基于腔减相移光谱技术测量大气气溶胶消光系数的应用研究
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摘要
基于腔减相移光谱(CAPS)技术检测灵敏度高、光源性价比好、容易控制和有效吸收光程长等优点,搭建了一套基于CAPS技术的连续测量大气气溶胶消光系数的监测系统。测试系统高反射镜片反射率约为0.9999,对应有效光程约为4.4 km;通过Allan方差测试分析系统最佳积分时间约为80 s,对应消光系数检测极限为0.06Mm-1;将系统应用于实际大气气溶胶消光系数的12个周期和48 h连续监测,显示空腔相移基本稳定,样品测量相移偏移明显,反演得到的大气能见度结果稳定可靠。由此表明,研制的基于CAPS技术的大气气溶胶消光系数连续测量系统应用于实际的测量是完全可行的。
Cavity attenuated phase shift spectroscopy(CAPS) technique has many advantages such as the impressive detection sensitivity and the high performance-price ratio of light source. It is also easy to control and has a longer effective absorption optical path. Based on the above prominent advantages, a continuous measurement system of atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient using the CAPS is developed. The cavity reflectivity of the system is about 0.9999, and the corresponding effective optical path of 4.4 km is calculated. Based on the analysis of Allan variance, the best integration time of the system is 80 s, and the corresponding extreme value of extinction coefficient detection is 0.06 Mm-1. The CAPS system is applied to the 12 cycles and 48-hour continuous monitoring for atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient. The result shows that the empty cavity phase shift is basically stable, the cavity attenuated phase shift of the sample measurement is evident, and the retrieved atmospheric visibility is reliable. The above results suggest that the continuous measurement system of atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient based on the CAPS can be used for practical atmospheric aerosol measurement.
Cavity attenuated phase shift spectroscopy(CAPS) technique has many advantages such as the impressive detection sensitivity and the high performance-price ratio of light source. It is also easy to control and has a longer effective absorption optical path. Based on the above prominent advantages, a continuous measurement system of atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient using the CAPS is developed. The cavity reflectivity of the system is about 0.9999, and the corresponding effective optical path of 4.4 km is calculated. Based on the analysis of Allan variance, the best integration time of the system is 80 s, and the corresponding extreme value of extinction coefficient detection is 0.06 Mm-1. The CAPS system is applied to the 12 cycles and 48-hour continuous monitoring for atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient. The result shows that the empty cavity phase shift is basically stable, the cavity attenuated phase shift of the sample measurement is evident, and the retrieved atmospheric visibility is reliable. The above results suggest that the continuous measurement system of atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient based on the CAPS can be used for practical atmospheric aerosol measurement.
引文
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王自发,李杰,王哲,等.2014.2013年1月我国中东部强霾污染的数值模拟和防控对策[J].中国科学:地球科学,44(1):3-14.Wang Zifa,Li Jie,Wang Zhe,et al.2014.Modeling study of regional severe hazes over mid-eastern China in January 2013 and its implications on pollution prevention and control[J].Science China Earth Sciences,57(1):3-13,doi:10.1007/s11430-013-4793-0.
王志立,郭品文,张华.2009.黑碳气溶胶直接辐射强迫及其对中国夏季降水影响的模拟研究[J].气候与环境研究,14(2):161-171.Wang Zhili,Guo Pinwen,Zhang Hua.2009.A numerical study of direct radiative forcing due to black carbon and its effects on the summer precipitation in China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),14(2):161-171,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2009.02.06.
Wood E C,Charest J R.2014.Chemical amplification-cavity attenuated phase shift spectroscopy measurements of atmospheric peroxy radicals[J].Analytical Chemistry,86(20):10266-10273,doi:10.1021/ac502451m.
吴兑.2012.近十年中国灰霾天气研究综述[J].环境科学学报,32(2):257-269.Wu Dui.2012.Hazy weather research in China in the last decade:Areview[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(in Chinese),32(2):257-269.
徐鹏炜,谭湘萍,蔡菊珍,等.2005.杭州城市大气消光系数和能见度的影响因子研究[J].环境污染与防治,27(6):410-413.Xu Pengwei,Tan Xiangping,Cai Juzhen,et al.2005.Study on influence factors of urban aerosol on visibility and extinction coefficient[J].Environmental Pollution&Control(in Chinese),27(6):410-413,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3865.2005.06.003.
张小玲,夏祥鳌,车慧正,等.2014.区域污染对本底地区气溶胶光学特性及辐射强迫影响的地基和卫星遥感观测研究[J].环境科学,35(7):2439-2448.Zhang Xiaoling,Xia Xiang’ao,Che Huizheng,et al.2014.Observation study on aerosol optical properties and radiative forcing using the ground-based and satellite remote sensing at background station during the regional pollution episodes[J].Environmental Science(in Chinese),35(7):2439-2448,doi:10.13227/j.hjkx.2014.07.001.
张小曳.2007.中国大气气溶胶及其气候效应的研究[J].地球科学进展,22(1):12-16.Zhang Xiaoye.2007.Aerosol over china and their climate effect[J].Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),22(1):12-16,doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.2007.01.002.
Butler T J A,Mellon D,Kim J,et al.2009.Optical-feedback cavity ringdown spectroscopy measurements of extinction by aerosol particles[J]The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,113(16):3963-3972,doi:10.1021/jp810310b.
Ge B Z,Sun Y L,Liu Y,et al.2013.Nitrogen dioxide measurement by cavity attenuated phase shift spectroscopy(CAPS)and implications in ozone production efficiency and nitrate formation in Beijing,China[J].JGeophys.Res.,118(1):1-13,doi:10.1029/2012JD018174.
葛宝珠,王自发,孙业乐,等.2014.光谱法与传统荧光法测量北京大气NO2浓度及其对臭氧生成效率的影响[J].环境化学,33(9):1558-1565.Ge Baozhu,Wang Zifa,Sun Yele,et al.2014.Comparison between cavity attenuated phase shift spectroscopy(CAPS)and chemiluminescence-based(CL)instrument in NO2 measurement in Beijing,China[J].Environmental Chemistry(in Chinese),33(9):1558-1565,doi:10.7524/j.issn.0254-6108.2014.09.016.
龚元,李斌成.2007.相移光腔衰荡高反射率测量中的拟合方法[J].强激光与粒子束,19(8):1287-1290.Gong Yuan,Li Bincheng.2007.Fitting method for high reflectivity measurement with phase-shift cavity ring-down technique[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams(in Chinese),19(8):1287-1290.
Gong Y,Li B C.2007.High-reflectivity measurement with a broadband diode laser based cavity ring-down technique[J].Applied Physics B,88(3):477-482,doi:10.1007/s00340-007-2703-x.
郭杰.2015.相移光谱技术在气溶胶消光系数测量中的应用研究[D].浙江师范大学硕士学位论文,58pp.Guo Jie.2015.Application research of phase shift spectroscopy technology measurements of aerosol extinction coefficient[D].M.S.thesis(in Chinese),Zhejiang Normal University,58pp.
Herbelin J M,McK ay J A.1981.Development of laser mirrors of very high reflectivity using the cavity-attenuated phase-shift method[J].Appl.Opt.,20(19):3341-3344,doi:10.1364/AO.20.003341.
Karol Y,TanréD,Goloub P,et al.2013.Airborne sun photometer PLASMA:Concept,measurements,comparison of aerosol extinction vertical profile with Lidar[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,6(9):2383-2390,doi:10.5194/amt-6-2383-2013.
Li L,Chen J M,Chen H,et al.2011.Monitoring optical properties of aerosols with cavity ring-down spectroscopy[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,42(4):277-284,doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2011.02.001.
凌六一,秦敏,谢品华,等.2012.基于LED光源的非相干宽带腔增强吸收光谱技术探测HONO和NO2[J].物理学报,61(14):140703.Ling Liuyi,Qin Min,Xie Pinhua,et al.2012.Incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy for measurements of HONO and NO2with a LED optical source[J].Acta Physica Sinica(in Chinese),61(14):140703,doi:10.7498/aps.61.140703.
毛节泰,刘晓阳,李成才,等.2002.MODIS卫星遥感北京地区气溶胶光学厚度及与地面光度计遥感的对比[J].应用气象学报,13(Z1):127-135.Mao Jietai,Liu Xiaoyang,Li Chengcai,et al.2002.The comparison of remote sensing aerosol optical depth from MODIS data and ground sun-photometer observations[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science(in Chinese),13(Z1):127-135,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2002.z1.014.
Massoli P,Kebabian P L,Onasch T B,et al.2010.Aerosol light extinction measurements by cavity attenuated phase shift(CAPS)spectroscopy:Laboratory validation and field deployment of a compact aerosol particle extinction monitor[J].Aerosol Science and Technology,44(6):428-435,doi:10.1080/02786821003716599.
Petzold A,Onasch T,Kebabian P,et al.2013.Intercomparison of a Cavity Attenuated Phase Shift-based extinction monitor(CAPS PMex)with an integrating nephelometer and a filter-based absorption monitor[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,6(5):1141-1151,doi:10.5194/amt-6-1141-2013.
Ruan L M,Wang X Y,Qi H,et al.2011.Experimental investigation on optical constants of aerosol particles[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,42(11):759-770,doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2011.07.001.
孙颖,潘月鹏,李杏茹,等.2011.京津冀典型城市大气颗粒物化学成分同步观测研究[J].环境科学,32(9):2732-2740.Sun Ying,Pan Yuepeng,Li Xingru,et al.2011.Chemical composition and mass closure of particulate matter in Beijing,Tianjin,and Hebei megacities,northern China[J].Environmental Science(in Chinese),32(9):2732-2740.
王自发,李杰,王哲,等.2014.2013年1月我国中东部强霾污染的数值模拟和防控对策[J].中国科学:地球科学,44(1):3-14.Wang Zifa,Li Jie,Wang Zhe,et al.2014.Modeling study of regional severe hazes over mid-eastern China in January 2013 and its implications on pollution prevention and control[J].Science China Earth Sciences,57(1):3-13,doi:10.1007/s11430-013-4793-0.
王志立,郭品文,张华.2009.黑碳气溶胶直接辐射强迫及其对中国夏季降水影响的模拟研究[J].气候与环境研究,14(2):161-171.Wang Zhili,Guo Pinwen,Zhang Hua.2009.A numerical study of direct radiative forcing due to black carbon and its effects on the summer precipitation in China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research(in Chinese),14(2):161-171,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2009.02.06.
Wood E C,Charest J R.2014.Chemical amplification-cavity attenuated phase shift spectroscopy measurements of atmospheric peroxy radicals[J].Analytical Chemistry,86(20):10266-10273,doi:10.1021/ac502451m.
吴兑.2012.近十年中国灰霾天气研究综述[J].环境科学学报,32(2):257-269.Wu Dui.2012.Hazy weather research in China in the last decade:Areview[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(in Chinese),32(2):257-269.
徐鹏炜,谭湘萍,蔡菊珍,等.2005.杭州城市大气消光系数和能见度的影响因子研究[J].环境污染与防治,27(6):410-413.Xu Pengwei,Tan Xiangping,Cai Juzhen,et al.2005.Study on influence factors of urban aerosol on visibility and extinction coefficient[J].Environmental Pollution&Control(in Chinese),27(6):410-413,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3865.2005.06.003.
张小玲,夏祥鳌,车慧正,等.2014.区域污染对本底地区气溶胶光学特性及辐射强迫影响的地基和卫星遥感观测研究[J].环境科学,35(7):2439-2448.Zhang Xiaoling,Xia Xiang’ao,Che Huizheng,et al.2014.Observation study on aerosol optical properties and radiative forcing using the ground-based and satellite remote sensing at background station during the regional pollution episodes[J].Environmental Science(in Chinese),35(7):2439-2448,doi:10.13227/j.hjkx.2014.07.001.
张小曳.2007.中国大气气溶胶及其气候效应的研究[J].地球科学进展,22(1):12-16.Zhang Xiaoye.2007.Aerosol over china and their climate effect[J].Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),22(1):12-16,doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.2007.01.002.