计及用户感知价值的分时充电电价优化设计模型
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摘要
供电公司对充电服务配套措施的完善成为城市能否成功推广电动汽车的关键影响因素,而这当中充电电价的设计又是其中关键问题之一。以峰谷分时电价为背景,从用户感知价值理论的角度探讨了如何优化峰平谷的充电电价问题。借鉴折扣心理学的相关理论,指出了谷时段折扣电价促销起始点和饱和点的存在及其对供电公司谷时段电价优化的指导意义,并构建了充电电价折扣率对电动汽车用户谷时段充电电量的影响函数关系。在充分考虑电动汽车用户行驶习惯的基础上给出了充电需求的测算模型。依据电动汽车用户的充电行为规律构建了峰谷分时电价时段划分模型。在考虑用户充电响应规律的基础上构建了峰谷分时电价优化设计模型。以冀北地区用户的实际情况为例进行了实例分析,分析结果证明了所构建的基于用户折扣感知价值的峰谷分时充电电价设计模型既能够引导用户转移充电量,又能避免给供电公司带来售电收入的损失。
Improvement of the supporting measures for charging services by power supply companies is one of the key factors of success of popularization of electric vehicles in a city wherein the design of the electric charging price is one of the key issues. Based on the background of peak valley electricity price,this paper researches into the TOU price mechanism which is designed to guide the customers to rationalize their charging behaviors,and the research is based on the theory of customer perception value. Firstly the discount psychology theory is used to point out the presence of the starting point and the saturation point of the TOU discount electric charging price and its value for the electric power supply company. Meantime,the function relationships between the rate of discount in electric charging price and demand of charging electricity are defined. Based on these researches,the model for quantifying the demand of charging electricity is built by considering the behaviors of electric vehicle customers. And then the models for optimizing the time period and levels of the TOU price are constructed based on the research on customers' behaviors and charging response characteristics. Finally,the actual situation in Jibei district is used to collect the data and examine the models,and the results show that the model constructed in this work serves to guide the electric customers to transfer the amount of charging electricity and also is helpful for the electric power supply company to avoid loss of income.
Improvement of the supporting measures for charging services by power supply companies is one of the key factors of success of popularization of electric vehicles in a city wherein the design of the electric charging price is one of the key issues. Based on the background of peak valley electricity price,this paper researches into the TOU price mechanism which is designed to guide the customers to rationalize their charging behaviors,and the research is based on the theory of customer perception value. Firstly the discount psychology theory is used to point out the presence of the starting point and the saturation point of the TOU discount electric charging price and its value for the electric power supply company. Meantime,the function relationships between the rate of discount in electric charging price and demand of charging electricity are defined. Based on these researches,the model for quantifying the demand of charging electricity is built by considering the behaviors of electric vehicle customers. And then the models for optimizing the time period and levels of the TOU price are constructed based on the research on customers' behaviors and charging response characteristics. Finally,the actual situation in Jibei district is used to collect the data and examine the models,and the results show that the model constructed in this work serves to guide the electric customers to transfer the amount of charging electricity and also is helpful for the electric power supply company to avoid loss of income.
引文
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[18]项顶,宋永华,胡泽春,等.电动汽车参与V2G的最优峰谷电价研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,31(5):15-25,2.XIANG Ding,SONG Yonghua,HU Zechun,et al.Research on optimal time of use price for electric vehicle participating V2G[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,31(5):15-25,2(in Chinese).
[19]孙波,施泉生.电动汽车入网的放电电价定价模型分析[J].华东电力,2011,39(7):1029-1032.SUN Bo,SHI Quansheng.Analysis on discharge pricing model for vehicle-to-grid[J].East China Electric Power,2011,39(7):1029-1032(in Chinese).
[20]SUNIL GUPTA,LEE G.COOPER.The discounting of discounts and promotion thresholds[J].Journal of Consumer Research,1992,19(3):401-411.
[21]ROGAR MARSHALL,SEOW BEE LENG.Price threshold and discount saturation point in Singapore[J].Journal of Product&Brand Management,2002,11(3):147-159.
[2]杨文宇,胡长青,王艳,等.基于外部效应理论的陕西电动汽车充电服务价格策略研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2016,32(5):104-108.YANG Wenyu,HU Changqing,WANG Yan,et al.Study on charge service price of pure electric vehicles based on externality[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2016,32(5):104-108(in Chinese).
[3]张晨曦,文福拴,薛禹胜,等.电动汽车发展的社会综合效益分析[J].华北电力大学学报(自然科学版),2014,41(3):55-63.ZHANG Chenxi,WEN Fusuan,XUE Yusheng,et al.A preliminary investigation on the overall profit assessment of electric vehicle development to the society[J].Journal of North China Electric Power University(Natural Science Edition),2014,41(3):55-63(in Chinese).
[4]许文超,牛涛,颜淋丽,等.电动汽车充电站需求影响因素及预测方法[J].江苏电机工程,2011,30(3):41-43.XU Wenchao,NIU Tao,YAN Linli,et al.Influence factors and predicting method of the demand for electrical vehicle charging station[J].Jiangsu Electric Engineering,2011,30(3):41-43(in Chinese).
[5]滕耘,胡天军,卫振林.电动汽车充电电价定价分析[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2008,8(3):126-130.TENG Yun,HU Tianjun,WEI Zhenlin.Analysis on charge price of electric vehicles[J].Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2008,8(3):126-130(in Chinese).
[6]路宽,刘思,牛新生.运用成本效益分析的电动汽车充电电价制定[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2014,26(3):76-80.LU Kuan,LIU Si,NIU Xinsheng,et al.Pricing method of electric vehicle charging by using cost-benefit analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2014,26(3):76-80(in Chinese).
[7]NIAMH O’CONNELL,QIUWEI WU,JACOB覫STERGA ARD,et al.Day-ahead tariffs for the alleviation of distribution grid congestion from electric vehicles[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2012(92):106-114.
[8]唐小波,赵彩虹,吴薛红,等.智能电网中电动汽车快速有序充电实时电价优化方法[J].南京师范大学学报(工程技术版),2013,13(4):13-18.TANG Xiaobo,ZHAO Caihong,WU Xuehong,et al.Optimization of spot power price in coordinated fast charging model of electric vehicles[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Engineering and Technology Edition),2013,13(4):13-18(in Chinese).
[9]GEORGE R.PLEAT.Allowing for off-peak price incentives to reduce electric vehicle distribution grid congestion[J].The Electricity Journal,2012,25(6):89-97.
[10]荆朝霞,钟童科,林志龙,等.电动汽车充电行为对电网负荷曲线的影响[J].南方电网技术,2013,7(1):80-84.JING Zhaoxia,ZHONG Tongke,LIN Zhilong,et al.The impact of electric vehicles charging behavior on the load curve of power grid[J].Southern Power System Technology,2013,7(1):80-84(in Chinese).
[11]高亚静,王辰,吕孟扩,等.计及车主满意度的电动汽车最优峰谷分时电价模型[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(2):8-13.GAO Yajing,WANG Chen,L譈Mengkuo,et al.Optimal time-of-use price model considering satisfaction degree of electric vehicle owners[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(2):8-13(in Chinese).
[12]高亚静,吕孟扩,王球,等.计及网损与电动汽车车主利益的分时电价研究[J].电力科学与工程,2014,30(7):37-42.GAO Yajing,L Mengkuo,WANG Qiu,et al.Research on time-of-use price considering power losses and the interest of electric vehicle owners[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering,2014,30(7):37-42(in Chinese).
[13]张萱,朱金大.电动汽车和电网的互通兼容标准化现状和发展[J].电网与清洁能源,2015,31(11):83-88.ZHANG Xuan,ZHU Jinda.The current status and development of interactive compatibility standards between electric vehicles and power grid[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2015,31(11):83-88(in Chinese).
[14]戴诗容,雷霞,程道卫,等.电动汽车峰谷分时充放电电价研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2013,29(7):77-82,91.DAI Shirong,LEI Xia,CHENG Daowei,et al.Study on electric vehicle charging and discharging TOU price[J].Advances of Power System&Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,29(7):77-82,91(in Chinese).
[15]葛少云,黄镠,刘洪.电动汽车有序充电的峰谷电价时段优化[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(10):1-5.GE Shaoyun,HUANG Liu,LIU Hong.Optimization of peak-valley TOU power price time-period in ordered charging mode of electric vehicle[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(10):1-5(in Chinese).
[16]佟晶晶,温俊强,王丹,等.基于分时电价的电动汽车多目标优化充电策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(1):17-23.TONG Jingjin,WEN Junqiang,WANG Dan,et al.Multiobjective optimization charging strategy for plug-in electric vehicles based on time-of-use price[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(1):17-23(in Chinese).
[17]赵博,朱金大,张卫国.考虑规模化电动汽车入网的电网调频控制策略[J].电网与清洁能源,2015,31(12):73-76.ZHAO Bo,ZHU Jinda,ZHANG Weiguo.Frequency regulation strategy of the grid considering large scale electric vehicles to grid[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2015,31(12):73-76(in Chinese).
[18]项顶,宋永华,胡泽春,等.电动汽车参与V2G的最优峰谷电价研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,31(5):15-25,2.XIANG Ding,SONG Yonghua,HU Zechun,et al.Research on optimal time of use price for electric vehicle participating V2G[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,31(5):15-25,2(in Chinese).
[19]孙波,施泉生.电动汽车入网的放电电价定价模型分析[J].华东电力,2011,39(7):1029-1032.SUN Bo,SHI Quansheng.Analysis on discharge pricing model for vehicle-to-grid[J].East China Electric Power,2011,39(7):1029-1032(in Chinese).
[20]SUNIL GUPTA,LEE G.COOPER.The discounting of discounts and promotion thresholds[J].Journal of Consumer Research,1992,19(3):401-411.
[21]ROGAR MARSHALL,SEOW BEE LENG.Price threshold and discount saturation point in Singapore[J].Journal of Product&Brand Management,2002,11(3):147-159.