四川盆地磨溪地区寒武系龙王庙组缝洞型储集层分级评价及预测
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摘要
利用四川盆地磨溪地区岩心、薄片、测井、地震、试井等资料,优选储集层分级评价参数,建立该区碳酸盐岩储集层多指标联合分级评价标准,明确优质储集层发育主控因素,结合FMI成像测井缝洞识别技术和储集层地震波形分类技术,有效预测了各级储集层空间展布。压汞实验明确研究区发育4类储集空间,利用优选的中值孔喉半径、缝洞发育带的有效孔隙度和有效渗透率、裂缝-溶蚀孔洞发育组合关系4个评价参数建立储集层分级评价标准,将研究区储集层分为Ⅰ级缝洞型优质储集层、Ⅱ级缝孔型中等储集层、Ⅲ级晶间孔型差储集层;结合构造位置、沉积相、后生成岩作用3个优质储集层发育主控因素,利用各级储集层地球物理响应特征和渗流特征,预测了各井区、各层段、各级别储集层展布。经钻井证实本次研究建立的分级评价标准和预测方法正确有效。
By using core, thin section, well logging, seismic, well testing and other data, the reservoir grading evaluation parameters were selected, the classification criterion considering multiple factors for carbonate reservoirs in this area were established, and the main factors affecting the development of high quality reservoir were determined. By employing Formation MicroScanner Image(FMI) logging fracture-cavity recognition technology and reservoir seismic waveform classification technology, the spatial distribution of reservoirs of all grades were predicted. On the basis of identifying four types of reservoir space developed in the study area by mercury injection experiment, a classification criterion was established using four reservoir grading evaluation parameters,median throat radius, effective porosity and effective permeability of fracture-cavity development zone, relationship between fracture and dissolution pore development and assemblage, and the reservoirs in the study area were classified into grade I high quality reservoir of fracture and cavity type, grade II average reservoir of fracture and porosity type, grade III poor reservoir of intergranular pore type. Based on the three main factors controlling the development of high quality reservoir, structural location, sedimentary facies and epigenesis, the distribution of the 3 grades reservoirs in each well area and formation were predicted using geophysical response and percolation characteristics. Follow-up drilling has confirmed that the classification evaluation standard and prediction methods established are effective.
By using core, thin section, well logging, seismic, well testing and other data, the reservoir grading evaluation parameters were selected, the classification criterion considering multiple factors for carbonate reservoirs in this area were established, and the main factors affecting the development of high quality reservoir were determined. By employing Formation MicroScanner Image(FMI) logging fracture-cavity recognition technology and reservoir seismic waveform classification technology, the spatial distribution of reservoirs of all grades were predicted. On the basis of identifying four types of reservoir space developed in the study area by mercury injection experiment, a classification criterion was established using four reservoir grading evaluation parameters,median throat radius, effective porosity and effective permeability of fracture-cavity development zone, relationship between fracture and dissolution pore development and assemblage, and the reservoirs in the study area were classified into grade I high quality reservoir of fracture and cavity type, grade II average reservoir of fracture and porosity type, grade III poor reservoir of intergranular pore type. Based on the three main factors controlling the development of high quality reservoir, structural location, sedimentary facies and epigenesis, the distribution of the 3 grades reservoirs in each well area and formation were predicted using geophysical response and percolation characteristics. Follow-up drilling has confirmed that the classification evaluation standard and prediction methods established are effective.
引文
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[12]杨雪飞,王兴志,杨跃明,等.川中地区下寒武统龙王庙组白云岩储层成岩作用[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(1):35-41.YANG Xuefei,WANG Xingzhi,YANG Yueming,et al.Diagenesis of the dolomite reservoir in lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in Central Sichuan Basin[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2015,34(1):35-41.
[13]金民东,谭秀成,李凌,等.四川盆地磨溪-高石梯地区下寒武统龙王庙组颗粒滩特征及分布规律[J].古地理学报,2015,17(3):347-357.JIN Mindong,TAN Xiucheng,LI Ling,et al.Characteristics and distribution of grain bank of the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in Moxi-Gaoshiti area,Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2015,17(3):347-357.
[14]周进高,房超,季汉成,等.四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组颗粒滩发育规律[J].天然气工业,2014,34(8):1-10.ZHOU Jingao,FANG Chao,JI Hancheng,et al.A development rule of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao grain beaches in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(8):1-10.
[15]周进高,徐春春,姚根顺,等.四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组储集层形成与演化[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(2):158-166.ZHOU Jingao,XU Chunchun,YAO Genshun,et al.Genesis and evolution of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(2):158-166.
[16]高树生,胡志明,安为国,等.四川盆地龙王庙组气藏白云岩储层孔洞缝分布特征[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):103-109.GAO Shusheng,HU Zhiming,AN Weiguo,et al.Distribution characteristics of dolomite reservoir pores and caves of Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):103-109.
[17]赖强,谢冰,吴煜宇,等.沥青质碳酸盐岩储集层岩石物理特征及测井评价:以四川盆地安岳气田寒武系龙王庙组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(6):1-7.LAI Qiang,XIE Bing,WU Yuyu,et al.Petrophysical characteristics and logging evaluation of asphaltene carbonate reservoirs:A case study of the giant gas reservoir of the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in Anyue gas field,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(6):1-7.
[18]高少武,赵波,贺振华,等.地震子波提取方法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):1384-1391.GAO Shaowu,ZHAO Bo,HE Zhenhua,et al.Research progress of seismic wavelet extraction[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(4):1384-1391.
[19]张晓斌,刘晓兵,赵晓红,等.地震资料提高分辨率处理技术在乐山-龙女寺古隆起龙王庙组勘探中的应用[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):1-6.ZHANG Xiaobin,LIU Xiaobing,ZHAO Xiaohong,et al.Application of resolution improvement in seismic data processing technology to the Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoir exploration in LeshanLongnüsi Paleouplift,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):1-6.
[20]张光荣,廖奇,喻颐,等.四川盆地高磨地区龙王庙组气藏高效开发有利区地震预测[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):66-75.ZHANG Guangrong,LIAO Qi,YU Yi,et al.Seismic prediction on the favorable efficient development areas of the Longwang-miao Fm gas reservoir in the Gaoshiti-Moxi area,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(1):66-75.
[21]杜金虎,邹才能,徐春春,等.川中古隆起龙王庙组特大型气田战略发现与理论技术创新[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):268-277.DU Jinhu,ZOU Caineng,XU Chunchun,et al.Theoretical and technical innovations in strategic discovery of a giant gas field in Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation of central Sichuan paleo-uplift,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):268-277.
[2]张仲宏,杨正明,刘先贵,等.低渗透油藏储层分级评价方法及应用[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):437-441.ZHANG Zhonghong,YANG Zhengming,LIU Xiangui,et al.Agrading evaluation method for low-permeability reservoirs and its application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):437-441.
[3]文晓涛,贺振华,黄德济,等.综合多元信息进行碳酸盐岩储层分级[J].测井技术,2005,29(3):223-226.WEN Xiaotao,HE Zhenhua,HUANG Deji.Using multi-information to evaluate carbonate reservoir[J].Well Logging Technology,2005,29(3):223-226.
[4]柴毓,王贵文.致密砂岩储层岩石物理相分类与优质储层预测:以川中安岳地区须二段储层为例[J].岩性油气藏,2016,28(3):74-85.CHAI Yu,WANG Guiwen.Petrophysical facies classification of tight sandstone reservoir and high-quality reservoir prediction:A case study from the second member of Xujiahe Formation in Anyue area,central Sichuan Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2016,28(3):74-85.
[5]孙晓霞.准噶尔盆地永进油田特低孔隙度超低渗透率储层分类评价[J].测井技术,2012,36(5):479-484.SUN Xiaoxia.On classification and evaluation of extra-low porosity and permeability reservoir in Yongjin Oilfield,Zhungaria Basin[J].Well Logging Technology,2012,36(5):479-484.
[6]SHARAWYA M S E,GAAFARB G R.Reservoir zonation based on statistical analyses:A case study of the Nubian sandstone,Gulf of Suez,Egypt[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2016,124:199-210.
[7]RAEESI M,MORADZADEH A,ARDEJANI F D,et al.Classification and identification of hydrocarbon reservoir lithofacies and their heterogeneity using seismic attributes,logs data and artificial neural networks[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2012,82/83:151-165.
[8]薛海涛,石涵,卢双舫,等.碳酸盐岩气源岩有机质丰度分级评价标准研究[J].天然气工业,2006,26(7):25-48.XUE Haitao,SHI Han,LU Shuangfang,et al.A study of classification evaluation criteria of TOC of carbonate gas source rocks[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(7):25-48.
[9]罗平,裘怿楠,贾爱林,等.中国油气储层地质研究面临的挑战和发展方向[J].沉积学报,2003,21(1):142-147.LUO Ping,QIU Yi’nan,JIA Ailin,et al.The present challenges of Chinese petroleum reservoir geology and research direction[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2003,21(1):142-147.
[10]李熙喆,郭振华,万玉金,等.安岳气田龙王庙组气藏地质特征与开发技术政策[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(3):1-9.LI Xizhe,GUO Zhenhua,WAN Yujin,et al.Geological features of and development strategies for Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation gas reservoir in Anyue gas field,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(3):1-9.
[11]国家经济贸易委员会.碳酸盐岩气藏开发地质特征描述:SY/T6110-2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2002.The State Economic and Trade Commission.The description of exploitation geologic characteristics for carbonate gas reservoir:SY/T6110-2002[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2002.
[12]杨雪飞,王兴志,杨跃明,等.川中地区下寒武统龙王庙组白云岩储层成岩作用[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(1):35-41.YANG Xuefei,WANG Xingzhi,YANG Yueming,et al.Diagenesis of the dolomite reservoir in lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in Central Sichuan Basin[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2015,34(1):35-41.
[13]金民东,谭秀成,李凌,等.四川盆地磨溪-高石梯地区下寒武统龙王庙组颗粒滩特征及分布规律[J].古地理学报,2015,17(3):347-357.JIN Mindong,TAN Xiucheng,LI Ling,et al.Characteristics and distribution of grain bank of the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in Moxi-Gaoshiti area,Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2015,17(3):347-357.
[14]周进高,房超,季汉成,等.四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组颗粒滩发育规律[J].天然气工业,2014,34(8):1-10.ZHOU Jingao,FANG Chao,JI Hancheng,et al.A development rule of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao grain beaches in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(8):1-10.
[15]周进高,徐春春,姚根顺,等.四川盆地下寒武统龙王庙组储集层形成与演化[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(2):158-166.ZHOU Jingao,XU Chunchun,YAO Genshun,et al.Genesis and evolution of Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation reservoirs,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(2):158-166.
[16]高树生,胡志明,安为国,等.四川盆地龙王庙组气藏白云岩储层孔洞缝分布特征[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):103-109.GAO Shusheng,HU Zhiming,AN Weiguo,et al.Distribution characteristics of dolomite reservoir pores and caves of Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):103-109.
[17]赖强,谢冰,吴煜宇,等.沥青质碳酸盐岩储集层岩石物理特征及测井评价:以四川盆地安岳气田寒武系龙王庙组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(6):1-7.LAI Qiang,XIE Bing,WU Yuyu,et al.Petrophysical characteristics and logging evaluation of asphaltene carbonate reservoirs:A case study of the giant gas reservoir of the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in Anyue gas field,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(6):1-7.
[18]高少武,赵波,贺振华,等.地震子波提取方法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2009,24(4):1384-1391.GAO Shaowu,ZHAO Bo,HE Zhenhua,et al.Research progress of seismic wavelet extraction[J].Progress in Geophysics,2009,24(4):1384-1391.
[19]张晓斌,刘晓兵,赵晓红,等.地震资料提高分辨率处理技术在乐山-龙女寺古隆起龙王庙组勘探中的应用[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):1-6.ZHANG Xiaobin,LIU Xiaobing,ZHAO Xiaohong,et al.Application of resolution improvement in seismic data processing technology to the Longwangmiao Fm gas reservoir exploration in LeshanLongnüsi Paleouplift,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):1-6.
[20]张光荣,廖奇,喻颐,等.四川盆地高磨地区龙王庙组气藏高效开发有利区地震预测[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):66-75.ZHANG Guangrong,LIAO Qi,YU Yi,et al.Seismic prediction on the favorable efficient development areas of the Longwang-miao Fm gas reservoir in the Gaoshiti-Moxi area,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(1):66-75.
[21]杜金虎,邹才能,徐春春,等.川中古隆起龙王庙组特大型气田战略发现与理论技术创新[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):268-277.DU Jinhu,ZOU Caineng,XU Chunchun,et al.Theoretical and technical innovations in strategic discovery of a giant gas field in Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation of central Sichuan paleo-uplift,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):268-277.