黄淮海地区大豆光合特性及高光效种质筛选
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摘要
本文旨在研究黄淮海大豆种质资源的光合气体交换特性,从中筛选高光效种质,为培育大豆高光效品种奠定基础。在大田条件下,以150份来自黄淮海地区的大豆种质资源为试材,利用LI-6400便携式光合仪测定其盛花期的光合气体交换参数,包括叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度、蒸腾速率、叶片饱和水汽压亏缺、蒸腾效率以及叶片瞬时水分利用效率。结果表明,150份大豆种质光合气体交换参数间存在较大差异。7个参数的变异系数范围为5.54%~29.56%,其中,蒸腾效率变异系数最高,胞间CO_2浓度最低。净光合速率与气孔导度、叶片瞬时水分利用效率呈显著正相关,与叶片饱和水汽压亏缺呈显著负相关;利用主成分分析选出3个主成分(气孔因子、水分因子、光合因子),方差累积贡献率达93.64%。聚类分析将150份大豆种质划分为12个类群,其中第Ⅱ类群包括23份大豆种质,表现高气孔导度、高水分利用率和高光合效率。因此第Ⅱ类群可作为适合育种需要的高光效大豆种质。
To breed soybean varieties with high light efficiency,photosynthetic characteristics of soybean germplasm resources in Huanghuaihai region were studied and the high photosynthetic germplasms were screened.The photosynthetic parameters of 150 soybean germplasms at full-bloom stage were determined by LI-6400 portable photosynthesis apparatus,including net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Cs),internal CO_2 concentration(Ci),transpiration rate(Tr),leaf saturated vapor pressure deficit(VPDL),transpiration efficiency(TE) and leaf instantaneous water use efficiency(WUE).Results showed that there were significant differences in photosynthetic gas exchange parameters.The coefficient of variation of parameters was 5.54%-29.56%,among which the coefficient of variation of TE was the highest and the coefficient of variation of Ci was the lowest.Pn had significant positive correlations with Cs and WUE,and had a negative correlation with VPDL.Three main components(stomatal factor,water factor and photosynthetic factor) were selected by principal component analysis,and the contribution rate of variance was 93.64%.Cluster analysis of 150 soybean germplasm was divided into 12 groups,of which the second group included 23 soybean germplasm which had high stomatal conductance,high water use efficiency and high photosynthetic efficiency.Therefore,Group Ⅱ could be used as a suitable high-efficiency soybean germplasm.
To breed soybean varieties with high light efficiency,photosynthetic characteristics of soybean germplasm resources in Huanghuaihai region were studied and the high photosynthetic germplasms were screened.The photosynthetic parameters of 150 soybean germplasms at full-bloom stage were determined by LI-6400 portable photosynthesis apparatus,including net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Cs),internal CO_2 concentration(Ci),transpiration rate(Tr),leaf saturated vapor pressure deficit(VPDL),transpiration efficiency(TE) and leaf instantaneous water use efficiency(WUE).Results showed that there were significant differences in photosynthetic gas exchange parameters.The coefficient of variation of parameters was 5.54%-29.56%,among which the coefficient of variation of TE was the highest and the coefficient of variation of Ci was the lowest.Pn had significant positive correlations with Cs and WUE,and had a negative correlation with VPDL.Three main components(stomatal factor,water factor and photosynthetic factor) were selected by principal component analysis,and the contribution rate of variance was 93.64%.Cluster analysis of 150 soybean germplasm was divided into 12 groups,of which the second group included 23 soybean germplasm which had high stomatal conductance,high water use efficiency and high photosynthetic efficiency.Therefore,Group Ⅱ could be used as a suitable high-efficiency soybean germplasm.
引文
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[22]栾晓燕,陈怡,杜维广,等.超高产、抗病、广适应性大豆黑农51的选育研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012(10):8-12.
[23]徐超华,李纯佳,陆鑫,等.甘蔗近缘种蔗茅(Erianthus fulvus)光合气体交换特性的差异分析[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(15):2 909-2 920.
[24]张贵合,郭华春.马铃薯不同品种(系)的光合特性比较与聚类分析[J].作物学报,2017,43(7):1 067-1 076.
[25]罗亚勇,赵学勇,黄迎新,等.植物水分利用效率及其测定方法研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(4):648-655.
[26]程建峰,沈允钢.作物高光效之管见[J].作物学报,2010,36(8):1 235-1 247.
[27]Zhang M Q,Chen R K,Luo J,et al.Analyses for inheritance and combining ability of photochemical activities measured by chlorophyll fluorescence in the segregating gencration of sugarcane[J].Field Crop Res,2000,65(1):31-39.
[28]王勤南,陈俊吕,张伟,等.甘蔗细茎野生种质资源叶绿素荧光特性比较及聚类分析[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(5):19-25.
[29]吕川根,李霞,陈国祥.超级杂交稻两优培九高产的光合特性及其生理基础[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(21):4 055-4 070.
[2]Calvin M.Photosynthesis as a resource for energy and materials[J].Am Sci,1976,23(6):425-444.
[3]Zelitch I.The close relationship between net photosynthesis and crop yield[J].Bio Science,1982,32:796-802.
[4]郭小强,赵明.不同玉米自交系光合特性的研究[J].玉米科学,1997,5(3):46-49.
[5]赵明,王树安,王美云,等.我国常用玉米自交系光合特性的聚类分析[J].作物学报,1999,25:733-741.
[6]Sinclair T R,Sheehy J E.Erect leaves and photosynthesis in rice[J].Science,1999,283:1 456-1 457.
[7]李霞,严建民,季本华,等.光氧化和遮荫条件下水稻的光合生理特性的品种差异[J].作物学报,1999,25(3):301-308.
[8]翟虎渠,曹树青,唐运来,等.籼型杂交水稻光合性状的配合力及遗传力分析[J].作物学报,2002,28(2):154-160.
[9]许大全,薛德林.大豆叶片的一些光合特性[J].植物生理学通讯,1985(6):34-37.
[10]张贤泽,马占峰,赵淑文,等.大豆不同品种光合速率与产量关系的研究[J].作物学报,1986,12(1):45-48.
[11]李卫华,卢庆陶,郝乃斌,等.高产大豆品种的高光效特性[J].生物物理学报,2000,16(2):421-426.
[12]张伟,宋显军,谢甫绨,等.不同大豆品种光合特性的比较[J].大豆科学,2008,27(3):391-396.
[13]王惠群,萧浪涛,杨艳丽,等.不同加工型马铃薯品种光合特性的比较[J].中国马铃薯,2005,19(6):335-339.
[14]吕建林,陈如凯,张木清,等.甘蔗Fl代光合特性[J].甘蔗,1998,5(2):1-5.
[15]高三基,陈如凯,张木清,等.甘蔗有性世代单叶净光合速率的遗传变异性[J].福建农业大学学报,1999,28(1):8-11.
[16]吕建林,陈如凯,张木清,等.甘蔗光合性状的遗传分析和高光效亲本评价研究[J].中国农业科学,2000,33(6):95-97.
[17]罗俊,张华,徐良年,等.甘蔗不同品种光合特性比较及其聚类分析[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(8):1 562-1 569.
[18]栾晓燕,杜维广,满为群,等.黑龙江省1986-2000年大豆育种研究成就与展望[J].大豆科学,2004,23(2):134-142.
[19]杜维广,张桂茹,满为群,等.大豆高光效品种(种质)选育及高光效育种再探讨[J].大豆科学,2001,20(2):110-115.
[20]Hao N B,Du W G,Ge Q Y,et al.Progress in the breeding of soybean for high photosynthetic efficiency[J].Acta Bot Sinica,2002,44(3):253-258.
[21]杜维广,陈怡,张桂茹,等.高脂肪和高光效的高产稳产抗病大豆新品种黑农41选育与推广[J].黑龙江农业科学,2003(1):1-4.
[22]栾晓燕,陈怡,杜维广,等.超高产、抗病、广适应性大豆黑农51的选育研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2012(10):8-12.
[23]徐超华,李纯佳,陆鑫,等.甘蔗近缘种蔗茅(Erianthus fulvus)光合气体交换特性的差异分析[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(15):2 909-2 920.
[24]张贵合,郭华春.马铃薯不同品种(系)的光合特性比较与聚类分析[J].作物学报,2017,43(7):1 067-1 076.
[25]罗亚勇,赵学勇,黄迎新,等.植物水分利用效率及其测定方法研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(4):648-655.
[26]程建峰,沈允钢.作物高光效之管见[J].作物学报,2010,36(8):1 235-1 247.
[27]Zhang M Q,Chen R K,Luo J,et al.Analyses for inheritance and combining ability of photochemical activities measured by chlorophyll fluorescence in the segregating gencration of sugarcane[J].Field Crop Res,2000,65(1):31-39.
[28]王勤南,陈俊吕,张伟,等.甘蔗细茎野生种质资源叶绿素荧光特性比较及聚类分析[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(5):19-25.
[29]吕川根,李霞,陈国祥.超级杂交稻两优培九高产的光合特性及其生理基础[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(21):4 055-4 070.