J,Yuan Y S,Sun W,et al.2016.Formation and destruction mechanism as well as major controlling factors of the Silurian shale gas overpressure in the Sichuan Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Geoscience,1(4):287-294,doi:10.1016/j.jnggs.2016.09.002.
Liang Z Z,Wang J H,Yuan B,et al.2017.Overpressure feature and its implications on hydrocarbon accumulation of tight gas reservoirs in Qianliyuan depression[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),32(2):684-688,doi:10.6038/pg20170231.
Liu B H.2016.Petroleum Exploration and Development Technology Dictionary(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,570.
Liu H,Cao Y C,Jiang Z X,et al.2009.Distribution characteristics of evaporates and formation pressure of the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Sag,the Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology(in Chinese),30(3):287-293,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-9985.2009.03.006.
Liu S B,Song Y,Zhao M J.2005.Influence of overpressure on coalbed methane reservoir in south Qinshui basin[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,50(S1):124-129,doi:10.1007/BF03184094.
Liu Y F,Zheng L J,Qiu N S,et al.2015.The effect of temperature on the overpressure distribution and formation in the Central PaleoUplift of the Sichuan Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(7):2380-2390,doi:10.6038/cjg20150715.
Peng J,Feng Z D,Guo D B,et al.2016.Revisiting salt-forming models in the third member of Shahejie Formation in Dongpu Depression[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(in Chinese),40(3):9-15,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2016.03.002.
Shi Q H,Xia B,Wan Z F,et al.2014.Characteristics of deep abnormal high pressure and its controlling on hydrocarbon accumulation in Zhanhua Sag[J].Applied Mechanics and Materials,628:376-382,doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.628.376.
Singha D K,Chatterjee R.2014.Detection of overpressure zones and a statistical model for pore pressure estimation from well logs in the Krishna-Godavari Basin,India[J].Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,15(4):1009-1020,doi:10.1002/2013GC005162.
Tingay M R P,Hillis R R,Swarbrick R E,et al.2007.‘Vertically transferred’overpressures in Brunei:Evidence for a new mechanism for the formation of high-magnitude overpressure[J].Geology,35(11):1023-1026,doi:10.1130/G23906A.1.
Tingay M R P,Morley C K,Laird A,et al.2013.Evidence for overpressure generation by kerogen-to-gas maturation in the northern Malay Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,97(4):639-672.
Wang R F,LüX H,Guo D B,et al.2013.Quantitative model on stress sensitivity of sandstone reservoirs with abnormal high pressure and low permeability:Taking the middle section of the third member of Shahejie Formation in the Wen 13 Dong oil field,Dongpu sag as a case in point[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology(in Chinese),42(2):243-250.
Wang R F,Shen P P,Zhao L J.2011.Diagenesis of deep sandstone reservoirs and a quantitative model of porosity evolution:Taking the third member of Shahejie Formation in the Wendong Oilfield,Dongpu Sag,as an example[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development(in Chinese),38(5):552-559.
Wu X H,Wang Q B,Liu X J,et al.2016.Genetic mechanism analysis of deep low-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs in the Bohai Sea area:An example from the Bozhong 1&2 block[J].Geology and Exploration(in Chinese),52(4):768-773,doi:10.13712/j.cnki.dzykt.2016.04.019.
Ye Z,Fan H H,Cai J,et al.2012.Investigation and application of a discrimination method for abnormal high formation pressure forming mechanism[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(in Chinese),36(3):102-107,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2012.03.017.
Yu J W,Ren W,Wang W X,et al.2015.Formation mechanism of toutunhe abnormal pressure of middle jurassic in Fudong Slope Area,Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),36(5):521-525,doi:10.7657/XJPG20150504.
Zhang F L,Dong X C,Bao Y.2016.Distribution and origin evidence of salt rock in Shehejie formation at Dongpu depression[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science)(in Chinese),35(12):1411-1417,doi:10.11956/j.issn.1008-0562.2016.12.006.
杜栩,郑洪印,焦秀琼.1995.异常压力与油气分布[J].地学前缘,2(4):137-148.
高红灿,郑荣才,肖应凯,等.2015.渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷古近系沙河街组盐岩成因---来自沉积学和地球化学的证据[J].石油学报,36(1):19-32,doi:10.7623/syxb201501003.
金振奎,苏奎,苏妮娜.2011.准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系深部优质储层成因[J].石油学报,32(1):25-31.
李雷,左银辉,唐书恒,等.2016.东濮凹陷新生代热史研究[J].地质与勘探,52(3):594-600.
梁正中,王镜惠,袁波,等.2017.前梨园地区深层致密气超压特征及成藏效应[J].地球物理学进展,32(2):684-688,doi:10.6038/pg20170231.
刘宝和.2016.石油勘探开发科技辞典[M].北京:石油工业出版社,570.
刘晖,操应长,姜在兴,等.2009.渤海湾盆地东营凹陷沙河街组四段膏盐层及地层压力分布特征[J].石油与天然气地质,30(3):287-293,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-9985.2009.03.006.
刘一锋,郑伦举,邱楠生,等.2015.川中古隆起超压分布与形成的地温场因素[J].地球物理学报,58(7):2380-2390,doi:10.6038/cjg20150715.
彭君,冯阵东,国殿斌,等.2016.再论东濮凹陷沙三段成盐模式[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),40(3):9-15,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2016.03.002.
王瑞飞,吕新华,国殿斌,等.2013.异常高压低渗透砂岩储层应力敏感性定量模型---以东濮凹陷文13东沙三中油藏为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,42(2):243-250.
王瑞飞,沈平平,赵良金.2011.深层储集层成岩作用及孔隙度演化定量模型---以东濮凹陷文东油田沙三段储集层为例[J].石油勘探与开发,38(5):552-559.
吴小红,王清斌,刘晓健,等.2016.渤海海域深层低孔渗油气藏成因机制分析---以渤中1&2区块为例[J].地质与勘探,52(4):768-773,doi:10.13712/j.cnki.dzykt.2016.04.019.
于景维,任伟,王武学,等.2015.阜东斜坡中侏罗统头屯河组异常高压形成机理[J].新疆石油地质,36(5):521-525,doi:10.7657/XJPG20150504.
张方亮,董芯岑,鲍园.2016.东濮凹陷沙河街组盐岩分布规律及成因分析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),35(12):1411-1417,doi:10.11956/j.issn.1008-0562.2016.12.006.