棘托竹荪连作对根际土壤细菌的影响
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摘要
棘托竹荪连作导致棘托竹荪产量降低、质量下降.土壤细菌群落结构组成及变化能够反映生态系统的结构和功能,在生态系统物质养分循环中发挥着重要的作用.目前,棘托竹荪连作对土壤细菌群落结构组成及分布的影响尚不清楚.以连续三年棘托竹荪根际土壤为材料,探讨连续种植棘托竹荪对根际土壤细菌的影响,为调控棘托竹荪连作障碍提供理论依据.试验选择连续三年棘托竹荪出菇高峰期的土壤及对应的未种植棘托竹荪的样地,采用"S"形取样法采集土壤样品,对土壤进行理化性质及分子水平上对16S rRNA基因进行HiSeq2500测序研究,利用R语言和SPSS 22.0等软件分析棘托竹荪连作对土壤细菌多样性及群落结构的影响.种植棘托竹荪后,与对照相比,土壤有机碳、全磷、碱解氮等的含量均增加;细菌种群数量和多样性均增加.连作三年后,种植棘托竹荪区域的土壤细菌种群与多样性降低,慢生根瘤菌属,Candidatus_Solibacter和Chthoniobacter的相对丰度随连作年限的增加而逐渐增加;Kaistobacter、假单胞菌属、黄杆菌属、金黄杆菌属等菌群相对丰度则逐年减小.在种植棘托竹荪区域,属水平上的菌落受土壤理化性质影响比较大,特别是pH、有机碳、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾.随连作年限的延长,棘托竹荪根际土壤理化性质、细菌的群落多样性及结构发生显著变化.
Continuous cropping of Phallus echinovolvatus resulted in lower yield and decreased quality. The soil bacterial community structure can reflect the structure and function of ecosystem and play an important role in the material and nutrient cycle of ecosystem. At present,the effect of continuous cropping of Phallus echinovolvatus on soil bacterial community remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the changes of soil bacteria diversity with Phallus echinovolvatus rhizosphere soil for three continuous cropping years,to provide theoretical basis for the control of Phallus echinovolvatus continuous cropping obstacles. In the experiment,the samples were collected from the soil growing Phallus echinovolvatus for three consecutive years and the areas where no Phallus echinovolvatus had developed,using "S" sampling method,on soil physicochemical property and molecular level sequence of 16 S rRNA genes based HiSeq2500 sequencing,using R and SPSS 22.0 software analysis soil bacterial diversity and community structure on the continuous cropping of Phallus echinovolvatus. Compared with the control,the content of soil organic carbon,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen and so on increased. The number and diversity of bacterial population increased. After three years of continuous cropping,the bacterial diversities indexes were decreased in rhizosphere soil. Bradyrhizobium,Candidatus_Solibacter and Chthoniobacter were increased,but these were decreased in Kaistobacter,Pseudomonas,Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium. The soil physicochemical were correlated with genus level in rhizosphere soil. With the extension of three continuous cropping years,the bacterial of Phallus echinovolvatus rhizosphere soil will be changed significantly.
Continuous cropping of Phallus echinovolvatus resulted in lower yield and decreased quality. The soil bacterial community structure can reflect the structure and function of ecosystem and play an important role in the material and nutrient cycle of ecosystem. At present,the effect of continuous cropping of Phallus echinovolvatus on soil bacterial community remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the changes of soil bacteria diversity with Phallus echinovolvatus rhizosphere soil for three continuous cropping years,to provide theoretical basis for the control of Phallus echinovolvatus continuous cropping obstacles. In the experiment,the samples were collected from the soil growing Phallus echinovolvatus for three consecutive years and the areas where no Phallus echinovolvatus had developed,using "S" sampling method,on soil physicochemical property and molecular level sequence of 16 S rRNA genes based HiSeq2500 sequencing,using R and SPSS 22.0 software analysis soil bacterial diversity and community structure on the continuous cropping of Phallus echinovolvatus. Compared with the control,the content of soil organic carbon,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolysis nitrogen and so on increased. The number and diversity of bacterial population increased. After three years of continuous cropping,the bacterial diversities indexes were decreased in rhizosphere soil. Bradyrhizobium,Candidatus_Solibacter and Chthoniobacter were increased,but these were decreased in Kaistobacter,Pseudomonas,Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium. The soil physicochemical were correlated with genus level in rhizosphere soil. With the extension of three continuous cropping years,the bacterial of Phallus echinovolvatus rhizosphere soil will be changed significantly.
引文
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[18] 邹莉,袁晓颖,李玲,等.连作对大豆根部土壤微生物的影响研究[J].微生物学杂志,2005,25(2):27-30.Zhou L,Yuan X Y,Li L,et al.Effects continuous cropping on soil microbes onsoybean roots[J].Journal of Microbiology,2005,25(2):27-30.
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[20] 吕卫光,余廷园,诸海涛,等.黄瓜连作对土壤理化性状及生物活性的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(2):119-121.Lv W G,Yu T Y,Zhu H T,et al.Effects of cucumber continuous cropping on the soil physichemical characters and biological activities[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2006,14(2):119-121.
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[23] Bhattacharyya P N,Jha D K.Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR):emergence in agriculture[J].World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2011,28(4):1 327-1 350.
[24]钱鹏.三七连作根际土壤微生态研究[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2015.Qian P.Microecological research on rhizosphere soil of continuous Panax notoginseng cropping[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2015.
[2] 廖文镇.竹荪多糖的化学结构、生物活性及其功能化抗肿瘤药物的研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015.Liao W Z.Structure characterization and bioactivity evaluation of polysaccharides from Dictyophora indusiata and its application in functionalization of anticancer drugs[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2015.
[3] 吕杨兰.竹荪连作障碍成因分析[D].福州:福建农林大学,2012.Lv Y L.Analysis on the cause of continuous cropping obstacle of Dictyophora indusiata[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2012.
[4] 史静龙.棘托竹荪连作对土壤细菌群落结构和功能的影响[D].广州:中国林科院热带林业研究所,2018.Shi J L.Effects of Phallus echinovolvatus continuous cropping on soil bacterial community structure and function[D].Guangzhou:Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,2018.
[5] 胡汝晓,赵松义,谭周进,等.烟草连作对稻田土壤微生物及酶的影响[J].核农学报,2007,21(5):494-497.Hu R X,Zhao S Y,Tan Z J,et al.The effect of continuous tobacco cropping on the microbes and enzyme activities in rice soil[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2007,21(5):494-497.
[6] Yang C.16S rDNA fingerprinting of rhizosphere bacterial communities associated with healthy and Phytophthora infected avocado roots[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,2001,35(2):129-136.
[7] Kong A Y Y,Scow K M,Córdova-Kreylos A L,et al.Microbial community composition and carbon cycling within soil microenvironments of conventional,low-input,and organic cropping systems[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2011,43(1):20-30.
[8] Rangel-Castro J I,Levenfors J J,Danell E.Physiological and genetic characterization of fluorescent Pseudomonas associated with Cantharellus cibarius[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,2002,48(8):739-748.
[9] Warmink J A,van Elsas J D.Selection of bacterial populations in the mycosphere of Laccaria proxima:is type III secretion involved?[J].The ISME Journal,2008,2(8):887-900.
[10] 常颖萃,蒋文静,石妍,等.竹荪不同生育期土壤微生物动态变化[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(7):1 228-1 231Chang Y C,Jiang W J,Shi Y,et al.Dynamicchange of soil microorganisms at various growing stage of Dictyophora[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2013,34(7):1 228-1 231.
[11] Magoc T,Salzberg S L.FLASH:Fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies[J].Bioinformatics,2011,27(21):2 957-2 963.
[12] Kolde R.Pheatmap:pretty heatmaps[R].R Package Version 061,2012.
[13] Landau S,Everitt B S.A handbook of statistical analyses using SPSS[M].Florida:Chapman & Hall,2003.
[14] 张重义,林文雄.药用植物的化感自毒作用与连作障碍[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(1):189-196.Zhang C Y,Lin W X.Continuous cropping obstacle and allelopathic autotoxicity of medicinal plants[J].Chinese Jounal of Eco-Agriculture,2009,17(1):189-196.
[15] Huang L F,Song L X,Xia X J,et al.Plant-soil feedbacks and soil sickness:from mechanisms to application in agricuture[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2013,39(2):232-242.
[16] 余世金,孙慧群,王萍,等.茯苓栽培场土壤微生物区系与酶活性变化初探[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(16):7 585-7 588.Yu S J,Sun H Q,Wang P,et al.Primary research on variations of microflora and enzyme activity in soil of Tuckahoe cultivation field[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(16):7 585-7 588.
[17] 赵帆,赵密珍,王钰,等.不同连作年限草莓根际细菌和真菌多样性变化[J].微生物学通报,2017,44(6):1 377-1 386.Zhao F,Zhao M Z,Wang Y,et al.Biodiversity of bacteria and fungi in rhizosphere of strawberry with different continuous cropping years[J].Microbiology China,2017,44(6):1 377-1 386.
[18] 邹莉,袁晓颖,李玲,等.连作对大豆根部土壤微生物的影响研究[J].微生物学杂志,2005,25(2):27-30.Zhou L,Yuan X Y,Li L,et al.Effects continuous cropping on soil microbes onsoybean roots[J].Journal of Microbiology,2005,25(2):27-30.
[19] 孙磊.不同连作年限对大豆根际土壤养分的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(14):266-269.Sun L.Effect of soybean continuous cropping on the rhizosphere soil nutrition[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2008,24(12):266-269.
[20] 吕卫光,余廷园,诸海涛,等.黄瓜连作对土壤理化性状及生物活性的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2006,14(2):119-121.Lv W G,Yu T Y,Zhu H T,et al.Effects of cucumber continuous cropping on the soil physichemical characters and biological activities[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2006,14(2):119-121.
[21] Ndonde M J M,Semu E.Preliminary characterization of some Streptomyces species from four Tanzanian soils and their antimicrobial potential against selected plant and animal pathogenic bacteria[J].World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2000,16(7):595-599.
[22] Zhang Y F,Wang E T,Tian C F,et al.Bradyrhizobium elkanii,Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense and Bradyrhizobium japonicum are the main rhizobia associated with Vigna unguiculata and Vigna radiata in the subtropical region of China[J].FEMS Microbiology Letters,2008,285(2):146-154.
[23] Bhattacharyya P N,Jha D K.Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR):emergence in agriculture[J].World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2011,28(4):1 327-1 350.
[24]钱鹏.三七连作根际土壤微生态研究[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2015.Qian P.Microecological research on rhizosphere soil of continuous Panax notoginseng cropping[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2015.