建筑物尺度对避雷针防雷性能影响的数值评估
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摘要
为研究闪电先导与地面建筑物的相互作用,根据长间隙放电的物理过程建立了包含上行迎面正先导的三维负极性先导发展模型。利用模拟电荷法计算了电晕区的电位分布及电晕电荷量,作为上行正先导是否满足激发起始的判断条件,建立了上行正先导的起始传播模型,利用该模型评估了建筑物形状特征对于闪击距离的影响。研究表明:随着回击电流峰值、建筑物垂直高度或避雷针高度的增大,闪击距离也逐步增大;在建筑物垂直高度不变的条件下,随着避雷针高度的增加,闪击距离逐步增大,当避雷针高度大于30m后,闪击距离的变化不再明显。
In order to study the interaction of lightning leaders and structures,an inception model of upward leader based on the mechanism of the long air gap discharge process was proposed,and a three-dimensional physical model of downward leader with upward leader developed.The total charge and charge distribution in down leader were studied by employing the charge simulation method.The corona charge was used as judgment condition of the initial development.The influences of the features of building,such as the horizontal scale of the building and the height of the building,on the strike distance were evaluated by the proposed model.The major results are as follows:(1)The stroke distance increases gradually as the peak of the return stroke current,vertical height of the building or the height of the lightning rod increases.(2)When the vertical height of the building assumes to be constant,the overall trend of strike distance increases gradually as the lightning rod height increases.The changes of the strike distance are not obvious as the height of the lightning rod is more than 30 m.
In order to study the interaction of lightning leaders and structures,an inception model of upward leader based on the mechanism of the long air gap discharge process was proposed,and a three-dimensional physical model of downward leader with upward leader developed.The total charge and charge distribution in down leader were studied by employing the charge simulation method.The corona charge was used as judgment condition of the initial development.The influences of the features of building,such as the horizontal scale of the building and the height of the building,on the strike distance were evaluated by the proposed model.The major results are as follows:(1)The stroke distance increases gradually as the peak of the return stroke current,vertical height of the building or the height of the lightning rod increases.(2)When the vertical height of the building assumes to be constant,the overall trend of strike distance increases gradually as the lightning rod height increases.The changes of the strike distance are not obvious as the height of the lightning rod is more than 30 m.
引文
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[11]COORAY V,BECERRA M.Attractive radius and the volume of protection of vertical and horizontal conductors evaluated using a self consistent leader inception and propagation model-SLIM[J].Atmospheric Research,2012,117:64-70.
[12]BERGER K.Methods and results of lighting records at Monte San Salvator from 1963-1971[J].Bull Schueiz Elektrotech,1972(3):21403-21422.
[13]谢施君,何俊佳,陈维江,等.避雷针迎面先导发展物理过程仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(10):32-40.XIE Shijun,HE Junjia,CHEN Weijiang,et al.Simulation study on the development process of the upward leader incepted from lightning rod[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(10):32-40.(in Chinese).
[14]RIZK F A M.A model for switching impulse leader inception and breakdown for long air-gaps[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1989,4(1):596-606.
[15]郄秀书,张其林,袁铁,等.雷电物理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:63-64.
[16]MOUSA A M,SRIVASTAVA K D.The distribution of lightning strokes to towers and along the span of shielded and unshielded power lines[J].Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering,1990,15(3):115-122.
[2]DELLERA L,GARBAGNATI E.Lightning stroke simulation by means of the leader progression model.I.Description of the model and evaluation of exposure of free-standing structures[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1990,5(4):2009-2022.
[3]ZHANG Q,ZHOU B.Identification of striking distance considering the velocity ratio and competition among the leaders[J].Journal of Electrostatics,2014,72(5):365-371.
[4]LI J,YANG Q,SIMA W,et al.A new estimation model of the lightning shielding performance of transmission lines using a fractal approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2011,18(5):1712-1723.
[5]BECERRA M,COORAY V.A simplified physical model to determine the lightning upward connecting leader inception[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(2):897-908.
[6]XU Yazhong,CHEN Mingli.A 3-D self-organized leader propagation model and its engineering approximation for lightning protection analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(28):2342-2355.
[7]万浩江,魏光辉,陈强,等.雷电先导放电的三维数值模拟与应用[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):430-436.WAN Haojiang,WEI Guanghui,CHEN Qiang,et al.Three-dimensional numerical simulation of lightning discharge and its application[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):430-436.(in Chinese).
[8]任晓毓.闪电先导与地物相互作用的模拟研究[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院,2010.
[9]任晓毓,张义军,吕伟涛,等.雷击建筑物的先导连接过程模拟[J].应用气象学报,2010,21(4):450-458.REN Xiaoyu,ZHANG Yijun,LYU Weitao,et al.Simulation of lightning leaders and connection process with structures[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2010,21(4):450-458.(in Chinese).
[10]禹继,陈绿文,黄智慧,等.超高建筑物雷电先导-连接过程数值模拟[J].广东气象,2011,33(5):42-44.YU Ji,CHEN Lyuwen,HUANG Zhihui,et al.Lightning leader ultra-high buildings-the connection process simulation[J].Guangdong Meteorology,2011,33(5):42-44.(in Chinese).
[11]COORAY V,BECERRA M.Attractive radius and the volume of protection of vertical and horizontal conductors evaluated using a self consistent leader inception and propagation model-SLIM[J].Atmospheric Research,2012,117:64-70.
[12]BERGER K.Methods and results of lighting records at Monte San Salvator from 1963-1971[J].Bull Schueiz Elektrotech,1972(3):21403-21422.
[13]谢施君,何俊佳,陈维江,等.避雷针迎面先导发展物理过程仿真研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(10):32-40.XIE Shijun,HE Junjia,CHEN Weijiang,et al.Simulation study on the development process of the upward leader incepted from lightning rod[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(10):32-40.(in Chinese).
[14]RIZK F A M.A model for switching impulse leader inception and breakdown for long air-gaps[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1989,4(1):596-606.
[15]郄秀书,张其林,袁铁,等.雷电物理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:63-64.
[16]MOUSA A M,SRIVASTAVA K D.The distribution of lightning strokes to towers and along the span of shielded and unshielded power lines[J].Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering,1990,15(3):115-122.