电动汽车充换电站参与电网AGC功率分配的成本一致性算法
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摘要
搭建电动汽车充换电站参与电网自动发电控制(AGC)功率分配的框架,并建立其优化数学模型。在此基础上,提出电动汽车参与AGC功率分配的成本一致性算法。智能体间采用虚拟一致性变量作为一致性交互计算信息,同时以真实一致性变量确定电动汽车的AGC功率,提高算法的应用灵活性。某电网模型仿真结果表明:成本一致性算法可以减少电网调节成本,提高区域电网的控制性能标准,且能有效实现电动汽车参与电网AGC功率分配的自律调频。
A framework of electric vehicle charging station participating in the AGC power allocation of grid is constructed and its optimal mathematical model is established,based on which,a cost consensus algorithm of electric vehicle charging station participating in AGC power allocation is proposed. In order to improve the application flexibility of algorithm,the virtual consensus variables are taken as the information of consensus interactive calculation among agents while the actual consensus variables are adopted to determine the AGC power of electric vehicle. Simulative results of a power grid model show that,the proposed algorithm can reduce the regulation costs and enhance the AGC performance of power grid,and can also effectively achieve autonomous frequency regulation of electric vehicles participating in AGC power allocation.
A framework of electric vehicle charging station participating in the AGC power allocation of grid is constructed and its optimal mathematical model is established,based on which,a cost consensus algorithm of electric vehicle charging station participating in AGC power allocation is proposed. In order to improve the application flexibility of algorithm,the virtual consensus variables are taken as the information of consensus interactive calculation among agents while the actual consensus variables are adopted to determine the AGC power of electric vehicle. Simulative results of a power grid model show that,the proposed algorithm can reduce the regulation costs and enhance the AGC performance of power grid,and can also effectively achieve autonomous frequency regulation of electric vehicles participating in AGC power allocation.
引文
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[19]董云先,吴奎华,吴奎忠,等.电动汽车充电模式对区域电网负荷特性的影响[J].山东电力技术,2013(2):32-36.DONG Yunxian,WU Kuihua,WU Kuizhong,et al.Electric vehicle load characteristic analysis and impact of regional power grid[J].Shangdong Electric Power,2013(2):32-36.
[20]翁国庆,黄飞腾,张有兵,等.电动公交汽车电池集群参与海岛微网能量调度的V2G策略[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(10):31-37.WENG Guoqing,HUANG Feiteng,ZHANG Youbing,et al.V2G strategy for energy dispatch of island microgrid with EBBG[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(10):31-37.
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[22]G譈NG魻R V C,SAHIN D,KOCAK T,et al.Smart grid technologies:communication technologies and standards[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2011,7(4):529-539.
[23]郁磊,史峰,王辉,等.MATLAB智能算法30个案例分析[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2011:101-107.
[24]刘华臣,王锡淮,肖健梅,等.基于群搜索算法的电力系统无功优化[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(14):93-99.LIU Huachen,WANG Xihuai,XIAO Jianmei,et al.Reactive power optimization based on group search optimizer[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(14):93-99.
[25]高阳,陈世福,陆鑫.强化学习研究综述[J].自动化学报,2004,30(1):86-100.GAO Yang,CHEN Shifu,LU Xin.Research on reinforcement learning technology:a review[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2004,30(1):86-100.
[2]郭建龙,文福拴.电动汽车充电对电力系统的影响及其对策[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(6):1-9,30.GUO Jianlong,WEN Fushuan.Impact of electric vehicle charging on power system and relevant countermeasures[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(6):1-9,30.
[3]杨甲甲,赵俊华,文福拴,等.含电动汽车和风电机组的虚拟发电厂竞价策略[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(13):92-102.YANG Jiajia,ZHAO Junhua,WEN Fushuan,et al.Development of bidding stategies for virtual power plants considering uncertain outputs from plug-in electric vehicles and wind generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(13):92-102.
[4]HAN S,SEZAKI K.Development of an optimal vehicle-to-grid aggregator for frequency regulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2010,1(1):65-72.
[5]于大洋,宋曙光,张波,等.区域电网电动汽车充电与风电协同调度的分析[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(14):24-29.YU Dayang,SONG Shuguang,ZHANG Bo,et al.Synergistic dispatch of PEVs charging and wind power in Chinese regional power grids[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(14):24-29.
[6]姚伟锋,赵俊华,文福拴,等.集中充电模式下的电动汽车调频策略[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(9):69-76.YAO Weifeng,ZHAO Junhua,WEN Fushuan,et al.Frequency regulation stategy for electric vehicles with centralized charging[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(9):69-76.
[7]HAN S,HAN S H,SEZAKI K.Design of an optimal aggregator for vehicle-to-grid regulation service[C]∥Innovative Smart Grid Technologies(ISGT).Gaithersburg,USA:IEEE,2010:1-8.
[8]ESCUDERO-GARZ譧S J J,GARC魳A-ARMADA A,SECO-GRANADOS G.Fair design of plug-in electric vehicles aggregator for V2G regulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2012,61(8):3406-3419.
[9]张孝顺,余涛.互联电网AGC功率动态分配的虚拟发电部落协同一致性算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(15):3750-3759.ZHANG Xiaoshun,YU Tao.Virtual generation tribe based collaborative consensus algorithm for dynamic generation dispatch of AGC in interconnected power grids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(15):3750-3759.
[10]张博,罗建军,袁建平.一种基于信息一致性的卫星编队协同控制策略[J].航空学报,2010,31(5):1004-1013.ZHANG Bo,LUO Jianjun,YUAN Jianping.A satellite formation cooperative control strategy based on information consensus[J].Journal of Astronautics,2010,31(5):1004-1013.
[11]贾方超,姚佩阳,马方方,等.快速一致性控制算法下的多UAV分布式协同控制[J].电光与控制,2014,21(5):11-18.JIA Fangchao,YAO Peiyang,MA Fangfang,et al.Distributed coperative cntrol for multi-UAV based on fast consensus control algorithm[J].Electronics Optics&Control,2014,21(5):11-18.
[12]LEE D,SPONG M W.Stable flocking of multiple inertial agents on balanced graphs[J].IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control,2007,52(8):1469-1475.
[13]黄媛,刘俊勇,陈井锐,等.计及电动汽车入网的负荷频率控制[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(9):24-28.HUANG Yuan,LIU Junyong,CHEN Jingrui,et al.Load frequency control considering vehicle to grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(9):24-28.
[14]刘伟佳,文福拴,薛禹胜,等.电动汽车参与电力系统优化调度的谈判策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(17):192-200.LIU Weijia,WEN Fushuan,XUE Yusheng,et al.Negotiation strategies for participation of electric vehicles in power system optimal dispatching[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(17):192-200.
[15]吕振宇,吴在军,窦晓波,等.基于离散一致性的孤立直流微网自适应下垂控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(17):4397-4407.L譈Zhenyu,WU Zaijun,DOU Xiaobo,et al.An adaptive droop control for the islanded DC microgrid based on discrete consensus algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(17):4397-4407.
[16]ZHANG X,YU T,YANG B,et al.Virtual generation tribe based robust collaborative consensus algorithm for dynamic generation command dispatch optimization of smart grid[J].Energy,2016,101:34-51.
[17]中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会.电动汽车充电基础设施发展指南(2015—2020年)[EB/OL].(2015-10-09)[2016-01-10].http:∥www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbtz/201511/t20151117_758762.html.
[18]罗卓伟,胡泽春,宋永华,等.换电模式下电动汽车电池充电负荷建模与有序充电研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(31):1-10.LUO Zhuowei,HU Zechun,SONG Yonghua,et al.Study on charging load modeling and coordinated charging of electric vehicles under battery swapping modes[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(31):1-10.
[19]董云先,吴奎华,吴奎忠,等.电动汽车充电模式对区域电网负荷特性的影响[J].山东电力技术,2013(2):32-36.DONG Yunxian,WU Kuihua,WU Kuizhong,et al.Electric vehicle load characteristic analysis and impact of regional power grid[J].Shangdong Electric Power,2013(2):32-36.
[20]翁国庆,黄飞腾,张有兵,等.电动公交汽车电池集群参与海岛微网能量调度的V2G策略[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(10):31-37.WENG Guoqing,HUANG Feiteng,ZHANG Youbing,et al.V2G strategy for energy dispatch of island microgrid with EBBG[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(10):31-37.
[21]陈刚,赵旋宇.海南联网AGC控制策略研究[J].南方电网技术,2009,3(5):54-57.CHEN Gang,ZHAO Xuanyu.Research on AGC control method of Hainan interconnection[J].Southern Power System Technology,2009,3(5):54-57.
[22]G譈NG魻R V C,SAHIN D,KOCAK T,et al.Smart grid technologies:communication technologies and standards[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2011,7(4):529-539.
[23]郁磊,史峰,王辉,等.MATLAB智能算法30个案例分析[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2011:101-107.
[24]刘华臣,王锡淮,肖健梅,等.基于群搜索算法的电力系统无功优化[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(14):93-99.LIU Huachen,WANG Xihuai,XIAO Jianmei,et al.Reactive power optimization based on group search optimizer[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(14):93-99.
[25]高阳,陈世福,陆鑫.强化学习研究综述[J].自动化学报,2004,30(1):86-100.GAO Yang,CHEN Shifu,LU Xin.Research on reinforcement learning technology:a review[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2004,30(1):86-100.