体内预应力钢绞线光纤光栅监测技术及其应用
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摘要
设计了一种在预应力钢绞线中心丝上设置倾斜凹槽封装光纤光栅的自感知钢绞线,以解决体内预应力钢绞线其它传感器无安装空间,易碎断导致封装成活率低以及监测量程不够等技术难题.理论分析了不同凹槽倾角封装的光纤光栅传感器的监测应变与钢绞线应变,根据复合材料剪滞模型理论建立了二者之间的应变关系.以倾角为变化参数,研制了系列光纤光栅自感知钢绞线,并对其进行张拉试验,测定光纤光栅传感器量程的变化情况.试验结果表明:该方法能有效扩大光纤光栅传感器的监测量程,当倾斜角度为30°时,所能监测的应变范围与0°相比,提高了44%.采用该技术,利用光纤光栅传感器对某高速公路预应力箱梁的施工张拉及服役进行实时监测,传感器成活率为100%,同时将光纤光栅的理论及标定应变关系与现场张拉及二次张拉的数据进行对比,误差均在5%以内.该技术实现了对体内预应力钢绞线施工张拉和服役全生命周期的监测.
A self-sensing steel strand is designed,which is set a spiral and slant groove on the steel strand center wire and embedded with fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensor.Hence,the problems of lack of installation space,fragile broken which leads to low survival rate and insufficient monitoring range can be solved.The monitoring strain of FBG sensor with groove and the strain of steel strand are analyzed theoretically.According to the theory of shear lag model of composite material,the relationship between both strains is established.A series of self-sensing steel strand are developed with different helix angle,and the tensile experiments are carried out to determine the variation of the measurement range of FBG sensor.The experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the monitoring range of FBG sensor,When the tilt angle is 30°,the strain range that can be monitored is increased by 44%compared with 0°.Owing to this technique,the prestressing tensioning construction and service of a prestressed box beam of a highway are monitored in real time by using FBG sensor,the survival rate ofthe sensor is 100%.The strain relationship determined by theoretical and calibration test is compared with the data of the construction tensioning and the secondary tensioning on site,and the errors are less than 5%.This technology achieve the purpose of the whole lifecycle monitoring of the internal prestressed steel strand during construction and service.
A self-sensing steel strand is designed,which is set a spiral and slant groove on the steel strand center wire and embedded with fiber Bragg grating(FBG)sensor.Hence,the problems of lack of installation space,fragile broken which leads to low survival rate and insufficient monitoring range can be solved.The monitoring strain of FBG sensor with groove and the strain of steel strand are analyzed theoretically.According to the theory of shear lag model of composite material,the relationship between both strains is established.A series of self-sensing steel strand are developed with different helix angle,and the tensile experiments are carried out to determine the variation of the measurement range of FBG sensor.The experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the monitoring range of FBG sensor,When the tilt angle is 30°,the strain range that can be monitored is increased by 44%compared with 0°.Owing to this technique,the prestressing tensioning construction and service of a prestressed box beam of a highway are monitored in real time by using FBG sensor,the survival rate ofthe sensor is 100%.The strain relationship determined by theoretical and calibration test is compared with the data of the construction tensioning and the secondary tensioning on site,and the errors are less than 5%.This technology achieve the purpose of the whole lifecycle monitoring of the internal prestressed steel strand during construction and service.
引文
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[11]LAN Chun-guang,ZHOU Zhi,OU Jin-ping.Novel embedded steel wire GFRP-FBG smart rebar and its properties[J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University(Natural Science),2012,28(1):72-78.兰春光,周智,欧进萍.内嵌钢丝GFRP-FBG智能复合筋的研制及其性能分析[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2012,28(1):72-78.
[12]LI Hong,ZHU Lian-qing,LIU Feng,et al.Strain transfer analysis and experimental research of surface-bonded bare FBG[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2014,35(8):1744-1750.李红,祝连庆,刘锋,等.裸光纤光栅表贴结构应变传递分析与实验研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(8):1744-1750.
[13]ZHOU Zhi,LI Yi-long,OU Jin-ping.Interface strain transfer mechanism and error modification of embedded FBGstrain sensors[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2006,38(1):49-55.周智,李冀龙,欧进萍.埋入式光纤光栅界面应变传递机理与误差修正[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,38(1):49-55.
[14]ZHOU Guang-dong.Strain transfer theory research of fiber Bragg grating sensors[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2007.周广东.光纤光栅传感器应变传递理论研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2007.
[15]CHEN Z R,YAN W Y.A shear-lag model with a cohesive fibre-matrix interface for analysis of fibre pull-out[J].Mechanics of Materials,2015,91(1):119-135.
[16]QIN He-ying,ZHU Wan-xu,ZHANG He-li,et al.Manufacturing and performance analysis of intelligent steel strand embedded with prepressure large scale fiber Bragg grating sensor[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(4):216-223.覃荷瑛,朱万旭,张贺丽,等.内嵌预压式大量程光纤光栅传感器的智能钢绞线的研制与性能分析[J].中国激光,2017,44(4):216-223.
[17]XIN Xue-zhong.The research on redistribution of stress due to creep of prestressed concrete built-up beam[J].China Railway Science,2002,23(4):29-33.辛学忠.预应力混凝土简支梁徐变应力重分布的研究[J].中国铁道科学,2002,23(4):29-33.
[2]WANG Yu,JING Guo-qiang,WANG Bo.Online structural analysis and state evaluation method for bridge health monitoring system[J].Bridge Construction,2014,44(1):25-30.王瑀,荆国强,王波.桥梁健康监测系统在线结构分析及状态评估方法[J].桥梁建设,2014,44(1):25-30.
[3]HU Shun-ren,CHEN Wei-min.Reconstruction of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor based on neural networks[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2010,39(4):689-692.胡顺仁,陈伟民.基于神经网络的光纤光栅应变传感器重构[J].光子学报,2010,39(4):689-692.
[4]SONG Jie,GHEN Lu,ZHANG Qi-lin,et al.Application of magneto-elastic method to tension measurement of prestressed cables in suspended structure[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement&Diagnosis,2009,29(1):86-91+120-121.宋杰,陈鲁,张其林,等.磁通量法在预应力悬挂结构拉索施工中的应用[J].振动、测试与诊断,2009,29(1):86-91+120-121.
[5]LIANG M F,FANG X Q.Application of fiber Bragg grating sensing technology for bolt force status monitoring in roadways[J].Applied Sciences,2018,8(1):107.
[6]HONG C Y,ZHANG Y F,ZHANG M X,et al.Application of FBG sensors for geotechnical health monitoring,a review of sensor design,implementation methods and packaging techniques[J].Sensors&Actuators A:Physical,2016,244:184-197.
[7]ZHAO Xia,LIU Li-hua,JI Jun-bing,et al.Reliability research on smart bridge cable with built-in fiber Bragg grating sensors[J].Piezoelectrics&Acoustooptics,2013,35(1):33-37.赵霞,刘礼华,吉俊兵,等.内置光纤光栅传感器的智能索可靠性研究[J].压电与声光,2013,35(1):33-37.
[8]ZHAO Xia,ZHENG Rui,LIU Li-hua,et al.Experimental study on the embedding method of built-in FBG sensor in bridge cable by structural adhesive-bonding for monitoring cable force[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2018,31(5):694-699.赵霞,郑锐,刘礼华,等.缆索内置光纤光栅传感器胶接植入试验研究[J].传感技术学报,2018,31(5):694-699.
[9]ZHOU Zhi,HE Jian-ping,JIA Hong-wei,et al.Full scale brillouin sensing technique based smart parallel wire stay cable[J].Journal of Optoelectronics·Laser,2009,20(6):766-770.周智,何建平,贾宏伟,等.平行钢丝束拉索的布里渊全尺度测试技术研究[J].光电子·激光,2009,20(6):766-770.
[10]DENG Nian-chun,OU Jin-ping,ZHOU Zhi,et al.Application of fiber Bragg grating in stress monitoring of prestressed steel strand[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2007,39(10):1550-1553.邓年春,欧进萍,周智,等.光纤光栅在预应力钢绞线应力监测中的应用[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39(10):1550-1553.
[11]LAN Chun-guang,ZHOU Zhi,OU Jin-ping.Novel embedded steel wire GFRP-FBG smart rebar and its properties[J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University(Natural Science),2012,28(1):72-78.兰春光,周智,欧进萍.内嵌钢丝GFRP-FBG智能复合筋的研制及其性能分析[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2012,28(1):72-78.
[12]LI Hong,ZHU Lian-qing,LIU Feng,et al.Strain transfer analysis and experimental research of surface-bonded bare FBG[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2014,35(8):1744-1750.李红,祝连庆,刘锋,等.裸光纤光栅表贴结构应变传递分析与实验研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2014,35(8):1744-1750.
[13]ZHOU Zhi,LI Yi-long,OU Jin-ping.Interface strain transfer mechanism and error modification of embedded FBGstrain sensors[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2006,38(1):49-55.周智,李冀龙,欧进萍.埋入式光纤光栅界面应变传递机理与误差修正[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,38(1):49-55.
[14]ZHOU Guang-dong.Strain transfer theory research of fiber Bragg grating sensors[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2007.周广东.光纤光栅传感器应变传递理论研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2007.
[15]CHEN Z R,YAN W Y.A shear-lag model with a cohesive fibre-matrix interface for analysis of fibre pull-out[J].Mechanics of Materials,2015,91(1):119-135.
[16]QIN He-ying,ZHU Wan-xu,ZHANG He-li,et al.Manufacturing and performance analysis of intelligent steel strand embedded with prepressure large scale fiber Bragg grating sensor[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(4):216-223.覃荷瑛,朱万旭,张贺丽,等.内嵌预压式大量程光纤光栅传感器的智能钢绞线的研制与性能分析[J].中国激光,2017,44(4):216-223.
[17]XIN Xue-zhong.The research on redistribution of stress due to creep of prestressed concrete built-up beam[J].China Railway Science,2002,23(4):29-33.辛学忠.预应力混凝土简支梁徐变应力重分布的研究[J].中国铁道科学,2002,23(4):29-33.