琼东南海域OBS纵波资料成像处理关键技术
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摘要
OBS采集具有站点少、站点间距大,同时包含纵、横波信息的特点,因此,对OBS进行成像处理相对常规海洋地震资料处理而言具有更多的挑战。本文主要针对OBS纵波资料处理中几个关键处理技术:(1)利用直达波进行重定位处理获得准确的OBS位置,为OBS资料正确成像打下坚实基础;(2)利用水、陆检数据标定获得频率、振幅、相位一致的水检、陆检数据,并进行水、陆检合并处理;(3)通过波场分离有效地分离出上行波场和下行波场数据,利用具有更宽照明范围的OBS下行波场数据进行镜像偏移处理等。最终可获得海底及海底以下成像分辨率高、构造成像清晰、偏移归位准确的OBS纵波剖面数据。该成像数据频带宽,具有丰富的低、中、高频信息,能为后续的水合物无井岩性处理提供具有丰富频率信息的地震叠加资料。
The OBS data acquisition has the advantages of less receiver and longer distance between receivers and thus may receive both the press wave and shear wave at the same time.As far as imaging processing is concerned,OBS faces more challenges comparing to the conventional seismic data processing.This article focuses on the OBS p-wave data processing as follows.1.Direct wave is used for OBS reposition to ensure the correctness of location and to lay a solid foundation for correct OBS imaging;2.P component and z component are used for demarcating to make the two component data consistent on frequency,amplitude and phase for merging processing;3.through the analysis of wave field to effectively separate upgoing and downgoing wave field data and use the wider range of imaging's downgoing data to do the mirror migration.Finally we can obtain OBS p-wave profiles with clear sea bottom imaging,high resolution imaging below the sea bottom,and more accurate images in migration position.The final section has wide frequency band,rich frequency information,and can provide a lithological interpretation of a hydrate layer without well with rich frequency information of stacked seismic data.
The OBS data acquisition has the advantages of less receiver and longer distance between receivers and thus may receive both the press wave and shear wave at the same time.As far as imaging processing is concerned,OBS faces more challenges comparing to the conventional seismic data processing.This article focuses on the OBS p-wave data processing as follows.1.Direct wave is used for OBS reposition to ensure the correctness of location and to lay a solid foundation for correct OBS imaging;2.P component and z component are used for demarcating to make the two component data consistent on frequency,amplitude and phase for merging processing;3.through the analysis of wave field to effectively separate upgoing and downgoing wave field data and use the wider range of imaging's downgoing data to do the mirror migration.Finally we can obtain OBS p-wave profiles with clear sea bottom imaging,high resolution imaging below the sea bottom,and more accurate images in migration position.The final section has wide frequency band,rich frequency information,and can provide a lithological interpretation of a hydrate layer without well with rich frequency information of stacked seismic data.
引文
[1]张莉,赵明辉,王建,等.南海中央次海盆OBS位置校正及三维地震勘探新进展[J].地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2013,38(1):33-42.[ZHANG Li,ZHAO Minghui,WANG Jian,et al.Correction of OBS position and recent advances of 3Dseismic exploration in the central sub-basin of south china sea[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2013,38(1):33-42.]
[2]刘丽华,吕川川,郝天珧,等.海底地震仪数据处理方法及其在海洋油气资源探测中的发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(6):2673-2683.LIU Lihua,LChuanchuan,HAO tianyao,et al.Data processing methods of OBS and its development tendency in detection of offshore oil and gas resources[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(6):2673-2683.]
[3]丘学林,赵明辉,敖威,等.南海西南次海盆与南沙地块的OBS探测和地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3117-3128.[QIU Xuelin,ZHAO Minghui,AO Wei,et al.OBS survey and crustal structure of the Southwest Sub-basin and Nansha Block,South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(12):3117-3128.]
[4]王彦林,阎贫.深地震探测的分辨率分析—以南海北部OBS数据为例[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(9):2282-2290.[WANG Yanlin,YAN Pin.Lateral resolution analysis of deep crustal sounding:A case study on the data from ocean bottom seismometers in the northern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophusics,2009,52(9):2282-2290.]
[5]张佳政,赵明辉,丘学林,等.西南印度洋洋中脊热液A区海底地震仪数据处理初步成果[J].热带海洋学报,2012,31(3):79-89.[ZHANG Jiazheng,ZHAO Minghui,QIU Xuelin,et al.OBS seismic data processing and preliminary results on the hydrothermal field of the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2012,31(3):79-89.]
[6]李祖辉,郑彦鹏,支鹏遥,等.渤海东南部深地震探测与地壳结构研究新进展—OBS2013剖面数据处理分析[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(3):1402-1409.[LI Zhuhui,ZHENG Yanpeng,ZHI Pengyao,et al.The new progress of deep seismic survey and crustal structure in southeast of Bohai sea-based on the data processing and analysis of OBS2013line[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(3):1402-1409.]
[7] Tan K Wang,Tingren Chen,JiaMing Deng et al.Velocity structure imaged from long-offset reflection data and four-component OBS data at Jiulong Methane Reff in the northen South China Sea[J].Marin and Petroleum Geology,2015,68:206-218.
[8] Wang Xiangchun,Han Youwei,Liu Changchun,et al.Research on improving conventional marine seismic streamer data imaging quality using OBS data from Northern South China Sea[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2015,116:10-16.
[9]张光学,徐华宁,刘学伟,等.三维地震与OBS联合勘探揭示的神狐海域含水合物地层声波速度特征[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(4):1169-1176.[ZHANG Guanxue,XU Huaning,LIU Xuewei,et al.The acoustic velocity characteristics of sediment with gas hydrate revealed by integrated exploration of 3D seismic and OBS data in Shenhu area[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(4):1169-1176.]
[10]敖威,赵明辉,丘学林,等.西南印度洋中脊三维地震探测中炮点与海底地震仪的位置校正[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2982-2991.[AO Wei,ZHAO Minghui,QIU Xuelin,et al.The correction of shot and OBS position in the 3Dseismic experiment of the SW Indian Ocean Ridge[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(12):2892-2991.]
[11]杨正华,常军.海底电缆地震中二次定位法的探讨[J].石油物探,2002,41(3):331-333.[YANG Zhenghua,CHANG Jun.Discussion on secondary positioning in OBC survey[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2002,41(3):331-333.]
[12] Barr F J.Dual-sensor OBC technology[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(1):45-51.
[13]郑红波,阎贫,金丹.莺歌海盆地OBC多分量地震虚反射和鸣震压制及其效果分析[J].中国海上油气,2013,25(3):23-27.[ZHENG Hongbo,YAN Pin,JIN Dan.A method to suppress ghost reflection and reverberation in OBC multicomponent seismic data and its effect analysis in Yinggehai basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2013,25(3):23-27.]
[14]高少武,赵波,高轩,等.OBC水陆检数据匹配技术[J].石油地球勘探,2015,50(1):29-32.[GAO Shaowu,ZHAO Bo,GAO Xuan,et al.A method for OBC dual-sensor data matching[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(1):29-32.]
[15]薛维忠,王淑荣,杨晓艳,等.基于Echos处理系统的OBC双检资料处理技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48:23-26.[XUE weizhong,WANG Shurong,YANG Xiaoyan,et al.OBC dual-sensor data processing on the Echos processing system[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48:23-26.]
[16]贺兆全,张保庆,刘原英,等.双检理论研究及合成处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):522-528.[HE Zhaoquan,ZHANG Baoqing,LIU Yuanying,et al.Response characteristics of dual-sensor and their applications in OBC data processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(4):522-528.]
[17] Sergio Grion,Russell Exley,Michel Manin,et al.Mirror of imaging of OBS data[J].Technical Article,2007(25):37-42.
[18] Soubaras R.Deghosting by joint deconvolution of a migration and mirror migration[C].80th SEG Annual International Meeting,Expanded Abstracts,2010,29:3406-3410.
[2]刘丽华,吕川川,郝天珧,等.海底地震仪数据处理方法及其在海洋油气资源探测中的发展趋势[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(6):2673-2683.LIU Lihua,LChuanchuan,HAO tianyao,et al.Data processing methods of OBS and its development tendency in detection of offshore oil and gas resources[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(6):2673-2683.]
[3]丘学林,赵明辉,敖威,等.南海西南次海盆与南沙地块的OBS探测和地壳结构[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(12):3117-3128.[QIU Xuelin,ZHAO Minghui,AO Wei,et al.OBS survey and crustal structure of the Southwest Sub-basin and Nansha Block,South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2011,54(12):3117-3128.]
[4]王彦林,阎贫.深地震探测的分辨率分析—以南海北部OBS数据为例[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(9):2282-2290.[WANG Yanlin,YAN Pin.Lateral resolution analysis of deep crustal sounding:A case study on the data from ocean bottom seismometers in the northern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophusics,2009,52(9):2282-2290.]
[5]张佳政,赵明辉,丘学林,等.西南印度洋洋中脊热液A区海底地震仪数据处理初步成果[J].热带海洋学报,2012,31(3):79-89.[ZHANG Jiazheng,ZHAO Minghui,QIU Xuelin,et al.OBS seismic data processing and preliminary results on the hydrothermal field of the Southwest Indian Ridge[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2012,31(3):79-89.]
[6]李祖辉,郑彦鹏,支鹏遥,等.渤海东南部深地震探测与地壳结构研究新进展—OBS2013剖面数据处理分析[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(3):1402-1409.[LI Zhuhui,ZHENG Yanpeng,ZHI Pengyao,et al.The new progress of deep seismic survey and crustal structure in southeast of Bohai sea-based on the data processing and analysis of OBS2013line[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(3):1402-1409.]
[7] Tan K Wang,Tingren Chen,JiaMing Deng et al.Velocity structure imaged from long-offset reflection data and four-component OBS data at Jiulong Methane Reff in the northen South China Sea[J].Marin and Petroleum Geology,2015,68:206-218.
[8] Wang Xiangchun,Han Youwei,Liu Changchun,et al.Research on improving conventional marine seismic streamer data imaging quality using OBS data from Northern South China Sea[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2015,116:10-16.
[9]张光学,徐华宁,刘学伟,等.三维地震与OBS联合勘探揭示的神狐海域含水合物地层声波速度特征[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(4):1169-1176.[ZHANG Guanxue,XU Huaning,LIU Xuewei,et al.The acoustic velocity characteristics of sediment with gas hydrate revealed by integrated exploration of 3D seismic and OBS data in Shenhu area[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(4):1169-1176.]
[10]敖威,赵明辉,丘学林,等.西南印度洋中脊三维地震探测中炮点与海底地震仪的位置校正[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2982-2991.[AO Wei,ZHAO Minghui,QIU Xuelin,et al.The correction of shot and OBS position in the 3Dseismic experiment of the SW Indian Ocean Ridge[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(12):2892-2991.]
[11]杨正华,常军.海底电缆地震中二次定位法的探讨[J].石油物探,2002,41(3):331-333.[YANG Zhenghua,CHANG Jun.Discussion on secondary positioning in OBC survey[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2002,41(3):331-333.]
[12] Barr F J.Dual-sensor OBC technology[J].The Leading Edge,1997,16(1):45-51.
[13]郑红波,阎贫,金丹.莺歌海盆地OBC多分量地震虚反射和鸣震压制及其效果分析[J].中国海上油气,2013,25(3):23-27.[ZHENG Hongbo,YAN Pin,JIN Dan.A method to suppress ghost reflection and reverberation in OBC multicomponent seismic data and its effect analysis in Yinggehai basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2013,25(3):23-27.]
[14]高少武,赵波,高轩,等.OBC水陆检数据匹配技术[J].石油地球勘探,2015,50(1):29-32.[GAO Shaowu,ZHAO Bo,GAO Xuan,et al.A method for OBC dual-sensor data matching[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(1):29-32.]
[15]薛维忠,王淑荣,杨晓艳,等.基于Echos处理系统的OBC双检资料处理技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48:23-26.[XUE weizhong,WANG Shurong,YANG Xiaoyan,et al.OBC dual-sensor data processing on the Echos processing system[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48:23-26.]
[16]贺兆全,张保庆,刘原英,等.双检理论研究及合成处理[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):522-528.[HE Zhaoquan,ZHANG Baoqing,LIU Yuanying,et al.Response characteristics of dual-sensor and their applications in OBC data processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(4):522-528.]
[17] Sergio Grion,Russell Exley,Michel Manin,et al.Mirror of imaging of OBS data[J].Technical Article,2007(25):37-42.
[18] Soubaras R.Deghosting by joint deconvolution of a migration and mirror migration[C].80th SEG Annual International Meeting,Expanded Abstracts,2010,29:3406-3410.