法经济学在欧盟规则影响评价制度中的运用
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摘要
文章介绍了欧盟规则影响评价制度的内容,阐述了法经济学的主张,重点分析了影响评价制度对法经济学理念和方法的应用以及两者之间的联系和差别,并且尝试探讨影响评价制度发挥的作用,法经济学在规则制定实践中扮演的角色和没能达到的效果,以及如何更好地在规则影响评价中运用法经济学理念、弥补法经济学的缺陷。最后提出改善我国规则质量的若干建议。
By introducing the contents of regulation impact assessment of European Union and the standpoints of law and economics,this paper analyses how regulation impact assessment applies the points and methods of law and economics,the connections and differences between them,and how to better employ the ideas and mitigate the negative effects of law and economics when doing impact assessments.Based on these introductions and analyses,the suggestions about how to improve regulation quality in China are presented,for instance,encourage economic quantitative analyses in regulation-making process,better employ the ideas of law and economics,and design the regulatory impact assessment system that is suitable for China.
By introducing the contents of regulation impact assessment of European Union and the standpoints of law and economics,this paper analyses how regulation impact assessment applies the points and methods of law and economics,the connections and differences between them,and how to better employ the ideas and mitigate the negative effects of law and economics when doing impact assessments.Based on these introductions and analyses,the suggestions about how to improve regulation quality in China are presented,for instance,encourage economic quantitative analyses in regulation-making process,better employ the ideas of law and economics,and design the regulatory impact assessment system that is suitable for China.
引文
(1)Bert-Jaap Koops et al.Starting Points for ICT Regulations,Deconstructing Prevalent Policy One-liners,Cambridge University Press,Cambridge:2006,p.81.
(1)Impact Assessment Guidelines,2009,European Union Document,SEC(2009)92.
(2)邱静:《关于欧盟提高规则质量项目的介绍和思考》,重庆:重庆出版社,2011年,第4页。
(1)Multicriteria Analysis,Danae Diakoulaki and Stelios Grafakos,2004,National Technical University Athens,Greece,http://www.externe.info/expolwp4.pdf.
(2)理查德·A·波斯纳:《法律的经济分析(第二版)》,北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997年。
(3)卢昉青:《法经济学视野中的效率与正义关系》,《发展》2008年第4期。
(1)[美]尼古拉斯·麦考罗、斯蒂文·曼德姆著:《经济学与法律-从波斯纳到后现代主义》,吴晓露等译,北京:法律出版社,2005年。
(2)[美]皮特·纽曼:《新帕尔格雷夫法经济学大词典(卷三)》,北京:法律出版社,2003年。
(3)[美]尼古拉斯·麦考罗、斯蒂文·曼德姆著:《经济学与法律-从波斯纳到后现代主义》。
(4)Impact Assessment of Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing an Agency for the Operational Management of Large-scale IT systems in the Area of Rreedom,Security and Justice,2009,Brussels,SEC(2009)837.
(1)SEC(2010)1541 final,commission staff working document impact assessment,Accompanying document to the communication from the commission Guidelines on the applicability of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to horizontal co-operation agreements.
(2)SEC(2010)413,commission ctaff working document impact assessment,Accompanying document to the Draft Commission Regulation on the application of Article 101(3)of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to categories of vertical agreements and concerted practices.
(1)Extended Impact Assessment of Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the Registration,Evaluation,Authorisation and Restrictions of Chemicals(Reach),Establishing a European Chemicals Agency and A-mending Directive,2003,Brussels,SEC(2003)1171.
(2)Impact assessment in EU lawmaking,Anne C.M.Meuwese,2008,Kluwer law international.
(3)The Standard Cost Model,A Framework for Defining and Quantifying Administrative Burdens for Businesses,International Working Group on Administrative Burdens,2004.
(1)SEC(2011)482 final,COMMISSION STAFF WORKING PAPER IMPACT ASSESSMENTAccompanying document to the Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUN-CIL implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the creation of unitary patent protection.
(2)[美]尼古拉斯·麦考罗、斯蒂文·曼德姆著:《经济学与法律-从波斯纳到后现代主义》。皮特·纽曼:《纽曼新帕尔格雷夫法经济学大词典(卷一)》。
(1)Ayres,I.,and E.Talley(1995),Distinguishing between Consensual and Nonconsensual Advantages of Liability Rules,Yale Law Journal 105(1):235-53;and Ayres,I.,and E.Talley,1995,Solomonic Bargaining:Dividing a Legal Entitlement to Facilitate Coasean Trade,Yale Law Journal 104(5):1027-1117.
(2)Law and Economics in the RIA world,Andrea Renda,European Studies in Law and Economics,2011,Intersentia Press.
(3)Study“Conditions and options in introducing secondary trading of radio spectrum in the European Community”,by Analysys,Dotecon and Hogan&Hartson,available online at http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/radio_spectrum/_document_sto rage/studies/secondary_trading/secontrad_final.pdf.
(4)[美]尼古拉斯·麦考罗、斯蒂文·曼德姆著:《经济学与法律---从波斯纳到后现代主义》。
(1)Commission Staff Working Paper-Impact Assessment of Policy Options in Relation to a Commission Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Roaming on Public Mobile Networks Within the Community,COM(2006)382 final,SEC(2006)925,Brussels,12.7.2006.
(2)Law and Economics in the RIA world,Andrea Renda,European Studies in Law and Economics,2011,Intersentia Press.
(3)俞飞:《当法律邂逅行为经济学---行为法经济学思想初探》,http://www.laweconomics.org/news_view.asp?id=321.
(1)SEC(2008)2862,13 November 2008.
(2)See Allcott(2010),quoting McKinsey and Company(2008).Reducing U.S.Greenhouse Gas Emissions:How Much and at What Cost?,available online at http://www.mckinsey.com/clientservice/ccsi/pdf/US_ghg_final_report.pdf.
(3)Behaviour Economics,Erik Angner,George Loewenstein,available at:http://sds.hss.cmu.edu/media/pdfs/loewenstein/BehavioralE conomics.pdf.
(1)Impact Assessment Guidelines,2009,European Union Document,SEC(2009)92.
(2)邱静:《关于欧盟提高规则质量项目的介绍和思考》,重庆:重庆出版社,2011年,第4页。
(1)Multicriteria Analysis,Danae Diakoulaki and Stelios Grafakos,2004,National Technical University Athens,Greece,http://www.externe.info/expolwp4.pdf.
(2)理查德·A·波斯纳:《法律的经济分析(第二版)》,北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1997年。
(3)卢昉青:《法经济学视野中的效率与正义关系》,《发展》2008年第4期。
(1)[美]尼古拉斯·麦考罗、斯蒂文·曼德姆著:《经济学与法律-从波斯纳到后现代主义》,吴晓露等译,北京:法律出版社,2005年。
(2)[美]皮特·纽曼:《新帕尔格雷夫法经济学大词典(卷三)》,北京:法律出版社,2003年。
(3)[美]尼古拉斯·麦考罗、斯蒂文·曼德姆著:《经济学与法律-从波斯纳到后现代主义》。
(4)Impact Assessment of Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing an Agency for the Operational Management of Large-scale IT systems in the Area of Rreedom,Security and Justice,2009,Brussels,SEC(2009)837.
(1)SEC(2010)1541 final,commission staff working document impact assessment,Accompanying document to the communication from the commission Guidelines on the applicability of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to horizontal co-operation agreements.
(2)SEC(2010)413,commission ctaff working document impact assessment,Accompanying document to the Draft Commission Regulation on the application of Article 101(3)of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to categories of vertical agreements and concerted practices.
(1)Extended Impact Assessment of Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the Registration,Evaluation,Authorisation and Restrictions of Chemicals(Reach),Establishing a European Chemicals Agency and A-mending Directive,2003,Brussels,SEC(2003)1171.
(2)Impact assessment in EU lawmaking,Anne C.M.Meuwese,2008,Kluwer law international.
(3)The Standard Cost Model,A Framework for Defining and Quantifying Administrative Burdens for Businesses,International Working Group on Administrative Burdens,2004.
(1)SEC(2011)482 final,COMMISSION STAFF WORKING PAPER IMPACT ASSESSMENTAccompanying document to the Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUN-CIL implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of the creation of unitary patent protection.
(2)[美]尼古拉斯·麦考罗、斯蒂文·曼德姆著:《经济学与法律-从波斯纳到后现代主义》。皮特·纽曼:《纽曼新帕尔格雷夫法经济学大词典(卷一)》。
(1)Ayres,I.,and E.Talley(1995),Distinguishing between Consensual and Nonconsensual Advantages of Liability Rules,Yale Law Journal 105(1):235-53;and Ayres,I.,and E.Talley,1995,Solomonic Bargaining:Dividing a Legal Entitlement to Facilitate Coasean Trade,Yale Law Journal 104(5):1027-1117.
(2)Law and Economics in the RIA world,Andrea Renda,European Studies in Law and Economics,2011,Intersentia Press.
(3)Study“Conditions and options in introducing secondary trading of radio spectrum in the European Community”,by Analysys,Dotecon and Hogan&Hartson,available online at http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/radio_spectrum/_document_sto rage/studies/secondary_trading/secontrad_final.pdf.
(4)[美]尼古拉斯·麦考罗、斯蒂文·曼德姆著:《经济学与法律---从波斯纳到后现代主义》。
(1)Commission Staff Working Paper-Impact Assessment of Policy Options in Relation to a Commission Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Roaming on Public Mobile Networks Within the Community,COM(2006)382 final,SEC(2006)925,Brussels,12.7.2006.
(2)Law and Economics in the RIA world,Andrea Renda,European Studies in Law and Economics,2011,Intersentia Press.
(3)俞飞:《当法律邂逅行为经济学---行为法经济学思想初探》,http://www.laweconomics.org/news_view.asp?id=321.
(1)SEC(2008)2862,13 November 2008.
(2)See Allcott(2010),quoting McKinsey and Company(2008).Reducing U.S.Greenhouse Gas Emissions:How Much and at What Cost?,available online at http://www.mckinsey.com/clientservice/ccsi/pdf/US_ghg_final_report.pdf.
(3)Behaviour Economics,Erik Angner,George Loewenstein,available at:http://sds.hss.cmu.edu/media/pdfs/loewenstein/BehavioralE conomics.pdf.