噻并噻吩-苯并二噻吩和TPTI共聚物的光伏性能
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摘要
通过Stille聚合反应合成了含有烷基噻并[3,2-b]噻吩修饰的苯并[1,2-b∶4,5-b′]二噻吩(BDT)和五元稠环噻吩[2′,3′∶5,6]吡啶并[3,4-g]噻吩[3,2-c]异喹啉-5,11(4H,10H)-二酮(TPTI)单元D-A型共聚物PTTBDTTPTIC12和PTTBDT-TPTIHD,对比研究发现:通过改变和增加聚合物侧链的形状和大小,可增加聚合物的溶解性,改善器件的溶液加工性.基于倒置型光伏器件的测试结果显示:溶解性好的聚合物PTTBDT-TPTIHD的光伏性能较好,以聚合物PTTBDT-TPTIHD为给体、PC71BM为受体、MoO_3为缓冲层、Ag为阳极制备了本体异质结聚合物太阳能电池,当给受体质量比为1∶1.5时,能量转换效率(PCE)达到了3.09%,其开路电压(VOC)为0.83V;短路电流密度(JSC)为6.98mA·cm~(-2);填充因子(FF)为53.34%.
Two new D-A copolymers,containing thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-benzo[1,2-b∶4,5-b′]dithioph-ene(BDT)and thieno [2′,3′∶5,6]pyrido [3,4-g]-thieno-[3,2-c]-isoquinoline-5,11(4 H,10 H)-dione(TPTI),PTTBDT-TPTIC12 and PTTBDT-TPTIHD,were synthesized by Stille coupling reaction.Contrastive study shows that the solubility of the polymer and the solution processability of the device are improved by changing and increasing the shape and size of the polymers side chains.The test results based on the inverted photovoltaic device show that the polymer PTTBDT-TPTIHD which has a good solubility exhibits better photovoltaic performance.Bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells were prepared with the polymer PTTBDT-TPTIHD being the donor,the PC71 BM being the receptor,MoO_3 being the buffer layer and Ag being the anode electrode.When the mass ratio of the donor and receptor is 1∶1.5,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)reached 3.09%,the open circuit voltage(VOC)is 0.83 V,the shortcircuit current density(JSC) was 6.98 mA·cm~(-2),and the fill factor(FF)is 53.34%.
Two new D-A copolymers,containing thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-benzo[1,2-b∶4,5-b′]dithioph-ene(BDT)and thieno [2′,3′∶5,6]pyrido [3,4-g]-thieno-[3,2-c]-isoquinoline-5,11(4 H,10 H)-dione(TPTI),PTTBDT-TPTIC12 and PTTBDT-TPTIHD,were synthesized by Stille coupling reaction.Contrastive study shows that the solubility of the polymer and the solution processability of the device are improved by changing and increasing the shape and size of the polymers side chains.The test results based on the inverted photovoltaic device show that the polymer PTTBDT-TPTIHD which has a good solubility exhibits better photovoltaic performance.Bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells were prepared with the polymer PTTBDT-TPTIHD being the donor,the PC71 BM being the receptor,MoO_3 being the buffer layer and Ag being the anode electrode.When the mass ratio of the donor and receptor is 1∶1.5,the power conversion efficiency(PCE)reached 3.09%,the open circuit voltage(VOC)is 0.83 V,the shortcircuit current density(JSC) was 6.98 mA·cm~(-2),and the fill factor(FF)is 53.34%.
引文
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[33]李永舫.聚合物太阳能电池高效共轭聚合物给体和富勒烯受体光伏材料[J].高分子通报,2011(10):33-49.
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[3]YU G,GAO J,HUMMELEN J C,et al.Polymer photovoltaic cells:enhanced efficiencies via a network of internal donor acceptor heterojunctions[J].Science,1995,270:1789-1791.
[4]方少明,苏济功,王国浩,等.4,6-2,1,3-苯并噻二唑:一种新的聚合物光电功能材料构筑砌块和多性能调节剂[J].Chin.J.Org.Chem.,2015,35:1565-1569.
[5]GUO P,XIA Y,HUANG F,et al.An alkylthieno-2-yl flanked dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]benzo-[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-based low band gap conjugated polymer for high performance photovoltaic solar cells[J].RSC Adv.,2015,5:12879-12885.
[6]HE Z,XIAO B,LIU F,et al.Single-junction polymer solar cells with highefficiency and photovoltage[J].Nat.Photonics,2015,9:174-179.
[7]ZHAO W,QIAN D,ZHANG S,et al.Fullerene-free polymer solar cells with over 11%efficiency and excellent thermal stability[J].Adv.Mater.,2016,28:4734-4739.
[8]ZhOU H,ZhANG Y,MAI C K,et al.Polymer homotandem solar cells with best efficiency of 11.3%[J].Adv.Mater.,2015,27:1767-1773.
[9]YUSOFF A R M,KIM D,KIM H P,et al.A high efficiency solution processed polymer inverted triple-junction solar cell exhibiting apower conversion efficiency of 11.83%[J].Energy Environ.Sci.,2015,8:303-316.
[10]ZHAO W,LI S,YAO H,et al.Molecular optimization enables over 13%efficiency in organic solar cells[J].J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2017,139:7148-7151.
[11]LIANG Y,XU Z,XIA J,et al.For the bright futurebulk heterojunction polymer solar cells with power conversion efficiency of 7.4%[J].Adv.Mater.,2010,22(20):E135-8.
[12]LIU Y,WAN X,WANG F,et al.High-performance solar cells using a solution-processed small molecule containing benzodithiophene unit[J].Adv.Mater.,2011,23(45):5387-5391.
[13]SHI Q,FAN H,LIU Y,et al.A copolymer of benzodithiophene with TIPS side chains for enhanced photovoltaic performance[J].Macromolecules,2011,44:9173-9179.
[14]WANG J,XIAO M,CHEN W,et al.Extendingπ?conjugation system with benzene:an effective method to improve the properties of benzodithiophene-based polymer for highly efficient organic solar cells[J].Macromolecules,2014,47:7823-7830.
[15]孙景彪,郭鹏智,同军锋.氟对噻并噻吩-苯并二噻吩基共聚物光伏性能的影响[J].广州化工,2017,45(6):96-101.
[16]WANG T,HAN L,WEI H,et al.Influence of aπ?bridge dependent molecular configuration on the optical and electrical characteristics of organic solar cells[J].J.Mater.Chem.A,2016,4(22):8784-8792.
[17]CHEN W,DU Z,HAN L,et al.Efficient polymer solar cells based on a new benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene derivative with fluorinated alkoxyphenyl side chain[J].J.Mater.Chem.A,2015,3:3130-3135.
[18]KIM J H,SONG C E,KIM B,et al.Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-substituted benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]-dithiophene as a promising building block for low bandgap semiconducting polymers for high-performance single and tandem organic photovoltaic cells[J].Chem.Mater.,2014,26:1234-1242.
[19]LI Z,WU F,LV H,et al.Side-chain engineering for enhancing the thermal stability of polymer solar cells[J].Adv.Mater.,2015,27:6999-7003.
[20]CAO J,LIAO Q,DU X,et al.A pentacyclic aromatic lactam building block for efficient polymer solar cells[J].Energy Environ.Sci.,2013,6:3224-3228.
[21]LI H,CAO J,ZHOU Q,et al.High-performanceinvertedPThTPTI:PC71BM solar cells[J].Nano Energy,2015,15:125-134.
[22]曹佳明.含二噻吩稠环单元窄带隙聚合物的设计合成及光伏性能研究[D].湖南:湘潭大学,2012:15-20.
[23]CAO J,CHEN S,QI Z,et al.An efficient selenophene-containing conjugated copolymer for organic solar cells[J].RSC Adv.,2014,4:5085-5087.
[24]徐兴华.烷基噻并噻吩-二噻并苯并二噻吩共轭聚合物的合成与表征[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2016:10-15.
[25]LECLERC N,CHAVEZ P,IBRAIKULOV O A,et al.Impact of backbone fluorination onπ?conjugated polymers in organic photovoltaic devices:a review[J].Polymers,2016,8(11):11.
[26]GUO P,LUO G,SU Q,et al.Boostingup performance of inverted photovoltaic cells frombis(alkylthien-2-yl)dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]benzo[1,2-b:4′,5′-b′]dithiophene-based copolymers by advantageous vertical phase separation[J].ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces,2017,9:10937-10945.
[27]TONG J,AN L,LI J,et al.Large branched alkylthienyl bridged naphtho[1,2-c:5,6-c]-bis[1,2,5]thiadiazolecontaining low bandgap copolymers:Synthesis and photovoltaic application[J].J.Macromol.Sci.A,2017,54:176-185.
[28]ZHANG S,UDDIN M A,ZHAO W,et al.Optimization of side chains in alkylthiothiophene-substitutedbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-basedphotovoltaic polymers[J].Polym.Chem.,2015,6:2752-760.
[29]LIAO Q,CAO J,XIAO Z,et al.Donor-acceptor conjugated polymers based on a pentacyclic aromatic lactam acceptor unit for polymer solar cells[J].Phys.Chem.,2013,15:19990-19993.
[30]ZHOU H,YANG L,STUART A C,et al.Development of fluorinated benzothiadiazole as a structural unit for a polymer solar cell of 7%efficiency[J].Angew.Chem.,2011,123:3051-3054.
[31]FEI Z,BOUFFLET P,WOOD S,et al.Influence of backbone fluorination in regioregular poly(3-alkyl-4-fluoro)-thiophenes[J].J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2015,137:6866-6879.
[32]GUO P,SUN J,SUN S,et al.Effect of alkylthiophene spacers and fluorine on the optoelectronic properties of 5,10-bis(dialkylthien-2-yl)dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]benzo-[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-alt-benzothiadiazole derivative copolymers[J].RSC Adv.,2017,7:22845-22854.
[33]李永舫.聚合物太阳能电池高效共轭聚合物给体和富勒烯受体光伏材料[J].高分子通报,2011(10):33-49.
[34]LIU Y,ZHAO J,LI Z,et al.Aggregation and morphology control enablesmultiple cases of high-efficiency polymer solar cells[J].Nat.Commun.,2014,5(5):5293.