乡村儿童体育游戏历史嬗变探究:以华北南孟村为例
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摘要
采用文献资料、田野考察、访谈等方法对华北南孟村儿童体育游戏的历史变迁进行调查,从文化生态学视角阐述其变迁原因。研究表明:乡村儿童体育游戏正处于一个逐渐衰退的历史进程中,游戏材料及游戏场所正逐步由自然取向向人工取向转变,去自然化趋势显著;游戏的演变与生态环境的变化相适应,反映出不同历史时期的时代特性;自然环境的改变、社会文化的发展及人们思想观念的转变是乡村儿童体育游戏嬗变的主要原因。随着社会发展与时代进步,要优化生态环境、改变思想观念,才能促进乡村儿童体育游戏的发展。
By using the methods of literature review, field investigation, and interviews, this paper makes investigation on the historical evolution of children's sports games in Nanmeng Village in north China, and illustrates the reasons of changes from the perspective of cultural ecology. The results show that rural children's sports game is in the historical process of a gradual decline; materials and places needed for games gradually change from the natural orientation to human orientation, greatly lacking the sense of nature; the evolution of games is always in line with the change of the ecological environment, reflecting the characteristics of different historical periods; the changes of natural environment, the development of social culture and the ideology changes are the main reasons accounting for the changes in rural children's sports games. With the development of society and the progress of the times, in order to promote the development of rural children's sports games, we should optimize the ecological environment and change the idea.
By using the methods of literature review, field investigation, and interviews, this paper makes investigation on the historical evolution of children's sports games in Nanmeng Village in north China, and illustrates the reasons of changes from the perspective of cultural ecology. The results show that rural children's sports game is in the historical process of a gradual decline; materials and places needed for games gradually change from the natural orientation to human orientation, greatly lacking the sense of nature; the evolution of games is always in line with the change of the ecological environment, reflecting the characteristics of different historical periods; the changes of natural environment, the development of social culture and the ideology changes are the main reasons accounting for the changes in rural children's sports games. With the development of society and the progress of the times, in order to promote the development of rural children's sports games, we should optimize the ecological environment and change the idea.
引文
[1]中国大百科全书总编辑委员会,中国大百科全书:社会学卷[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1991:471.
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[2]张青.农村儿童民间游戏演变的个案研究:文化生态学视角[D].杭州:浙江师范大学,2011.
[3]刘焱.儿童游戏通论[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2004:587.
[4]苗雪红.儿童自然游戏:群体传统的失落与当代的重建[J].学前教育研究,2004(11):10.
[5]赫伊津哈.游戏的人[M].杭州:中国美术学院出版社,1998:214-215.
[6]曾庆会.儿童游戏异化研究[J].体育文化导刊,2009(3):35.
[7]鲁枢元.生态批评的空间[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2006:20.