硅基光子交换芯片的路由控制与性能测试
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摘要
设计了电压输出范围分别是0~10V和0~2V、调节精度为10mV的可扩展热控电路和电控电路,用于实现16×16光子集成芯片的工艺误差补偿和光开关切换。描述了由硅(Si)基马赫-曾德尔(MZI)光开关单元组成的16×16光子集成芯片控制过程,提出了基于光开关传输性能的改进环路路由算法,此算法适用于光开关性能劣化或局部出现故障的情形。搭建了运行有改进路由算法的光交换芯片测试系统,实验结果表明,芯片模块的插入损耗小于33dB,串扰小于-10dB,能够实现无误码传输要求。
The large-scale extensible thermo-optic and electro-optic controlling circuits with the output voltage ranges of 0-10 Vand 0-2V(tuning resolution of 10mV)are designed respectively,in order to compensate for the fabrication error and drive the optical switch elements of 16×16integrated optical switching chip.We describe the control process of the 16×16integrated optical switching chip,which is composed of Mach-Zehnder interference(MZI)switch elements.A modified looping algorithm to route data based on the optical switching performance is proposed,which can be applied for the cases with deterioration or partial failure of the switching elements.We set up the test platform for the silicon-based integrated photonic switching chip with the modified looping algorithm,and the measured results show that the insertion loss and crosstalk of the chip module are below 33 dB and-10 dB,respectively,which meet the requirement for error-free transmission in optical communication system.
The large-scale extensible thermo-optic and electro-optic controlling circuits with the output voltage ranges of 0-10 Vand 0-2V(tuning resolution of 10mV)are designed respectively,in order to compensate for the fabrication error and drive the optical switch elements of 16×16integrated optical switching chip.We describe the control process of the 16×16integrated optical switching chip,which is composed of Mach-Zehnder interference(MZI)switch elements.A modified looping algorithm to route data based on the optical switching performance is proposed,which can be applied for the cases with deterioration or partial failure of the switching elements.We set up the test platform for the silicon-based integrated photonic switching chip with the modified looping algorithm,and the measured results show that the insertion loss and crosstalk of the chip module are below 33 dB and-10 dB,respectively,which meet the requirement for error-free transmission in optical communication system.
引文
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[11]ZHOU Heng,LIAO Ming-le,HUANG Shu-wei,et al.Sixwave mixing induced by free-carrier plasma in silicon nanowire waveguides[J].Laser&Photonics Reviews,2016,10(6):1054-1061.
[12]YANG Jian,CHEN Wei-wei,WANG Wan-jun,et al.A4×4MMI-MZ optical switch matrix on SOI based on carrier injection[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser,2013,24(1):16-20.杨健,陈伟伟,王皖君,等.基于载流子注入的SOI 4×4MMI-MZ光开关阵列[J].光电子·激光,2013,24(1):16-20.
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[14]Benjamin G Lee,Alexander V Rylyakov,William M J Green,et al.Monolithic silicon integration of scaled photonic switch fabrics,CMOS logic,and device driver circuits[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2014,32(4):743-751.
[15]XING Jie-jiang,LI Zhi-yong,ZHOU Pei-ji,et al.Nonblocking 4×4 silicon electro-optic switch matrix with push-pull drive[J].Optics Letters,2013,38(19):3926-3929.
[16]LU Liang-jun,ZHOU Lin-jie,LI Shu-lin,et al.4×4 nonblocking silicon thermo-optic switches based on multimode interferometers[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2015,33(4):857-864.
[17]LIAO Ming-le,WU Bao-jian,HUANG Wei,et al.Synchronous driving scheme for silicon-based optical switches to critically compensate for thermo-optic effect in carrier injection[J].Applied Optics,2017,56(2):205-210.
[18]XU Guo-hua,HUN Bing-feng,CUI Yi-ping.Polymer 1×32waveguide thremo-optical switch array[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser,2015,26(10):1873-1877.胡国华,恽斌峰,崔一平.有机聚合物1×32波导热开关阵列[J].光电子·激光,2015,26(10):1873-1877.
[19]Subbaraman Harish,XU Xiao-chuan,Hosseini Amir,et al.Recent advances in silicon-based passive and active optical interconnects[J].Optics Express,2015,23(3):2487-2511.
[20]LU Liang-jun,ZHAO Shuo-yi,ZHOU Lin-jie,et al.16×16non-blocking silicon optical switch based on electro-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometers[J].Optics Express,2016,24(9):9295-9307.
[21]Narraway J J,Venkatesan R.Fault diagnosis in Benes switching networks[J].IEE Proceedings E-Computers and Digital Techniques,1987,134(2):78-86.
[22]Das Nabanita,Dattagupta Jayasree.Fault identification and routing in Benes networks[J].Journal of systems architecture,1996,42(1):67-81.
[23]Andresen S.The looping algorithm extended to base 2t rearrangeable switching networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,1977,25(10):1057-1063.
[24]Yuen P H,Chen L K.Optimization of microring-based interconnection by leveraging the asymmetric behaviors of switching elements[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2013,31(10):1585-1592.
[2]Suzuki Keijiro,Tanizawa Ken,Suda Satoshi,et al.Broadband silicon photonics 8×8 switch based on doubleMach-Zehnder element switches[J].Optics Express,2017,25(7):7538-7546.
[3]LEI Qiao,TANG Wei-jie,CHU Tao.Ultra-large-scale silicon optical switches[A].Proc.of Group IV Photonics(GFP),2016IEEE13th International Conference on.IEEE[C].2016,1-2.
[4]MA Bei-jiao,ZHANG Pei-qing,CHEN Fei-fei,et al.Research on chalcogenide glass ultrafast photonic crystal optical switching[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser,2016,27(4):359-365.马蓓娇,张培晴,陈飞飞,等.硫系玻璃超快光子晶体光开关特性研究[J].光电子·激光,2016,27(4):359-365.
[5]Suzuki Keijiro,Tanizawa Ken,Suda Satoshi,et al.Broadband silicon photonics 8×8 switch based on doubleMach-Zehnder element switches[J].Optics Express,2017,25(7):7538-7546.
[6]Alexander V Rylyakov,Clint L Schow,Benjamin G Lee,et al.Silicon photonic switches hybrid-integrated with CMOS drivers[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2012,47(1):345-354.
[7]XU Tang,LIU Ru-jun,WANG Shen,et al.Experimental study of bistable all-optical switching based on diarylethene film[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser,2016,27(1):1-5.许棠,刘如军,王胜,等.二芳基乙烯薄膜双稳态全光开关的实验研究[J].光电子·激光,2016,27(1):1-5.
[8]Chen Sun,Mark T Wade,Yunsup Lee,et al.Single-chip microprocessor that communicates directly using light[J].Nature,2015,528(7583):534-538.
[9]DONG Po,LIAO Shi-rong,LIANG Hong,et al.Submilliwatt,ultrafast and broadband electro-optic silicon switches[J].Optics Express,2010,18(24):25225-25231.
[10]CHU Tao,QIAO Lei,TANG Wei-jie.High-speed 8×8 electro-optic switch matrix based on silicon PIN structure waveguides[A].Proc.of 12th International Conference on Group IV Photonics(GFP)[C].2015,123-124.
[11]ZHOU Heng,LIAO Ming-le,HUANG Shu-wei,et al.Sixwave mixing induced by free-carrier plasma in silicon nanowire waveguides[J].Laser&Photonics Reviews,2016,10(6):1054-1061.
[12]YANG Jian,CHEN Wei-wei,WANG Wan-jun,et al.A4×4MMI-MZ optical switch matrix on SOI based on carrier injection[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser,2013,24(1):16-20.杨健,陈伟伟,王皖君,等.基于载流子注入的SOI 4×4MMI-MZ光开关阵列[J].光电子·激光,2013,24(1):16-20.
[13]Yang M,Green W M J,Assefa S,et al.Non-blocking 4×4electro-optic silicon switch for on-chip photonic networks[J].Optics Express,2011,19(1):47-54.
[14]Benjamin G Lee,Alexander V Rylyakov,William M J Green,et al.Monolithic silicon integration of scaled photonic switch fabrics,CMOS logic,and device driver circuits[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2014,32(4):743-751.
[15]XING Jie-jiang,LI Zhi-yong,ZHOU Pei-ji,et al.Nonblocking 4×4 silicon electro-optic switch matrix with push-pull drive[J].Optics Letters,2013,38(19):3926-3929.
[16]LU Liang-jun,ZHOU Lin-jie,LI Shu-lin,et al.4×4 nonblocking silicon thermo-optic switches based on multimode interferometers[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2015,33(4):857-864.
[17]LIAO Ming-le,WU Bao-jian,HUANG Wei,et al.Synchronous driving scheme for silicon-based optical switches to critically compensate for thermo-optic effect in carrier injection[J].Applied Optics,2017,56(2):205-210.
[18]XU Guo-hua,HUN Bing-feng,CUI Yi-ping.Polymer 1×32waveguide thremo-optical switch array[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser,2015,26(10):1873-1877.胡国华,恽斌峰,崔一平.有机聚合物1×32波导热开关阵列[J].光电子·激光,2015,26(10):1873-1877.
[19]Subbaraman Harish,XU Xiao-chuan,Hosseini Amir,et al.Recent advances in silicon-based passive and active optical interconnects[J].Optics Express,2015,23(3):2487-2511.
[20]LU Liang-jun,ZHAO Shuo-yi,ZHOU Lin-jie,et al.16×16non-blocking silicon optical switch based on electro-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometers[J].Optics Express,2016,24(9):9295-9307.
[21]Narraway J J,Venkatesan R.Fault diagnosis in Benes switching networks[J].IEE Proceedings E-Computers and Digital Techniques,1987,134(2):78-86.
[22]Das Nabanita,Dattagupta Jayasree.Fault identification and routing in Benes networks[J].Journal of systems architecture,1996,42(1):67-81.
[23]Andresen S.The looping algorithm extended to base 2t rearrangeable switching networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,1977,25(10):1057-1063.
[24]Yuen P H,Chen L K.Optimization of microring-based interconnection by leveraging the asymmetric behaviors of switching elements[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2013,31(10):1585-1592.