秦巴山区植被覆盖变化及气候因子驱动分析
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摘要
基于GIMMS_(3g)(1982—2015年)、SOPT VEG(1998—2015年)和MODIS(2000—2017年)3种NDVI数据集,结合气温、降水和DEM数据,利用平均法、线性趋势分析法和相关分析法等方法,分析了秦巴山区植被覆盖的时空变化特征及其与气候因子的相关性,并以秦岭山地(陕西境内)为重点区域,分析了植被覆盖的海拔梯度差异及其与气候因子的垂直响应模式。结果表明:①1982—2017年秦巴山区3种植被NDVI均呈显著增加趋势,其中1982—2015年NDVI-GIMMS_(3g)增速为1.4%/10a,1982—2000年NDVI-GIMMS_(3g)较低且波幅较大,增速为1.6%/10a,年际间变异系数(CV)为0.04,2000—2015年NDVI-GIMMS_(3g)较高且稳定增加,增速为1.7%/10a,CV为0.02;2000—2015年NDVI-SPOT VEG增速为4.1%/10a,CV为0.04;2000—2017年NDVI-MODIS年增速为4.5%/10a,CV为0.04;②2000—2017年(MODIS数据)秦巴山区植被覆盖高值区主要为秦岭、米仓山和神农架等山地,低值区主要为西部高海拔区和东部低海拔区等区域;秦岭山地随海拔升高植被NDVI先升高后降低;③2000—2017年(MODIS数据)秦巴山区植被覆盖增加和减少的区域分别占96.90%和3.10%,低海拔地区较高海拔地区变化剧烈;秦岭山地低海拔带植被覆盖较高海拔带增加显著;④2000—2015年(SOPT VEG数据)秦巴山区增温效应显著,增速为0.49℃/10a,植被覆盖与温度以正相关为主,与降水正负相关并存,与温度的相关性较降水的相关性高;秦岭山地高海拔带植被对温度变化更敏感,低海拔带对降水更敏感。
Vegetation and its characteristics are largely controlled by regional landforms and climate. The Qingling-Daba Mountains are located in a transitional zone between the subtropical and the warm temperate climate in China, where a complex relationship between vegetation and climate exits. To explore this relationship, we used GIMMS_(3 g)(1982—2015), SPOT VEGTATION(SPOT VEG)(1998—2015), and MODIS(2000—2017), the DEM, and climate data(temperature and precipitation) to quantify the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation in the Shaanxi Province of the mountains. We found that:(1) NDVI of the GIMMS_(3 g) database increased significantly at a rate of 1.4%/10 a from 1982 through 2015. For 1982—2000, NDVI of GIMMS_(3 g) was low but highly variable(linear tendency 1.6%/10 a, CV = 0.4) by year, whereas a stable increasing trend appeared after 2000(linear tendency 1.7%/10 a, CV = 0.2). For 2000—2015, the increasing rate was 4.1%/10 a(CV = 0.04) for NDVI of the SPOT VEG database. For 2000—2015, the increasing rate was 4.5%/10 a(CV = 0.04) for NDVI of the MODIS database.(2) High vegetation coverage was found from MODIS for 2000—2017, primarily in the mountainous regions(e.g., Qinling Mountains, Micang Mountains, and Shennongjia), whereas low cover was detected at high altitudes in the west and low altitudes in the east. For the Qinling Mountains, NDVI increased and decreased with elevation.(3) The increase and decrease of vegetation coverage during 2000—2017 accounted for 96.90% and 3.10% of the total land area, respectively. Meanwhile, the vegetation cover at low altitude appeared more protected than that in the high-altitude areas.(4) Annual mean temperature in the study area increased by 0.49℃/10 a during 1982—2015, whereas the precipitation showed no significant change. For 2000—2015, we found that vegetation cover(based on SPOT VEG and climate data) was positively correlated with temperature, but not with precipitation. The correlation analysis further demonstrated that vegetation cover was more strongly correlated with temperature in the Qingling-Daba Mountains. In the Qinling Mountains, the correlation was significant between NDVI and temperature in the high-altitude areas, and between NDVI and precipitation in low-altitude areas.
Vegetation and its characteristics are largely controlled by regional landforms and climate. The Qingling-Daba Mountains are located in a transitional zone between the subtropical and the warm temperate climate in China, where a complex relationship between vegetation and climate exits. To explore this relationship, we used GIMMS_(3 g)(1982—2015), SPOT VEGTATION(SPOT VEG)(1998—2015), and MODIS(2000—2017), the DEM, and climate data(temperature and precipitation) to quantify the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation in the Shaanxi Province of the mountains. We found that:(1) NDVI of the GIMMS_(3 g) database increased significantly at a rate of 1.4%/10 a from 1982 through 2015. For 1982—2000, NDVI of GIMMS_(3 g) was low but highly variable(linear tendency 1.6%/10 a, CV = 0.4) by year, whereas a stable increasing trend appeared after 2000(linear tendency 1.7%/10 a, CV = 0.2). For 2000—2015, the increasing rate was 4.1%/10 a(CV = 0.04) for NDVI of the SPOT VEG database. For 2000—2015, the increasing rate was 4.5%/10 a(CV = 0.04) for NDVI of the MODIS database.(2) High vegetation coverage was found from MODIS for 2000—2017, primarily in the mountainous regions(e.g., Qinling Mountains, Micang Mountains, and Shennongjia), whereas low cover was detected at high altitudes in the west and low altitudes in the east. For the Qinling Mountains, NDVI increased and decreased with elevation.(3) The increase and decrease of vegetation coverage during 2000—2017 accounted for 96.90% and 3.10% of the total land area, respectively. Meanwhile, the vegetation cover at low altitude appeared more protected than that in the high-altitude areas.(4) Annual mean temperature in the study area increased by 0.49℃/10 a during 1982—2015, whereas the precipitation showed no significant change. For 2000—2015, we found that vegetation cover(based on SPOT VEG and climate data) was positively correlated with temperature, but not with precipitation. The correlation analysis further demonstrated that vegetation cover was more strongly correlated with temperature in the Qingling-Daba Mountains. In the Qinling Mountains, the correlation was significant between NDVI and temperature in the high-altitude areas, and between NDVI and precipitation in low-altitude areas.
引文
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[6] 于泉洲,梁春玲,张祖陆.近40年来南四湖湿地NDVI变化特征及其控制因子分析.湖泊科学,2014,26(3):455- 463.
[7] Nemani R R,Keeling C D,Hashimoto H,Jolly W M,Piper S C,Tucker C J,Myneni R B,Running S W.Climate-driven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982 to 1999.Science,2003,300(5625):1560- 1563.
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[9] Gehrig-Fasel J,Guisan A,Zimmermann N E.Tree line shifts in the Swiss Alps:climate change or land abandonment?Journal of Vegetation Science,2007,18(4):571- 582.
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[11] 信忠保,许炯心,郑伟.气候变化和人类活动对黄土高原植被覆盖变化的影响.中国科学 D辑:地球科学,2007,37(11):1504- 1514.
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[14] 张晓东,朱文博,崔耀平,张静静,朱连奇.伏牛山地区森林植被动态变化对水热条件的响应.地理研究,2016,35(6):1029- 1040.
[15] 方精云.探索中国山地植物多样性的分布规律.生物多样性,2004,12(1):1- 4.
[16] 王根绪,刘国华,沈泽昊,王文志.山地景观生态学研究进展.生态学报,2017,37(12):3967- 3981.
[17] 孙华,白红英,张清雨,雒新萍,张善红.基于SPOT VEGETATION的秦岭南坡近10年来植被覆盖变化及其对温度的响应.环境科学学报,2010,30(3):649- 654.
[18] 贺映娜,白红英,高翔,马新萍.基于NDVI的米仓山植被覆盖变化趋势分析.西北植物学报,2011,31(8):1677- 1682.
[19] 任园园,张哲,侯钦磊,贺映娜,袁博.大巴山地区植被覆盖变化及其对气候变化的响应.水土保持通报,2012,32(2):56- 59.
[20] 雒新萍.近25a来秦巴山区植被NDVI时空变化及其对区域气候的响应[D].西安:西北大学,2009.
[21] 刘宪锋,潘耀忠,朱秀芳,李双双.2000- 2014年秦巴山区植被覆盖时空变化特征及其归因.地理学报,2015,70(5):705- 716.
[22] 崔晓临,白红英,尚小清.基于MODIS NDVI的秦岭地区植被覆盖变化研究.西北大学学报:自然科学版,2012,42(6):1021- 1026.
[23] 崔晓临,白红英,王涛.秦岭地区植被NDVI海拔梯度差异及其气温响应.资源科学,2013,35(3):618- 626.
[24] 邓晨晖,白红英,高山,刘荣娟,马新萍,黄晓月,孟清.秦岭植被覆盖时空变化及其对气候变化与人类活动的双重响应.自然资源学报,2018,33(3):425- 438.
[25] 张清雨,白红英,孙华,高翔,雒新萍.近30年秦岭山地商洛段林地类型时空变化及其驱动力.环境科学学报,2010,30(2):424- 430.
[26] 任志远,李晶.陕南秦巴山区植被生态功能的价值测评.地理学报,2003,58(4):503- 511.
[27] 孙华,白红英,张清雨,雒新萍,张善红.秦岭南北地区植被覆盖对区域环境变化的响应.环境科学学报,2009,29(12):2635- 2641.
[28] 贺添,邵全琴.基于MOD16产品的我国2001- 2010年蒸散发时空格局变化分析.地球信息科学学报,2014,16(6):979- 988.
[29] 张百平,周成虎,陈述彭.中国山地垂直带信息图谱的探讨.地理学报,2003,58(2):163- 171.
[30] 周自翔,任志远,李晶.秦巴山区植被土壤保持生态价值研究.干旱区研究,2006,23(1):144- 148.
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