充换电站模式下电动汽车参与物流配送的电能补给方式规划
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摘要
考虑充换电站(battery charging and swapping station,BCSS)同时提供充、换电2种电能补给方式的运营模式,相比仅在充电站或换电站模式下,电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)参与物流配送的电能补给方式规划可能获得更低的物流配送成本。在满足EV配送途中的行驶约束和回到配送中心的慢速充放电约束的前提下,以EV配送路径、充换电模式选择以及慢速充放电策略为决策变量,以EV参与物流配送的快速充电成本、换电成本、车辆损耗成本和慢速充放电成本之和最小为优化目标,构建了确定EV在BCSS模式下的电能补给方式的最优规划模型。最后,以33节点的物流配送系统为例进行数值仿真,分析了电动汽车在配送途中的电能补给方式对运输成本和慢速充放电成本的影响,以及电动汽车回到配送中心的慢速充放电策略对物流配送总成本的影响。
Considering the operation mode of battery charging and swapping stations( BCSSs) which can provide two kinds of power supply patterns simultaneously,i. e. the charging mode and swapping mode,the research on electric power supply strategy for an electric vehicles( EV) participating in logistics distribution is helpful to reduce the whole logistics cost. To accommodate the constraints of route selection,loading capacity,regular charging/discharging power,time and battery capacity,an optimal decision-making model is proposed for selecting EVs' power supply modes in BCSSs by choosing the logistics distribution route,charging/swapping mode and regular charging/discharging strategy as decision variables,and minimizing the sum of fast charging costs,swapping costs,total degradation costs of the EV participating in logistics distribution as the objective. Comprehensive numerical simulations are conducted on a 33-node logistics distribution system,and the impacts of the power supply mode selection of EVs in the BCSSs are analyzed,and the characteristic of the proposed method demonstrated.
Considering the operation mode of battery charging and swapping stations( BCSSs) which can provide two kinds of power supply patterns simultaneously,i. e. the charging mode and swapping mode,the research on electric power supply strategy for an electric vehicles( EV) participating in logistics distribution is helpful to reduce the whole logistics cost. To accommodate the constraints of route selection,loading capacity,regular charging/discharging power,time and battery capacity,an optimal decision-making model is proposed for selecting EVs' power supply modes in BCSSs by choosing the logistics distribution route,charging/swapping mode and regular charging/discharging strategy as decision variables,and minimizing the sum of fast charging costs,swapping costs,total degradation costs of the EV participating in logistics distribution as the objective. Comprehensive numerical simulations are conducted on a 33-node logistics distribution system,and the impacts of the power supply mode selection of EVs in the BCSSs are analyzed,and the characteristic of the proposed method demonstrated.
引文
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[2]张晓波,张保会,董梁,等.微电网中电动汽车充电模式与换电模式的运行优化[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(9):56-63.ZHANG Xiaobo,ZHANG Baohui,DONG Liang,et al.Operation optimization of electric vehicles in battery swapping mode and directcharging mode in microgrid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(9):56-63.
[3]廖斌杰,杨俊,文福拴,等.电动出租车充电负荷的时空随机分布特性[J].电力建设,2017,38(1):8-16.LIAO Binjie,YANG Jun,WEN Fushuan,et al.Temporal and spatial stochastic distribution characteristics of charging loads of electric taxis[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(1):8-16.
[4]代倩,段善旭,蔡涛,等.电动汽车充换电站成本效益模型及敏感性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(24):41-47.DAI Qian,DUAN Shanxu,CAI Tao,et al.Cost-benefit model and its sensitivity analysis for battery charging and swapping station for electric vehicles[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(24):41-47.
[5]徐璐,袁越.基于电动汽车一体化电站的虚拟电厂智能调度[J].电力建设,2015,36(7):133-138.XU Lu,YUAN Yue.Intelligent scheduling for virtual power plant based on electric vehicle integrated station[J].Electric Power Construction,2015,36(7):133-138.
[6]刘坚.电动汽车充电方式和商业运营模式初探[J].汽车工程师,2011(1):19-23.LIU Jian.A preliminary study on charging infrastructure development and business operation models[J].Auto Engineer,2011(1):19-23.
[7]2016-2020年中国电动汽车充换电站市场深度调研及供需格局预测报告[R/OL].[2018-03-01].http://www.chinabgao.com/report/1353262.html.
[8]中国物流与采购网.2012年全国重点企业物流统计调查报告[R/OL].(2012-12-10)[2018-03-01].http://www.chinawuliu.com.cn/lhhkx/201212/10/200680.shtml.
[9]MARINAKIS Y,MARINAKI M,DOUNIAS Georgios.A hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm for the vehicle routing problem[J].Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2010,23(41):463-472.
[10]DAVID Pisinger,STEFAN Ropke.A general heuristic for vehicle routing problems[J].Computers&Operations Research,2007,34(8):2403-2435.
[11]佟晶晶,温俊强,王丹,等.基于分时电价的电动汽车多目标优化充电策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(1):17-23.TONG Jingjing,WEN Junqiang,WANG Dan,et al.Multiobjective optimization charging strategy for plug-in electric vehicles based on time-of-use price[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(1):17-23.
[12]张立静,娄素华,陈艳霞,等.基于电池租赁模式的电动汽车换电站电池容量优化[J].电网技术,2016,40(6):1730-1735.ZHANG Lijing,LOU Suhua,CHENG Yanxia,et al.Battery capacity optimization of electric vehicle battery swapping station based on leasing mode[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(6):1730-1735.
[13]刘文霞,张蕾蕾,刘宗歧,等.城市纯电动汽车发展模式论证方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(24):34-40.LIU Wenxia,ZHANG Leilei,LIU Zongqi,et al.A development pattern argumentation method for battery electric vehicles in cities[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(24):34-40.
[14]YANG Hongming,YANG Songping,XU Yan,et al.Electric vehicle route optimization considering time-of-use electricity price by learnable partheno-genetic algorithm[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(2):657-666.
[15]KESKIN M,CATAY B.Partial recharge strategies for the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows[J].Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2016,65:111-127.
[16]黄俊辉,周昊,韩俊,等.考虑车网互动的配电网可靠性评估[J].电力建设,2017,38(2):77-83.HUANG Junhui,ZHOU Hao,HAN Jun,et al.Distribution network reliability assessment considering V2G[J].Electric Power Construction,2017,38(2):77-83.
[17]SVEN L.Integrating SQP and branch-and-bound for mixed integer nonlinear programming[J].Computational Optimization and Applications,2001,18(3):295-309.
[18]IROKJan,IMANDL Miroslav,AXEHILL Damiel,et al.An optimization approach to resolve the competing aims of active fault detection and control[C]//50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference.Orlando,USA:IEEE,2011:3712-3717.
[19]SYMPHONY.VRP测试数据库[EB/OL].[2018-03-01].http://www.coin-or.org/SYMPHONY/branchandcut/VRP/data/.
[20]WIKIPEDIA.Performance characteristics of the Chery E8[EB/OL].[2018-03-01].https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chery_E8.