脉冲功率同轴电缆瞬态阻抗特性研究
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摘要
脉冲电源系统通过大功率特种同轴电缆对发射装置进行瞬时脉冲放电,同轴电缆在瞬时脉冲大电流工况下导体存在临近及趋肤效应,电缆阻抗特性发生瞬时变化。为此基于部分元等效电路法建立同轴电缆等效电路模型,分析了同轴电缆的时域和频域的阻抗特性,求解了同轴电缆导体截面电流分布及瞬态电压分布。提出采用频域矢量匹配法对同轴电缆的频域阻抗特性进行拟合,获得同轴电缆的Foster等效电路模型,该模型相对于部分元等效电路模型具有节点、支路少和适用性高的优点。最后,搭建脉冲电源放电试验平台,进行不同电压等级放电试验,获取了同轴电缆瞬态电压曲线,并与仿真结果进行对比,实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性。
The pulse supply system can instantaneously discharge to a transmitting device through a high-power special coaxial cable. The proximity and skin effect exist on the conductor under the condition of instantaneous pulse high current and the cable impedance characteristics instantaneously change. Consequently, we established a transient circuit model of coaxial cable based on partial element equivalent circuit. The impedance characteristics in time domain and frequency domain of coaxial cable were analyzed, and the current distributions and transient voltage distribution were calculated.Moreover, the frequency domain vector fitting method was used to fit the frequency-domain impedance characteristics of coaxial cables. The Foster equivalent circuit model of the coaxial cable was obtained. The model has the advantages of fewer nodes, fewer branches and higher applicability relative to the partial element equivalent circuit model. Finally, a pulse power discharge test platform was set up to conduct discharge tests at different voltage levels. The transient voltage curves of the coaxial cables were obtained and compared with the simulation results. The experimental results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
The pulse supply system can instantaneously discharge to a transmitting device through a high-power special coaxial cable. The proximity and skin effect exist on the conductor under the condition of instantaneous pulse high current and the cable impedance characteristics instantaneously change. Consequently, we established a transient circuit model of coaxial cable based on partial element equivalent circuit. The impedance characteristics in time domain and frequency domain of coaxial cable were analyzed, and the current distributions and transient voltage distribution were calculated.Moreover, the frequency domain vector fitting method was used to fit the frequency-domain impedance characteristics of coaxial cables. The Foster equivalent circuit model of the coaxial cable was obtained. The model has the advantages of fewer nodes, fewer branches and higher applicability relative to the partial element equivalent circuit model. Finally, a pulse power discharge test platform was set up to conduct discharge tests at different voltage levels. The transient voltage curves of the coaxial cables were obtained and compared with the simulation results. The experimental results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
引文
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[18]赵媛,李雨,邓春,等.输电线路杆塔雷电冲击阻抗及等效二端口电路模型分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2911-2916.ZHAO Yuan,LI Yu,DENG Chun,et al.Analysis of lightning surge impedance and two-port circuit model of transmission tower[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2911-2916.
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[2]李白,鲁军勇,谭赛,等.多因素作用下的C形固体电枢优化设计方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(9):1-6.LI Bai,LU Junyong,TAN Sai,et al.Optimal method under the effect of multi-factor for C-shaped solid armature[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(9):1-6.
[3]武晓康,鲁军勇,李玉,等.电磁发射中导轨温度时空分布规律的实验研究[J].高电压技术,2018,44(6):1982-1987.WU Xiaokang,LU Junyong,LI Yu,et al.Experimental study on temporal and spatial distribution of rails temperature in electromagnetic launch[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(6):1982-1987.
[4]李超,鲁军勇,江汉红,等.混合储能中电容器电压精准控制策略研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(7):2231-2235.LI Chao,LU Junyong,JIANG Hanhong,et al.Study on capacitor voltage precise-control strategy of multilevel hybrid energy storage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(7):2231-2235.
[5]吴羿廷,鲁军勇,龙鑫林,等.混合储能电磁发射混合储能系统能量传输速率优化[J].高电压技术:1-7[2019-05-21].https://doi.org/10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20181205008.WU Yiting,LU Junyong,LONG Xinlin,et al.Energy transfer rate optimization of hybrid energy storage system in electromagnetic launch[J].High Voltage Engineering:1-7[2019-05-21].https://doi.org/10.13336/j.1003-6520.hve.20181205008.
[6]SéRGIO L M,BERLEZE,RENêR.Skin and proximity effects in nonmagnetic conductors[J].IEEE Transactions on Education,2003,46(3):368-372.
[7]SHIZHONG M,YEHEA I.Modeling skin and proximity effects with reduced realizable RL circuits[J].IEEE Transactions on Vary Large Scale Intergation Systems,2004,12(4):437-447.
[8]ANTONINI G,RUEHLI A E.Skin-effect model for time and frequency domain PEEC solver[C]∥IEEE International Symposium on Microwave and Electromagnetic Compatibility.[S.l.]:IEEE,2011:254-259.
[9]KAREN M C,RUEHLI A E,ANDREAS C.Enhanced skin effect for partial-element equivalent-circuit(PEEC)models[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave and Techniques,2000,48(9):1435-1442.
[10]XIAO Z,WEIHUA C,ZHENGHE F.Novel SPICE compatible partial-element equivalent-circuit model for 3-D structures[J].IEEETransactions on Microwave and Techniques,2009,57(11):2808-2815.
[11]孟进,马伟明,潘启军,等.基于部分电感模型的回路耦合干扰分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(36):52-56.MENG Jin,MA Weiming,PAN Qijun,et al.Loop coupled EMI analysis based on partial inductance models[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(36):52-56.
[12]曾翔君,陈继明,杨旭,等.基于局部元等效电路原理对混合封装电力电子集成模块内互感耦合的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(7):133-139.ZENG Xiangjun,CHEN Jiming,YANG Xu,et al.Mutual inductance coupling research based on PEEC theory inside hybrid IPEM[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2004,24(7):133-139.
[13]高飞,陈维江,李国富,等.基于完备集合思想的多导体部分电感计算方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,12(5):127-134.GAO Fei,CHEN Weijiang,LI Guofu,et al.Calculating method of multi-conductor partial inductance based on complete set[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,12(5):127-134.
[14]GUSTAVSEN B.Improving the pole relocating properties of vector fitting[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(3):1587-1592.
[15]GUSTAVSEN B.Fast passivity enforcement for pole-residue models by perturbation of residue matrix eigenvalues[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2008,23(4):2278-2285.
[16]DESCHRIJVER D,MROZOWSKI M,DHAENE T,et al.Macromodeling of multiport systems using a fast implementation of the vector fitting method[J].IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,2008,18(6):383-385.
[17]孔繁,盛卫星,韩玉兵,等.基于矢量拟合的过孔等效电路提取方法[J].电波科学学报,2013,28(5):869-876.KONG Fan,SHENG Weixing,HAN Yubing,et al.Equivalent circuit extraction of via on PCB with vector fitting[J].Chinese Journal of Radio Science,2013,28(5):869-876.
[18]赵媛,李雨,邓春,等.输电线路杆塔雷电冲击阻抗及等效二端口电路模型分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2911-2916.ZHAO Yuan,LI Yu,DENG Chun,et al.Analysis of lightning surge impedance and two-port circuit model of transmission tower[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2911-2916.
[19]PAUL C.Inductance loop and partial[M].Hoboken,USA:Wiley-IEEE Press,2009:37-291.
[20]卡兰塔罗夫П.Л,采伊特林Л.A.电感计算手册[M].陈汤铭,刘保安等,译.北京:机械工业出版社,1992:405-430.КалантаровПЛ,ЦейтлинЛA.Inductance calculation handbook[M].CHEN Tangming,LIU Baoan,et al,translated.Beijing,China:China Machine Press,1992:405-430.