无压引水洞岔洞水力模型试验及仿真分析
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摘要
无压隧洞充水过程水流呈现瞬变流特性,岔洞段流态复杂。对无压隧洞卜型岔洞充水过程进行了室内物理模型试验和CFD计算机仿真,试验采用正态模型,数值计算采用标准k-ε湍流模型;研究了闸门不同开度下分水口及闸室段水流流速、压力分布特征和流态变化规律;将模型试验数据和数值仿真计算结果进行了对比分析,给出了充水过程中不同时刻闸前后水面线变化规律,满足分流比的闸门开度组合形式和优化后的岔洞口体型。
In water filling process, a free-flow branch tunnel shows transient flow characteristics and complicated flow conditions. In this work, we model the flow process using experimental tests on a normal scale model of a branch tunnel and 3D numerical simulations based on the standard k-ε turbulence modeling, focusing on velocity distribution, pressure distribution and flow pattern under different gate openings. By comparing test data and numerical simulations, we obtain water surface profiles at different time instants during the filling process, an optimized combination of the openings of two gates that meets the design discharge ratio, and a better tunnel shape.
In water filling process, a free-flow branch tunnel shows transient flow characteristics and complicated flow conditions. In this work, we model the flow process using experimental tests on a normal scale model of a branch tunnel and 3D numerical simulations based on the standard k-ε turbulence modeling, focusing on velocity distribution, pressure distribution and flow pattern under different gate openings. By comparing test data and numerical simulations, we obtain water surface profiles at different time instants during the filling process, an optimized combination of the openings of two gates that meets the design discharge ratio, and a better tunnel shape.
引文
[1]吴世勇,周济芳,申满斌.锦屏二级水电站复杂超长引水发电系统水力过渡过程复核计算研究[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(1):107-116.WU Shiyong,ZHOU Jifang,SHEN Manbin.Study on check computation of complicated hydraulic transients in super-long water diversion and power generation system of Jinping II Hydropower Station[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,34(1):107-116.(in Chinese)
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[3]Tabbara M,Chatila J,Awwad R.Computational simulation of flow over stepped spillways[J].Computers and Structures,2005,83(27):2215-2224.
[4]郭永鑫,杨开林,郭新蕾,等.长输水管道充水的气液两相流数值模拟[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(9):61-64.GUO Yongxin,YANG Kailin,GUO Xinlei,et al.Numerical simulation on air-liquid two-phase flow for water filling of long distance water conveyance pipeline[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2016,47(9):61-64.(in Chinese)
[5]汤升才.水工建筑物水气两相流数值模拟及试验研究[D].武汉:长江科学院,2009.TANG Shengcai.Numerical simulation and experimental study on water vapor phase flow in hydraulic structures[D].Wuhan:Yangtze River Academy of Sciences,2009.(in Chinese)
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[7]丁爱萍,郭晓晨,陈文学,等.输水渠道中分水口和节制闸的水力敏感性分析[J].人民黄河,2010,32(4):109-113.DING Aiping,GUO Xiaochen,CHEN Wenxue,et al.Hydraulic sensitivity analysis of diversion and check gates in water conveyance canal[J].Yellow River,2010,32(4):109-113.(in Chinese)
[8]邱林,李楠.南水北调中线京石段充水规律研究[J].华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(6):12-17.QIU Lin,LI Nan.Water filling pattern in BeijingShijiazhuang section of middle route of SNWDP[J].Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power(Natural Science Edition),2014,35(6):12-17.(in Chinese)
[9]李楠.南水北调中线京石段充水阶段规律研究[J].中国水利,2014(22):38-40.LI Nan.Water filling pattern in Beijing-Shijiazhuang Ssection of middle route of SNWDP[J].China Water Resources,2014(22):38-40.(in Chinese)
[10]李飞,孙西欢.万家寨引水工程北干线有压倒虹吸管道充水过程研究[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(5):56-59.LI Fei,SUN Xihuan.Study on water filling process of pressure inverted siphon pipeline for North Trunk Line of Wanjiazhai Yellow River delivery project[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2016,47(5):56-59.(in Chinese)
[11]郭维东,张春雷,伯彦萍,等.分流比及取水角度对弯道引水口水流流场的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(2):191-199.GUO Weidong,ZHANG Chunlei,BO Yanping,et al.The impact of split ratio and diversion angle on the flow field in curve diversion port[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2017,48(2):191-199.(in Chinese)
[12]杨敏,李强,李琳,等.有压管道充水过程数值模拟[J].水利学报,2007,38(2):171-175.YANG Min,LI Qiang,LI Lin,et al.Numerical simulation of water-filling process in pressure conduit[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(2):171-175.(in Chinese)
[13]王福军,王玲.大型管道输水系统充水过程瞬变流研究进展[J].水力发电学报,2017,36(11):1-12.WANG Fujun,WANG Ling.Advances in water filling transients in large pipeline transfer systems[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2017,36(11):1-12.(in Chinese)
[14]郭永鑫,吴昊潼,杨开林,等.管道充水过程气液两相流动力学特性分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2013,11(5):65-69.GUO Yongxin,WU Haotong,YANG Kailin,et al.Analysis of dynamic characteristics of gas-liquid flow during water-filling process in pipeline[J].South-toNorth Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2013,11(5):65-69.(in Chinese)
[15]王玲.管道快速充水瞬变流的数值研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.WANG Ling.Numerical investigation on rapid filling transients in pipelines[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
[16]魏文礼,郭扬扬,张泽伟,等.60°弯道丁坝水流水力特性数值模拟研究[J].水力发电学报,2017,36(9):91-99.WEI Wenli,GUO Yangyang,ZHANG Zewei,et al.Hydraulic characteristics of straight and T-shape spur dikes in 60°channel bend by numerical simulation[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2017,36(9):91-99.(in Chinese)
[17]水工(常规)模型试验规程:SL 155-2012[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012.Hydraulic(conventional)model test criterion procedures:SL 155-2012[S].Beijing:China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press,2012.(in Chinese)
[18]Hirt C W,Nichols B D.Volume of fluid(VOF)method for the dynamics of free boundaries[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1981,39(1):201-225.
[19]何雨艨,安瑞冬,李嘉,等.蛮石斜坡型仿自然鱼道水力学特性研究[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(10):40-47.HE Yumeng,AN Ruidong,LI Jia,et al.Hydraulic characteristics of nature-like fishways of rock-ramp type[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2016,35(10):40-47.(in Chinese)
[20]何军龄,尹进步,蒋俏芬,等.高水头大泄量竖井旋流泄洪洞的数值模拟研究[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(11):45-51.HE Junling,YIN Jinbu,JIANG Qiaofen,et al.Numerical simulation study on vortex shaft spillway with super-high water head and large flood discharge[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2016,35(11):45-51.(in Chinese)
[21]王福军.计算流体动力学分析:CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.WANG Fujun.Computational fluid dynamics analysis:Principles and applications of CFD software[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[22]杨开林,时启燧,董兴林.引黄入晋输水工程充水过程的数值模拟及泵站充水泵的选择[J].水利学报,2000(5):76-80.YANG Kailin,SHI Qisui,DONG Xinglin.Numerical simulation of water filling in Yellow River diversion project and selection of pumping station[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2000(5):76-80.(in Chinese)
[23]张菊,王长新,邱秀云.无压隧洞水流的二维数值模拟[J].新疆农业大学学报,2006,29(2):93-95.ZHANG Ju,WANG Changxin,QIU Xiuyun.2-D filed numerical simulation in free flow tunnel[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2006,29(2):93-95.(in Chinese)
[24]张志昌,李若冰,傅铭焕,等.矩形明渠自由水跃长度的理论分析[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(6):108-114.ZHANG Zhichang,LI Ruobing,FU Minghuan,et al.Theoretical analysis on the length of free hydraulic jump in rectangular open channel[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(6):108-114.(in Chinese)
[25]彭玮,张小康,鲍海艳.官地水电站尾水调压室与尾水洞连接岔洞的体型优化研究[J].水电站设计,2010,26(4):7-12.PENG Wei,ZHANG Xiaokang,BAO Haiyan.Research on the shape optimization of the connection tunnel between the Tailrace surge chamber and Tailrace Tunnel of Guandi Hydropower Station[J].Hydropower Station Design,2010,26(4):7-12.(in Chinese)
[2]于跃,王晨晨,安娟,等.基于VOF法的长距离无压引水隧洞充水过程模拟[J].水利水电技术,2009,40(4):36-40.YU Yue,WANG Chenchen,AN Juan,et al.Numerical simulation on water-filling process of long-distance nonpressure water diversion tunnel based on VOF method[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2009,40(4):36-40.(in Chinese)
[3]Tabbara M,Chatila J,Awwad R.Computational simulation of flow over stepped spillways[J].Computers and Structures,2005,83(27):2215-2224.
[4]郭永鑫,杨开林,郭新蕾,等.长输水管道充水的气液两相流数值模拟[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(9):61-64.GUO Yongxin,YANG Kailin,GUO Xinlei,et al.Numerical simulation on air-liquid two-phase flow for water filling of long distance water conveyance pipeline[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2016,47(9):61-64.(in Chinese)
[5]汤升才.水工建筑物水气两相流数值模拟及试验研究[D].武汉:长江科学院,2009.TANG Shengcai.Numerical simulation and experimental study on water vapor phase flow in hydraulic structures[D].Wuhan:Yangtze River Academy of Sciences,2009.(in Chinese)
[6]王晓玲,段琦琦,佟大威,等.长距离无压引水隧洞水气两相流数值模拟[J].水利学报,2009,40(5):596-602.WANG Xiaoling,DUAN Qiqi,TONG Dawei,et al.Numerical simulation of water vapor and gas two phase flow in long distance non-pressure diversion tunnel[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2009,40(5):596-602.(in Chinese)
[7]丁爱萍,郭晓晨,陈文学,等.输水渠道中分水口和节制闸的水力敏感性分析[J].人民黄河,2010,32(4):109-113.DING Aiping,GUO Xiaochen,CHEN Wenxue,et al.Hydraulic sensitivity analysis of diversion and check gates in water conveyance canal[J].Yellow River,2010,32(4):109-113.(in Chinese)
[8]邱林,李楠.南水北调中线京石段充水规律研究[J].华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(6):12-17.QIU Lin,LI Nan.Water filling pattern in BeijingShijiazhuang section of middle route of SNWDP[J].Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power(Natural Science Edition),2014,35(6):12-17.(in Chinese)
[9]李楠.南水北调中线京石段充水阶段规律研究[J].中国水利,2014(22):38-40.LI Nan.Water filling pattern in Beijing-Shijiazhuang Ssection of middle route of SNWDP[J].China Water Resources,2014(22):38-40.(in Chinese)
[10]李飞,孙西欢.万家寨引水工程北干线有压倒虹吸管道充水过程研究[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(5):56-59.LI Fei,SUN Xihuan.Study on water filling process of pressure inverted siphon pipeline for North Trunk Line of Wanjiazhai Yellow River delivery project[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2016,47(5):56-59.(in Chinese)
[11]郭维东,张春雷,伯彦萍,等.分流比及取水角度对弯道引水口水流流场的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(2):191-199.GUO Weidong,ZHANG Chunlei,BO Yanping,et al.The impact of split ratio and diversion angle on the flow field in curve diversion port[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2017,48(2):191-199.(in Chinese)
[12]杨敏,李强,李琳,等.有压管道充水过程数值模拟[J].水利学报,2007,38(2):171-175.YANG Min,LI Qiang,LI Lin,et al.Numerical simulation of water-filling process in pressure conduit[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,38(2):171-175.(in Chinese)
[13]王福军,王玲.大型管道输水系统充水过程瞬变流研究进展[J].水力发电学报,2017,36(11):1-12.WANG Fujun,WANG Ling.Advances in water filling transients in large pipeline transfer systems[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2017,36(11):1-12.(in Chinese)
[14]郭永鑫,吴昊潼,杨开林,等.管道充水过程气液两相流动力学特性分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2013,11(5):65-69.GUO Yongxin,WU Haotong,YANG Kailin,et al.Analysis of dynamic characteristics of gas-liquid flow during water-filling process in pipeline[J].South-toNorth Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2013,11(5):65-69.(in Chinese)
[15]王玲.管道快速充水瞬变流的数值研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.WANG Ling.Numerical investigation on rapid filling transients in pipelines[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
[16]魏文礼,郭扬扬,张泽伟,等.60°弯道丁坝水流水力特性数值模拟研究[J].水力发电学报,2017,36(9):91-99.WEI Wenli,GUO Yangyang,ZHANG Zewei,et al.Hydraulic characteristics of straight and T-shape spur dikes in 60°channel bend by numerical simulation[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2017,36(9):91-99.(in Chinese)
[17]水工(常规)模型试验规程:SL 155-2012[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2012.Hydraulic(conventional)model test criterion procedures:SL 155-2012[S].Beijing:China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press,2012.(in Chinese)
[18]Hirt C W,Nichols B D.Volume of fluid(VOF)method for the dynamics of free boundaries[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1981,39(1):201-225.
[19]何雨艨,安瑞冬,李嘉,等.蛮石斜坡型仿自然鱼道水力学特性研究[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(10):40-47.HE Yumeng,AN Ruidong,LI Jia,et al.Hydraulic characteristics of nature-like fishways of rock-ramp type[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2016,35(10):40-47.(in Chinese)
[20]何军龄,尹进步,蒋俏芬,等.高水头大泄量竖井旋流泄洪洞的数值模拟研究[J].水力发电学报,2016,35(11):45-51.HE Junling,YIN Jinbu,JIANG Qiaofen,et al.Numerical simulation study on vortex shaft spillway with super-high water head and large flood discharge[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2016,35(11):45-51.(in Chinese)
[21]王福军.计算流体动力学分析:CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.WANG Fujun.Computational fluid dynamics analysis:Principles and applications of CFD software[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2004.(in Chinese)
[22]杨开林,时启燧,董兴林.引黄入晋输水工程充水过程的数值模拟及泵站充水泵的选择[J].水利学报,2000(5):76-80.YANG Kailin,SHI Qisui,DONG Xinglin.Numerical simulation of water filling in Yellow River diversion project and selection of pumping station[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2000(5):76-80.(in Chinese)
[23]张菊,王长新,邱秀云.无压隧洞水流的二维数值模拟[J].新疆农业大学学报,2006,29(2):93-95.ZHANG Ju,WANG Changxin,QIU Xiuyun.2-D filed numerical simulation in free flow tunnel[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2006,29(2):93-95.(in Chinese)
[24]张志昌,李若冰,傅铭焕,等.矩形明渠自由水跃长度的理论分析[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(6):108-114.ZHANG Zhichang,LI Ruobing,FU Minghuan,et al.Theoretical analysis on the length of free hydraulic jump in rectangular open channel[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(6):108-114.(in Chinese)
[25]彭玮,张小康,鲍海艳.官地水电站尾水调压室与尾水洞连接岔洞的体型优化研究[J].水电站设计,2010,26(4):7-12.PENG Wei,ZHANG Xiaokang,BAO Haiyan.Research on the shape optimization of the connection tunnel between the Tailrace surge chamber and Tailrace Tunnel of Guandi Hydropower Station[J].Hydropower Station Design,2010,26(4):7-12.(in Chinese)