贵州双河洞空气环境主要因子化特征及影响因素分析
|
摘要
洞穴主要空气环境因子是影响洞穴次生沉积物形成及洞穴气候环境变化的重要因素,为进一步揭示其内涵机理,通过2015-2017年对贵州绥阳双河洞系支洞——大风洞14个洞内监测点、2个上覆土壤点进行了为期2个水文年的监测,并运用数理统计等方法对监测数据进行分析,结果表明:双河洞空气环境主要因子(CO_2浓度、温度、相对湿度)均呈现出夏高冬低的季节性变化规律,并且由洞口向洞内,CO_2浓度年内变化幅度逐渐增大,温度、相对湿度则逐渐趋于恒定;受外部气候环境及上覆土壤的影响,洞内次生沉积物溶解沉积效应存在季节性差异;洞道形态及通风效应的差异增加了洞穴空气环境变化空间上的复杂性;旅游活动和呼吸作用在不同的程度上对洞穴空气环境的瞬时水平产生影响。
This study deals with the relationship between cave air environment characterization and the leading factors,which is an important issue in change of speleothems and in cave climate change estimations.The study focused on a twoyear monitoring and data analysis of main cave air environment in Dafeng Cave,a tributary cave of Shuanghe Cave in Suiyang County,Guizhou Province,during 2015-2017,including 14 cave sites and 2 adjacent karst soils.Calculations of this monitoring data indicated that carbon dioxide concentration,air temperature,and humidity in the main passage varies seasonally.From the opening to the cave,the variation of CO_2 concentration gradually increased,and the change range of temperature and relative humidity gradually stabilized.Affecting not only by the external climatic conditions,but also by the overlying soils,different cave patterns and varied ventilation patterns increase the spatial complexity of cave climate change.Tourism activities and breathing,anthropogenic activity also affect the instantaneous level of cave air environment.
This study deals with the relationship between cave air environment characterization and the leading factors,which is an important issue in change of speleothems and in cave climate change estimations.The study focused on a twoyear monitoring and data analysis of main cave air environment in Dafeng Cave,a tributary cave of Shuanghe Cave in Suiyang County,Guizhou Province,during 2015-2017,including 14 cave sites and 2 adjacent karst soils.Calculations of this monitoring data indicated that carbon dioxide concentration,air temperature,and humidity in the main passage varies seasonally.From the opening to the cave,the variation of CO_2 concentration gradually increased,and the change range of temperature and relative humidity gradually stabilized.Affecting not only by the external climatic conditions,but also by the overlying soils,different cave patterns and varied ventilation patterns increase the spatial complexity of cave climate change.Tourism activities and breathing,anthropogenic activity also affect the instantaneous level of cave air environment.
引文
[1]曹建华,蒋忠诚,袁道先,等.岩溶动力系统与全球变化研究进展[J].中国地质, 2017,44(5):874-900.Cao Jianhua, Jiang Zhongcheng, Yuan Daoxian, et al. The progress in the study of the karst dynamic system and global changes in the past 30 years[J]. Geology in China, 2017,44(5):874-900.
[2]谭明,侯居峙,程海.定量重建气候历史的石笋年层方法[J].第四纪研究, 2002,22(3):209-219.Tan Ming, Hou Juzhi, Cheng Hai. Methodology of quantitatively reconstructing paleoclimate from annual laminated stalagmites[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2002,22(3):209-219.
[3]张美良,朱晓燕,吴夏,等.地下河水人工补给洞穴滴水、碳酸盐(钙)沉积特征及景观恢复探讨[J].中国岩溶, 2015,34(1):17-26.Zhang Meiliang, Zhu Xiaoyan, Wu Xia, et al. Characteristics of cave drip water and modern carbonate(CaCO3)deposits caused by underground river artificial and landscape restoration[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2015,34(1):17-26.
[4]吴夏,潘谋成,曹建华,等.广西桂林凉风洞秋冬季滴水和沉积物氧同位素对极端降水的记录研究[J].地球学报, 2018,39(1):53-61.Wu Xia, Pan Moucheng, Cao Jianhua, et al. Effect of extreme precipitation on stable isotope compositions of drip water and sediments during autumn and winter at Liangfeng Cave in Guilin, Guangxi[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2018,39(1):53-61.
[5]袁道先,蒋勇军,沈立成,等.现代岩溶学[M].北京:科学出版社, 2016:89-90.Yuan Daoxian, Jiang Yongjun, Shen Licheng, et al. Modern Karstification[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2016:89-90.
[6] Cuthbert M O, Rau G C, Andersen M S, et al. Evaporative cooling of speleothem drip water[J]. Scientific Reports,2014,4(7503):5162.
[7]周运超,王世杰,谢兴能,等.贵州4个洞穴点滴水对大气降雨响应的动力学及其意义[J].科学通报, 2004,49(21):2220-2227.
[8] Haryono E, Danardono D, Mulatsih S, et al. The nature of carbon flux in Gunungsewu Karst, Java-Indonesia[J]. Acta Carsologica, 2016,45(2):173-185.
[9]张结,周忠发,潘艳喜,等.织金洞土壤渗透水—洞穴滴水元素的时空变化特征[J].水土保持研究, 2017,24(4):355-361.Zhang Jie, Zhou Zhongfa, Pan Yanxi, et al. Spatiotemporal variation characteristics and environmental significance of soil water infiltration and elements in water drip in Zhijin Cave[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017,24(4):355-361.
[10] Sánchez Ca?ete E P, Serrano Ortiz P, Domingo F, et al.Cave ventilation is influenced by variations in the CO2dependent virtual temperature[J]. International Journal of Speleology, 2013,42(1):1-8.
[11]陈琳,黄嘉仪,刘淑华,等.广东英德宝晶宫洞穴微环境时空变化特征及其主要影响因素探究[J].地球与环境, 2017,45(2):164-170.Chen Ling, Huang Jiayi, Liu Shuhua, et al. Spatial and temporal variation of environments of Baojinggong Cave,Guangdong Province and its influencing factors[J]. Earth and Environment, 2017,45(2):164-170.
[12]张萍,杨琰,孙喆,等.河南鸡冠洞CO2季节和昼夜变化特征及影响因子比较[J].环境科学, 2017,38(1):60-69.Zhang Ping, Yang Yan, Sun Zhe, et al. Comparisons between seasonal and diurnal patterns of cave air CO2and control factors in Jiguan Cave, Henan Province[J]. Environmental Science, 2017,38(1):60-69.
[13] Cai B G, Shen L M, Zheng W, et al. Spatial distribution and diurnal variation in CO2concentration, temperature and relative humidity of the cave air:a case study from Water Cave,Benxi, Liaoning, China[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2009,28(4):348-354.
[14] Maleki A, Soltani P K. Tourists and their role in microclimatic changes inside the caves case study:Ali Sadr Cave(Hamedan, Iran)[J]. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 2015,6(3):535-541.
[15]潘艳喜,周忠发,张结,等.喀斯特旅游洞穴微气候环境要素时空分布特征及影响因素:以贵州织金洞为例[J].科学技术与工程, 2018,18(10):20-30.Pan Yanxi, Zhou Zhongfa, Zhang Jie, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of microclimate environmental elements in karst tourism caves:a case study of Zhijin Cave in Guizhou Province[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2018,18(10):20-30.
[16] Faimon Jirí, LicbinskáMonika, Zajícek Petr. Relationship between carbon dioxide in Balcarka Cave and adjacent soils in the Moravian Karst region of the Czech Republic[J]. International Journal of Speleology, 2012,41(1):17-28.
[17]韦跃龙,陈伟海,罗劬侃.洞穴次生化学沉积物与地质背景及洞穴环境的耦合关系[J].地理学报, 2016,71(9):1528-1543.Wei Yuelong, Chen Weihai, Luo Qukan. Coupling relationship among speleothems, geological background and cave environment[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016,71(9):1528-1543.
[18] Milanolo S, Gabrov?ek F. Analysis of carbon dioxide variations in the atmosphere of Srednja Bijambarska Cave, Bosnia and Herzegovina[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorol, 2009,131:479-493.
[19]潘艳喜,周忠发,李坡,等.旅游洞穴空气环境时空变化特征及其影响因素:以贵州省绥阳大风洞为例[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(4):425-431.Pan Yanxi, Zhou Zhongfa, Li Po, et al. Characteristics of spatial temporal variation of air environment in tourism cave and its cause analysis:a case study of Dafeng Cave in Suiyang County,Guizhou Province[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2016,35(4):425-431.
[20]贺卫,李坡,车家骧.刍议双河洞穴系统主要形成特征及演化[J].贵州科学, 2001,19(1):71-76.
[21]袁道先.中国岩溶动力系统[M].北京:地质出版社, 2002:62-108.
[22]贺卫,李坡,钱治,等.双河洞地质公园研究[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社, 2008:21-45.He Wei, Li Po, Qian Zhi, et al. Study on Shuanghe Cave Geopark[M]. Guiyang:Guizhou People's Publishing House,2008:21-45.
[23]韦跃龙,陈伟海,罗劬侃,等.洞穴呼吸及其影响因素[J].地质科技情报, 2017,36(4):82-94.Wei Yuelong, Chen Weihai, Luo Qukan, et al. Cave respiration and its impacting factors[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2017,36(4):82-94.
[24] Freitas C R, Littlbjohn R N, Clarkson T S, et al. Cave climate:assessment of airflow and ventilation[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 1982,2(4):383-397.
[25]郝玉培,章程,汪进良,等.秋冬之交雪玉洞p(CO2)突变的高分辨率监测与分析[J].环境科学与技术, 2018,41(1):134-142.Hao Yupei, Zhang Cheng, Wang Jinliang, et al. High-resolution monitoring and analysis of the abrupt change of p(CO2)in Xueyu Cave around the end of autumn[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2018,41(1):134-142.
[26] Ek C, Godissart J. Carbon dioxide in cave air and soil air in some karstic areas of Belgium:a prospective view[J]. Geologica Belgica, 2014,17(1):102-106.
[27]周忠发,田涟祎,殷超,等.人为干预下喀斯特峰丛盆地区不同土地利用类型的土壤理化性质[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2017,35(4):1-6.Zhou Zhongfa, Tian Lianyi, Yin Chao, et al. The impact of human intervention in karst peak cluster area in different land use types on soil physicochemical properties[J]. Journal of Guizhou Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2017,35(4):1-6.
[28]曹明达,周忠发,张结,等.白云岩洞穴系统中水-气CO2分压对洞穴水水文化学过程的影响:以贵州双河洞为例[J].环境科学与技术, 2017,40(3):54-60.Cao Mingda, Zhou Zhongfa, Zhang Jie, et al. Effects of partial pressure of CO2of water/gas on hydro-chemical process of cave water:a case study in dolomite cave system of Shuanghe Cave in Guizhou Province[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2017,40(3):54-60.
[29] Lang M, Faimon J, Pracny′P, et al. A show cave management:anthropogenic CO2, in atmosphere of Vy′pustek Cave(Moravian Karst, Czech Republic)[J]. Journal for Nature Conservation, 2017,35:40-52.
[2]谭明,侯居峙,程海.定量重建气候历史的石笋年层方法[J].第四纪研究, 2002,22(3):209-219.Tan Ming, Hou Juzhi, Cheng Hai. Methodology of quantitatively reconstructing paleoclimate from annual laminated stalagmites[J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2002,22(3):209-219.
[3]张美良,朱晓燕,吴夏,等.地下河水人工补给洞穴滴水、碳酸盐(钙)沉积特征及景观恢复探讨[J].中国岩溶, 2015,34(1):17-26.Zhang Meiliang, Zhu Xiaoyan, Wu Xia, et al. Characteristics of cave drip water and modern carbonate(CaCO3)deposits caused by underground river artificial and landscape restoration[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2015,34(1):17-26.
[4]吴夏,潘谋成,曹建华,等.广西桂林凉风洞秋冬季滴水和沉积物氧同位素对极端降水的记录研究[J].地球学报, 2018,39(1):53-61.Wu Xia, Pan Moucheng, Cao Jianhua, et al. Effect of extreme precipitation on stable isotope compositions of drip water and sediments during autumn and winter at Liangfeng Cave in Guilin, Guangxi[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2018,39(1):53-61.
[5]袁道先,蒋勇军,沈立成,等.现代岩溶学[M].北京:科学出版社, 2016:89-90.Yuan Daoxian, Jiang Yongjun, Shen Licheng, et al. Modern Karstification[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2016:89-90.
[6] Cuthbert M O, Rau G C, Andersen M S, et al. Evaporative cooling of speleothem drip water[J]. Scientific Reports,2014,4(7503):5162.
[7]周运超,王世杰,谢兴能,等.贵州4个洞穴点滴水对大气降雨响应的动力学及其意义[J].科学通报, 2004,49(21):2220-2227.
[8] Haryono E, Danardono D, Mulatsih S, et al. The nature of carbon flux in Gunungsewu Karst, Java-Indonesia[J]. Acta Carsologica, 2016,45(2):173-185.
[9]张结,周忠发,潘艳喜,等.织金洞土壤渗透水—洞穴滴水元素的时空变化特征[J].水土保持研究, 2017,24(4):355-361.Zhang Jie, Zhou Zhongfa, Pan Yanxi, et al. Spatiotemporal variation characteristics and environmental significance of soil water infiltration and elements in water drip in Zhijin Cave[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017,24(4):355-361.
[10] Sánchez Ca?ete E P, Serrano Ortiz P, Domingo F, et al.Cave ventilation is influenced by variations in the CO2dependent virtual temperature[J]. International Journal of Speleology, 2013,42(1):1-8.
[11]陈琳,黄嘉仪,刘淑华,等.广东英德宝晶宫洞穴微环境时空变化特征及其主要影响因素探究[J].地球与环境, 2017,45(2):164-170.Chen Ling, Huang Jiayi, Liu Shuhua, et al. Spatial and temporal variation of environments of Baojinggong Cave,Guangdong Province and its influencing factors[J]. Earth and Environment, 2017,45(2):164-170.
[12]张萍,杨琰,孙喆,等.河南鸡冠洞CO2季节和昼夜变化特征及影响因子比较[J].环境科学, 2017,38(1):60-69.Zhang Ping, Yang Yan, Sun Zhe, et al. Comparisons between seasonal and diurnal patterns of cave air CO2and control factors in Jiguan Cave, Henan Province[J]. Environmental Science, 2017,38(1):60-69.
[13] Cai B G, Shen L M, Zheng W, et al. Spatial distribution and diurnal variation in CO2concentration, temperature and relative humidity of the cave air:a case study from Water Cave,Benxi, Liaoning, China[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2009,28(4):348-354.
[14] Maleki A, Soltani P K. Tourists and their role in microclimatic changes inside the caves case study:Ali Sadr Cave(Hamedan, Iran)[J]. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 2015,6(3):535-541.
[15]潘艳喜,周忠发,张结,等.喀斯特旅游洞穴微气候环境要素时空分布特征及影响因素:以贵州织金洞为例[J].科学技术与工程, 2018,18(10):20-30.Pan Yanxi, Zhou Zhongfa, Zhang Jie, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of microclimate environmental elements in karst tourism caves:a case study of Zhijin Cave in Guizhou Province[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2018,18(10):20-30.
[16] Faimon Jirí, LicbinskáMonika, Zajícek Petr. Relationship between carbon dioxide in Balcarka Cave and adjacent soils in the Moravian Karst region of the Czech Republic[J]. International Journal of Speleology, 2012,41(1):17-28.
[17]韦跃龙,陈伟海,罗劬侃.洞穴次生化学沉积物与地质背景及洞穴环境的耦合关系[J].地理学报, 2016,71(9):1528-1543.Wei Yuelong, Chen Weihai, Luo Qukan. Coupling relationship among speleothems, geological background and cave environment[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016,71(9):1528-1543.
[18] Milanolo S, Gabrov?ek F. Analysis of carbon dioxide variations in the atmosphere of Srednja Bijambarska Cave, Bosnia and Herzegovina[J]. Boundary-Layer Meteorol, 2009,131:479-493.
[19]潘艳喜,周忠发,李坡,等.旅游洞穴空气环境时空变化特征及其影响因素:以贵州省绥阳大风洞为例[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(4):425-431.Pan Yanxi, Zhou Zhongfa, Li Po, et al. Characteristics of spatial temporal variation of air environment in tourism cave and its cause analysis:a case study of Dafeng Cave in Suiyang County,Guizhou Province[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2016,35(4):425-431.
[20]贺卫,李坡,车家骧.刍议双河洞穴系统主要形成特征及演化[J].贵州科学, 2001,19(1):71-76.
[21]袁道先.中国岩溶动力系统[M].北京:地质出版社, 2002:62-108.
[22]贺卫,李坡,钱治,等.双河洞地质公园研究[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社, 2008:21-45.He Wei, Li Po, Qian Zhi, et al. Study on Shuanghe Cave Geopark[M]. Guiyang:Guizhou People's Publishing House,2008:21-45.
[23]韦跃龙,陈伟海,罗劬侃,等.洞穴呼吸及其影响因素[J].地质科技情报, 2017,36(4):82-94.Wei Yuelong, Chen Weihai, Luo Qukan, et al. Cave respiration and its impacting factors[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2017,36(4):82-94.
[24] Freitas C R, Littlbjohn R N, Clarkson T S, et al. Cave climate:assessment of airflow and ventilation[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 1982,2(4):383-397.
[25]郝玉培,章程,汪进良,等.秋冬之交雪玉洞p(CO2)突变的高分辨率监测与分析[J].环境科学与技术, 2018,41(1):134-142.Hao Yupei, Zhang Cheng, Wang Jinliang, et al. High-resolution monitoring and analysis of the abrupt change of p(CO2)in Xueyu Cave around the end of autumn[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2018,41(1):134-142.
[26] Ek C, Godissart J. Carbon dioxide in cave air and soil air in some karstic areas of Belgium:a prospective view[J]. Geologica Belgica, 2014,17(1):102-106.
[27]周忠发,田涟祎,殷超,等.人为干预下喀斯特峰丛盆地区不同土地利用类型的土壤理化性质[J].贵州师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2017,35(4):1-6.Zhou Zhongfa, Tian Lianyi, Yin Chao, et al. The impact of human intervention in karst peak cluster area in different land use types on soil physicochemical properties[J]. Journal of Guizhou Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2017,35(4):1-6.
[28]曹明达,周忠发,张结,等.白云岩洞穴系统中水-气CO2分压对洞穴水水文化学过程的影响:以贵州双河洞为例[J].环境科学与技术, 2017,40(3):54-60.Cao Mingda, Zhou Zhongfa, Zhang Jie, et al. Effects of partial pressure of CO2of water/gas on hydro-chemical process of cave water:a case study in dolomite cave system of Shuanghe Cave in Guizhou Province[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2017,40(3):54-60.
[29] Lang M, Faimon J, Pracny′P, et al. A show cave management:anthropogenic CO2, in atmosphere of Vy′pustek Cave(Moravian Karst, Czech Republic)[J]. Journal for Nature Conservation, 2017,35:40-52.