四种消毒剂应用于DUWLs微生物污染控制的生物安全性评价
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摘要
目的评价四种不同消毒剂应用于牙科治疗椅水路系统(dental unit waterlines, DUWLs)微生物污染控制的生物安全性。方法通过CCK-8法研究四种不同的消毒剂:过氧化氢纳米银离子消毒剂(Sanosil)、次氯酸钠消毒剂(NaClO)、过氧化氢消毒剂(H_2O_2)和洗必泰(Chlorhexidine,CHX)在不同浓度时在体外对人口腔黏膜上皮细胞细胞毒性,比较不同消毒剂使用的生物安全性。结果四种消毒剂在常用的消毒浓度下与人口腔上皮黏膜细胞作用一定时间下均可产生细胞毒性,但0.2%过氧化氢纳米银离子消毒剂和0.2%的洗必泰毒性等级为中度毒性(2级),5.25%次氯酸钠和3%过氧化氢毒性等级为重度毒性(4级)。结论不同消毒剂在体外的细胞毒性不同,过氧化氢纳米银离子和洗必泰在牙科综合治疗台水路污染控制的常用浓度上对细胞的毒性低于次氯酸钠和过氧化氢,相对安全。
Objective To evaluate the biosafety of four different disinfectants applied to microbial contamination control in DUWLs. Methods The cytotoxicity of four different disinfectants(hydrogen peroxide nano silver ion, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine) on human oral mucosal epithelial cells under different concentrations in vitro and the biosafety of different disinfectants were studied and compared by CCK-8. Results The four disinfectants all produced cytotoxicity after being treated with human oral epithelial mucosal cells for a certain period of time under the common disinfection concentration. However, the toxicity grades of 0.2% hydrogen peroxide nano silver ion and 0.2% chlorhexidine were medium toxicity(Grade 2), the toxicity grades of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 3% hydrogen peroxide were severe toxicity(Grade 4). Conclusion The cytotoxicity of different disinfectants in vitro is different. Hydrogen peroxide nano silver ion and chlorhexidine are less toxic to cells than the sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide under the common concentration of water pollution control in dental unit waterlines and are relatively safe.
Objective To evaluate the biosafety of four different disinfectants applied to microbial contamination control in DUWLs. Methods The cytotoxicity of four different disinfectants(hydrogen peroxide nano silver ion, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine) on human oral mucosal epithelial cells under different concentrations in vitro and the biosafety of different disinfectants were studied and compared by CCK-8. Results The four disinfectants all produced cytotoxicity after being treated with human oral epithelial mucosal cells for a certain period of time under the common disinfection concentration. However, the toxicity grades of 0.2% hydrogen peroxide nano silver ion and 0.2% chlorhexidine were medium toxicity(Grade 2), the toxicity grades of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 3% hydrogen peroxide were severe toxicity(Grade 4). Conclusion The cytotoxicity of different disinfectants in vitro is different. Hydrogen peroxide nano silver ion and chlorhexidine are less toxic to cells than the sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide under the common concentration of water pollution control in dental unit waterlines and are relatively safe.
引文
[1] 刘晓杰,庄华君,王艳秋,等.口腔综合治疗台水系统污染现状及控制措施[J].中国消毒学杂志,2011,28(1):93-95.
[2] Fujita M,Mashima I,Nakazawa F.Monitoring the decontamination efficacy of the novel Poseidon-S disinfectant system in dental unit water lines[J].J Microbiol Immunol Infect,2017,50(3):270-276.
[3] Ji XY,Fei CN,Zhang Y,et al.Evaluation of bacterial contamination of dental unit waterlines and use of a newly designed measurement device to assess retraction of a dental chair unit[J].Int Dent J,2016,66(4):208-214.
[4] Martin MV,Gallagher MA.An investigation of the efficacy of super-oxidised(Optident/Sterilox) water for the disinfection of dental unit water lines[J].Br Dent J,2005,198(6):353-354,discussion 347.
[5] Zhang W,Onyango O,Lin Z,et al.Evaluation of Sterilox for controlling microbial biofilm contamination of dental water[J].Compend Contin Educ Dent,2007,28(11):586-588,590-582.
[6] Boyle MA,O'Donnell MJ,Russell RJ,et al.Lack of cytotoxicity by Trustwater Ecasol used to maintain good quality dental unit waterline output water in keratinocyte monolayer and reconstituted human oral epithelial tissue models[J].J Dent,2010,38(11):930-940.
[7] Wirthlin MR,Roth M.Dental unit waterline contamination:a review of research and findings from a clinic setting[J].Compend Contin Educ Dent,2015,36(3):216-219.
[8] Costa D,Mercier A,Gravouil K,et al.Occurrence and diversity of both bacterial and fungal communities in dental unit waterlines subjected to disinfectants[J].Pathog Dis,2016,74(7):94.
[9] Hidalgo E,Bartolome R,Dominguez C.Cytotoxicity mechanisms of sodium hypochlorite in cultured human dermal fibroblasts and its bactericidal effectiveness[J].Chem Biol Interact,2002,139(3):265-282.
[10] Lessa FC,Aranha AM,Nogueira I,et al.Toxicity of chlorhexidine on odontoblast-like cells[J].J Appl Oral Sci,2010,18(1):50-58.
[11] Alkahtani A,Alkahtany SM,Anil S.An in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxicity of varying concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on human mesenchymal stem cells[J].J Contemp Dent Pract,2014,15(4):473-481.
[12] 邹颖,王文梅,朱雅男,等.CCK-8法评价口腔粘结材料的体外细胞毒性研究[J].口腔医学研究,2011,27(8):673-675.
[13] 梁睿贞.ATP生物荧光法对DUWLs微生物污染的监测研究及过氧化氢纳米银离子干预效果评价[D].南京:南京医科大学,2016.
[14] Porteous N,Dang S,Schoolfield J,et al.Evaluation of the antimicrobial functions of n-halamine dental unit waterline tubing for one year[J].J Clin Dent,2016,27(1):19-22.
[15] Dallolio L,Scuderi A,Rini MS,et al.Effect of different disinfection protocols on microbial and biofilm contamination of dental unit waterlines in community dental practices[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2014,11(2):2064-2076.
[16] 奚廷斐.医疗器械生物学评价[J].中国医疗器械信息,1999(3):4-9.
[17] 张宇,尹庆水,张余,等.不同浓度硝酸银负载珊瑚羟基磷灰石的细胞毒性实验[J].中国组织工程研究,2009,13(42):8295-8298.
[18] Abbaszadegan A,Nabavizadeh M,Gholami A,et al.Positively charged imidazolium-based ionic liquid-protected silver nanoparticles:a promising disinfectant in root canal treatment[J].Int Endod J,2015,48(8):790-800.
[19] 倪玲美,廖丹,王芳,等.医院牙科综合治疗台水路微生物污染和感染防控研究进展[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2018(4):636-640.
[20] 陈向华,叶旭红.口腔综合治疗台水路微生物污染和消毒研究进展[J].预防医学,2018,30(6):595-597.
[21] 李玉英,兰卉,赵莹,等.口腔综合治疗台水路污染现状与防控效果研究[J].中国消毒学杂志,2018,35(5):342-344.
[2] Fujita M,Mashima I,Nakazawa F.Monitoring the decontamination efficacy of the novel Poseidon-S disinfectant system in dental unit water lines[J].J Microbiol Immunol Infect,2017,50(3):270-276.
[3] Ji XY,Fei CN,Zhang Y,et al.Evaluation of bacterial contamination of dental unit waterlines and use of a newly designed measurement device to assess retraction of a dental chair unit[J].Int Dent J,2016,66(4):208-214.
[4] Martin MV,Gallagher MA.An investigation of the efficacy of super-oxidised(Optident/Sterilox) water for the disinfection of dental unit water lines[J].Br Dent J,2005,198(6):353-354,discussion 347.
[5] Zhang W,Onyango O,Lin Z,et al.Evaluation of Sterilox for controlling microbial biofilm contamination of dental water[J].Compend Contin Educ Dent,2007,28(11):586-588,590-582.
[6] Boyle MA,O'Donnell MJ,Russell RJ,et al.Lack of cytotoxicity by Trustwater Ecasol used to maintain good quality dental unit waterline output water in keratinocyte monolayer and reconstituted human oral epithelial tissue models[J].J Dent,2010,38(11):930-940.
[7] Wirthlin MR,Roth M.Dental unit waterline contamination:a review of research and findings from a clinic setting[J].Compend Contin Educ Dent,2015,36(3):216-219.
[8] Costa D,Mercier A,Gravouil K,et al.Occurrence and diversity of both bacterial and fungal communities in dental unit waterlines subjected to disinfectants[J].Pathog Dis,2016,74(7):94.
[9] Hidalgo E,Bartolome R,Dominguez C.Cytotoxicity mechanisms of sodium hypochlorite in cultured human dermal fibroblasts and its bactericidal effectiveness[J].Chem Biol Interact,2002,139(3):265-282.
[10] Lessa FC,Aranha AM,Nogueira I,et al.Toxicity of chlorhexidine on odontoblast-like cells[J].J Appl Oral Sci,2010,18(1):50-58.
[11] Alkahtani A,Alkahtany SM,Anil S.An in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxicity of varying concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on human mesenchymal stem cells[J].J Contemp Dent Pract,2014,15(4):473-481.
[12] 邹颖,王文梅,朱雅男,等.CCK-8法评价口腔粘结材料的体外细胞毒性研究[J].口腔医学研究,2011,27(8):673-675.
[13] 梁睿贞.ATP生物荧光法对DUWLs微生物污染的监测研究及过氧化氢纳米银离子干预效果评价[D].南京:南京医科大学,2016.
[14] Porteous N,Dang S,Schoolfield J,et al.Evaluation of the antimicrobial functions of n-halamine dental unit waterline tubing for one year[J].J Clin Dent,2016,27(1):19-22.
[15] Dallolio L,Scuderi A,Rini MS,et al.Effect of different disinfection protocols on microbial and biofilm contamination of dental unit waterlines in community dental practices[J].Int J Environ Res Public Health,2014,11(2):2064-2076.
[16] 奚廷斐.医疗器械生物学评价[J].中国医疗器械信息,1999(3):4-9.
[17] 张宇,尹庆水,张余,等.不同浓度硝酸银负载珊瑚羟基磷灰石的细胞毒性实验[J].中国组织工程研究,2009,13(42):8295-8298.
[18] Abbaszadegan A,Nabavizadeh M,Gholami A,et al.Positively charged imidazolium-based ionic liquid-protected silver nanoparticles:a promising disinfectant in root canal treatment[J].Int Endod J,2015,48(8):790-800.
[19] 倪玲美,廖丹,王芳,等.医院牙科综合治疗台水路微生物污染和感染防控研究进展[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2018(4):636-640.
[20] 陈向华,叶旭红.口腔综合治疗台水路微生物污染和消毒研究进展[J].预防医学,2018,30(6):595-597.
[21] 李玉英,兰卉,赵莹,等.口腔综合治疗台水路污染现状与防控效果研究[J].中国消毒学杂志,2018,35(5):342-344.