固体充填开采顶板多跨超静定结构分析与充填支架控制作用研究
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摘要
为解决不同地质与开采条件下充填支架的关键参数确定问题,以充填开采条件下岩层移动的实际变形形态为基础,将基本顶作为研究对象,建立了基于多跨超静定结构的"顶板-支架-充填体"相互作用力学模型,煤壁和充填体为主要承载体,充填支架对顶板起限定变形作用,据此建立了连续顶板的力学平衡方程和变形协调方程,在充填支架支撑载荷未知的情况下进行问题的求解,将充填体分布弹性地基支承离散为若干跨等效弹性支承,取单跨隔离体进行分析,建立截面切口形变分量方程,进而推导得出跨间截面切口形变分量的矩阵表达式,得到的n+2个变形协调方程与3个平衡方程构成n+5个求解方程,对应n+5个未知约束,所求问题全部得解;为了更真实地反映顶板载荷的分布,更合理地分析顶板、支架和充填体的相互作用关系,尝试将力学模型与数值模型相结合,改变以往力学模型中将顶板载荷作为均布载荷的简化分析方法,建立与力学模型中充填支架作用和充填体参数一致的数值模型,将数值计算得出的覆岩应力曲线作为顶板载荷q(x),代入"顶板-支架-充填体"相互作用力学模型,由此解出模型中所有支座的反力、梁体内力、梁端弯矩等未知量,从而得出顶板载荷、支架和充填体支撑作用力的相互作用关系,通过具体算例分析了不同充填体弹性地基系数和不同顶板限定变形量条件下双顶梁结构充填支架前顶梁和后顶梁支护强度的变化规律,为充填支架关键参数的确定提供有效依据。
The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem of determining the key parameters of filling mining under different geological and mining conditions. Based on multi-span statically indeterminate structure,the ‘roof-supportfilling body'interaction mechanics model with basic roof was established under the condition of actual deformation form of filling mining strata movement.In this model,the coal wall and filling body are main supporting bodies,while filling supports define the deformation of the basic roof.According to this model,the mechanical equilibrium equationand deformation coordination equation of the continuous roof was established to solve the problem when the pressure of the filling supports is unknown,which changed the simplified analysis method of thinking of the roof pressure as a uniform load in the previous mechanical models.The elastic foundation of the filling body was dispersed into a number of equivalent elastic supports,and the single-span isolator was analyzed to establish the section deformation equation.Then the matrix expression of section deformation equations was obtained,which contained n+2 deformation equations and formed n+5 solving equations with three equilibrium equations,corresponding to n+5 unknown constraints.In order to reflect the distribution of roof load more accurately and analyze relationship of roof,supports and filling body more reasonably,this paper attempted to combine the mechanical model with the numerical model to solve this problem.Then a numerical model with same parameters of the filling supports and filling body in above mechanical model was established.The stress curve calculated by the numerical model was used as the roof pressure q(x) and substituted into the ‘roof-support-filling body'interaction mechanics model.Therefore all the support reactions,internal force and moment of beam in the model could be solved,and the mutual interaction relationship between the roof,the supports and the filling body was obtained.The variation law of the support strength of the front and back canopy of hydraulic supports with double canopy structure under condition of different elastic foundation coefficient of filling body and different roof deformations was analyzed by a specific calculation example,providing an effective method for the determination of key parameters of filling mining.
The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem of determining the key parameters of filling mining under different geological and mining conditions. Based on multi-span statically indeterminate structure,the ‘roof-supportfilling body'interaction mechanics model with basic roof was established under the condition of actual deformation form of filling mining strata movement.In this model,the coal wall and filling body are main supporting bodies,while filling supports define the deformation of the basic roof.According to this model,the mechanical equilibrium equationand deformation coordination equation of the continuous roof was established to solve the problem when the pressure of the filling supports is unknown,which changed the simplified analysis method of thinking of the roof pressure as a uniform load in the previous mechanical models.The elastic foundation of the filling body was dispersed into a number of equivalent elastic supports,and the single-span isolator was analyzed to establish the section deformation equation.Then the matrix expression of section deformation equations was obtained,which contained n+2 deformation equations and formed n+5 solving equations with three equilibrium equations,corresponding to n+5 unknown constraints.In order to reflect the distribution of roof load more accurately and analyze relationship of roof,supports and filling body more reasonably,this paper attempted to combine the mechanical model with the numerical model to solve this problem.Then a numerical model with same parameters of the filling supports and filling body in above mechanical model was established.The stress curve calculated by the numerical model was used as the roof pressure q(x) and substituted into the ‘roof-support-filling body'interaction mechanics model.Therefore all the support reactions,internal force and moment of beam in the model could be solved,and the mutual interaction relationship between the roof,the supports and the filling body was obtained.The variation law of the support strength of the front and back canopy of hydraulic supports with double canopy structure under condition of different elastic foundation coefficient of filling body and different roof deformations was analyzed by a specific calculation example,providing an effective method for the determination of key parameters of filling mining.
引文
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[10]张强.固体充填体与液压支架协同控顶机理研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015:50-580.ZHANG Qiang.Roof control mechanism by coordination with backfilled body and backfill support in solid backfill mining technology[D].Xuzhou:Ching University of Mining&Technology,2015:50-58.
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[13]李猛,张吉雄,缪协兴,等.固体充填体压实特征下岩层移动规律研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(6):969-973.LI Meng,ZHANG Jixiong,MIAO Xiexing,et al. Strata movement under compaction of solid back fill body[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(6):969-973.
[14]王家臣,杨胜利,杨宝贵,等.长壁矸石充填开采上覆岩层移动特征模拟实验[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(8):1256-1262.WANG Jiachen,YANG Shengli,YANG Baogui,et al.Simulation experiment of overlying strata movement features of longwall with gangue backfill mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(8):1256-1262.
[15]周跃进,张吉雄,聂守江,等.充填采煤液压支架受力分析与运动学仿真研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(3):366-370.ZHOU Yuejin,ZHANG Jixiong,NIE Shoujiang,et al.Mechanical analysis and kinematic simulation of a hydraulic support used in backfilling and the coal mining face[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Teehnology,2012,41(3):366-370.
[16]王家臣,杨胜利.固体充填开采支架与围岩关系研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(11):1822-1826.WANG Jiachen,YANG Shengli. Research on support-rock system in solid backfill mining methods[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(11):1822-1826.
[17]刘建功,赵家巍,李蒙蒙,等.煤矿充填开采连续曲形梁形成与岩层控制理论[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(2):383-391.LIU Jiangong,ZHAO Jiawei,LI Mengmeng,et al.Continuous curved beam formation and strata control theory in coal backfill mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(2):383-391.
[18]刘建功,赵家巍,杨洪增.充填开采连续曲形梁时空特性研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(1):41-47.LIU Jiangong,ZHAO Jiawei,YANG Hongzeng. Study on the time and space characteristics of continuous curved beam under backfilling mining condition[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(1):41-47.
[19]钱鸣高,缪协兴.采场上覆岩层结构的形态与受力分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(2):97-106.QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing.Morphology and stress analysis of overburden strata structure in stope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1995,14(2):97-106.
[20]梁运培.采场覆岩移动的组合岩梁理论[J].地下空间,2001,21(5):341-345.LIANG Yunpei. Combined rock beam theory of overburden movement[J].Underground Space,2001,21(5):341-345.
[2]钱鸣高,许家林,缪协兴.煤矿绿色开采技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003,32(4):5-10.QIAN Minggao,XU Jialin,MIAO Xiexing. Green coal mining tech-nology[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2003,32(4):5-10.
[3]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.资源与环境协调(绿色)开采[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(1):1-7.QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing,XU Jialin. Green mining of coal resources harmonizing with environment[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(1):1-7.
[4]刘建功,赵庆彪.综合机械化充填采煤[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(9):1413-1418.LIU Jiangong, ZHAO Qingbiao. Comprehensive mechanized filling coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(9):1413-1418.
[5]缪协兴,张吉雄,郭广礼.综合机械化固体充填采煤方法与技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(1):1-6.MIAO Xiexing,ZHANG Jixiong,GUO Guangli. Study on waste-filling method and technology in fully-mechanized coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(1):1-6.
[6]刘建功,毕锦明,赵利涛,等.综合机械化固体充填采煤自动控制研究与应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(1):149-156.LIU Jiangong,BI Jinming,ZHAO Litao,et al. Research and application on automatic control of comprehensive mechanized solid backfill coal mining[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(1):149-156.
[7]刘建功,赵庆彪.煤矿充填开采理论与技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2016.
[8]陈杰,杜计平,张卫松,等.矸石充填采煤覆岩移动的弹性地基梁模型分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(1):14-19.CHEN Jie,DU Jiping,ZHANG Weisong,et al. An elastic base beam model of overlying strata movement during coal mining with gangue-back-filling[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Teehnology 2012,41(1):14-19.
[9]谢生荣,陈冬冬,郜明明,等.充填采煤弹性基础边界基本顶薄板破断规律[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(9):2270-2279.XIE Shengrong,CHEN Dongdong,GAO Mingming,et al. Fracture regularity of thin plate model of main roof with elastic foundation boundary for backfill mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(9):2270-2279.
[10]张强.固体充填体与液压支架协同控顶机理研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015:50-580.ZHANG Qiang.Roof control mechanism by coordination with backfilled body and backfill support in solid backfill mining technology[D].Xuzhou:Ching University of Mining&Technology,2015:50-58.
[11]张吉雄,李剑,安泰龙,等.矸石充填综采覆岩关键层变形特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(3):357-362.ZHANG Jixiong,LI Jian,AN Tailong,et al.Deformation characteristic of key stratum overburden by raw waste backfilling with fully-mechanized coal minning technology[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(3):357-362.
[12]黄艳利.固体密实充填采煤的矿压控制理论与应用研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012.HUANG Yanli,Ground control theory and application of solid dense backfill in coal mines[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining&Technology,2012.
[13]李猛,张吉雄,缪协兴,等.固体充填体压实特征下岩层移动规律研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(6):969-973.LI Meng,ZHANG Jixiong,MIAO Xiexing,et al. Strata movement under compaction of solid back fill body[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(6):969-973.
[14]王家臣,杨胜利,杨宝贵,等.长壁矸石充填开采上覆岩层移动特征模拟实验[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(8):1256-1262.WANG Jiachen,YANG Shengli,YANG Baogui,et al.Simulation experiment of overlying strata movement features of longwall with gangue backfill mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(8):1256-1262.
[15]周跃进,张吉雄,聂守江,等.充填采煤液压支架受力分析与运动学仿真研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,41(3):366-370.ZHOU Yuejin,ZHANG Jixiong,NIE Shoujiang,et al.Mechanical analysis and kinematic simulation of a hydraulic support used in backfilling and the coal mining face[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Teehnology,2012,41(3):366-370.
[16]王家臣,杨胜利.固体充填开采支架与围岩关系研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(11):1822-1826.WANG Jiachen,YANG Shengli. Research on support-rock system in solid backfill mining methods[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(11):1822-1826.
[17]刘建功,赵家巍,李蒙蒙,等.煤矿充填开采连续曲形梁形成与岩层控制理论[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(2):383-391.LIU Jiangong,ZHAO Jiawei,LI Mengmeng,et al.Continuous curved beam formation and strata control theory in coal backfill mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(2):383-391.
[18]刘建功,赵家巍,杨洪增.充填开采连续曲形梁时空特性研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(1):41-47.LIU Jiangong,ZHAO Jiawei,YANG Hongzeng. Study on the time and space characteristics of continuous curved beam under backfilling mining condition[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(1):41-47.
[19]钱鸣高,缪协兴.采场上覆岩层结构的形态与受力分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(2):97-106.QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing.Morphology and stress analysis of overburden strata structure in stope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1995,14(2):97-106.
[20]梁运培.采场覆岩移动的组合岩梁理论[J].地下空间,2001,21(5):341-345.LIANG Yunpei. Combined rock beam theory of overburden movement[J].Underground Space,2001,21(5):341-345.