单模光纤宏弯损耗的温度响应特性
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摘要
为了实现光纤宏弯温度传感,对单模光纤宏弯损耗的温度响应特性进行了理论与实验研究.理论上对单模光纤宏弯损耗理论公式进行了温度修正.基于该公式模拟了波长、弯曲半径以及温度对纤芯-无限包层结构单模光纤宏弯损耗性能的影响.设计制作了一种带吸收层和镍保护层的单模光纤宏弯温度传感探头并进行了温度传感性能实验测试.结果表明:纤芯-无限包层结构单模光纤宏弯损耗对弯曲半径、波长和温度变化较为敏感,与温度之间的响应呈线性,该探头的温度分辨率为0.4℃;通过减小弯曲半径和提高光源波长,可进一步提高其温度灵敏度和分辨率.该结构光纤可近似看作纤芯-无限包层结构光纤,用于开发光纤宏弯温度传感器.
In order to realize fiber-optic temperature sense based on macrobending loss properties of sinlgle-mode fiber,temperature sensing properties of macro-bend single-mode fiber were studied theoretically and experimentally.Temperature correction is made for a classical macrobending loss theoretical formula of single-mode fiber.Then simulation analysis of effects of bend radius,wavelength and temperature on bend loss of a single-mode fiber with core-infinite cladding structure is made based on the formula.After that,a single-mode fiber temperature sensor with an inner absorption layer and an outer nickel layer outside the cladding layer of the fiber is designed and made.Finally,experimental tests of temperature sensing performance of the sensor are carried out and discussed.Results show that macrobending loss of the fiber with core-infinite cladding structure is sensitive to bend radius,wavelength of light resource and temperature,and the temperature response of the sensor is linear.In addition,the proposed fiber-optic sensor shows a temperature resolution of 0.4 ℃.It′s worth noting that the temperature sensitivity and resolution can be increased by decreasing the bend radius and raising the wavelength of light resource.Thus such single-mode fiber can be treated as core-infinite cladding structure single-mode fiber,which can be used to develop macro-bend optical fiber sensor based on macrobending loss properties.
In order to realize fiber-optic temperature sense based on macrobending loss properties of sinlgle-mode fiber,temperature sensing properties of macro-bend single-mode fiber were studied theoretically and experimentally.Temperature correction is made for a classical macrobending loss theoretical formula of single-mode fiber.Then simulation analysis of effects of bend radius,wavelength and temperature on bend loss of a single-mode fiber with core-infinite cladding structure is made based on the formula.After that,a single-mode fiber temperature sensor with an inner absorption layer and an outer nickel layer outside the cladding layer of the fiber is designed and made.Finally,experimental tests of temperature sensing performance of the sensor are carried out and discussed.Results show that macrobending loss of the fiber with core-infinite cladding structure is sensitive to bend radius,wavelength of light resource and temperature,and the temperature response of the sensor is linear.In addition,the proposed fiber-optic sensor shows a temperature resolution of 0.4 ℃.It′s worth noting that the temperature sensitivity and resolution can be increased by decreasing the bend radius and raising the wavelength of light resource.Thus such single-mode fiber can be treated as core-infinite cladding structure single-mode fiber,which can be used to develop macro-bend optical fiber sensor based on macrobending loss properties.
引文
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[23]LI Yu-long,ZHANG Hua,FENG Yan,et al.Metal coating of fiber Bragg grating and the temperature sensing character after metallization[J].Optical Fiber Technology,2009,15(4):391-397.
[24]PENG Xing-ling,ZHANG Hua,LI Yu-long.Thermal stress and the associated photoelastic effect of the metal coated fiber loop[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2014,34(11):1106004.彭星玲,张华李玉龙.金属镀层光纤环的热应力及其引起的弹光效应[J].光学学报,2014,34(11):1106004.
[2]PAKDEEVANICH P.Optical fiber sensor based on a polymer optical fiber macro-bend to study thermal expansion of metals[J].Journal of Physics:Conference Series,2018,1027(1):012007.
[3]ZHAO J,BAO T,KUNDU T.Widerange fiber displacement sensor based on bending loss[J].Journal of Sensors,2016,2016:1-5.
[4]TANG Jie-yuan,ZHANG Quan-quan,ZENG Yang-fu,et al.Optical fiber measurement system for thickness of water film[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2015,44(5):88-93.唐洁媛,张佺佺,曾央夫,等.基于U型弯曲光纤模间干涉的折射率传感[J].光子学报.2015,44(5):88-93.
[5]LEAL-JUNIOR A,FRIZERA A,PONTES M J,et al.Dynamic mechanical characterization with respect to temperature,humidity,frequency and strain in mPOFs made of different materials[J].Optical Materials Express,2018,8(4):804-815.
[6]CHENG Lin,LI Ya-ming,MA Yu-ming,et al.The sensing principle of a new type of crack sensor based on linear macrobending loss of an optical fiber and its experimental investigation[J].Sensors and Actuators A,2018,272:53-61.
[7]NAM S H,YIN S Z.High-temperature sensing using whispering gallery mode resonance in bent optical fiber[J].Photonics Technology Letters,2005,17(11):2391-2393.
[8]KUMAR S,SWAMINATHAN S.Design of liquid temperature sensor based on bending loss phenomenon of plastic optic fiber and electro-optic effect of Mach-Zehnder interferometer[C].Optical Sensing and Detection IV,International Society for Optics and Photonics,2016,9899:98991Z.
[9]GONG Zhen-feng,CHEN Ke,ZHOU Xin-lei,et al.Temperature-compensated refractive index sensor based on bentfiber interference[J].Optical Fiber Technology,2017,36:6-9.
[10]RAIKARU S,LALASANGI A S,KULKAMI V K,et al.Temperature dependence of bending loss in single mode communication fiber:Effect of fiber buffer coating[J].Optics Communications,2007,273(2):402-406.
[11]KWANG-TAEK K,JI-HOON K,KYU-JUNG C,et al.Fiber-optic temperature sensor based on bending loss of thermally expanded core fiber[J].Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics,2010,21(1):12-15.
[12]MORALEDA A T,GARCIA C V,ZABALLA J Z,et al.A temperature sensor based on a polymer optical fiber macrobend[J].Sensors,2013,13(10):13076-13089.
[13]CHEN Tao,XIE Zhong,LI Zhi-hong,et al.Study on the monotonicity of bending loss of polymer optical fiber[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2015,33(10):2032-2037.
[14]LEAL-JUNIOR A,FRIZERA A,MARQUES C,et al.Polymer-optical-fiber-based sensor system for simultaneous measurement of angle and temperature[J].Applied Optics,2018,57(7):1717-1723.
[15]TAPETADO A,PINZON P J,ZUBIA J,et al.Polymer optical fiber temperature sensor with dual-wavelength compensation of power fluctuations[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2015,33(13):2716-2723.
[16]RAJAN G,MATHEW J,SEMENOVA Y,et al.Evaluation of the performance of a novel low-cost macro-bend fiberbased temperature sensor[C].Fiber Optic Sensors and Applications UI,the International Society for Optical Engineering,2009,7316:731610.
[17]RAJAN G,SEMENOVA Y,MATHEW J,et al.Experimental analysis and demonstration of a low cost fibre optic temperature sensor system for engineering applications[J].Sensors and Actuators A,2010,163(1):88-95.
[18]MARCUSE D.Curvature loss formula for optical fibers[J].Journal of the Optical Society of America,1976,(3):216-220.
[19]WANG Q,FARRELL G,FREIR T.Theoretical and experimental investigations of macro-bend losses for standard single mode fibers[J].Optics Express,2005,13(12):4476-4484.
[20]YE C,KOPONEN J,AALLOS V,et al.On the measurement of fundamental mode bend loss in large-mode-area optical fibers[J].Applied Optics,2017,56(4):928-934.
[21]FROSZ M H,ROTH P,GNENDI M C,et al.Analytical formulation for the bend loss in single-ring hollow-core photonic crystal fibers[J].Photonics Research,2017,5(2):88-91.
[22]WANG P,RAJAN G,SEMENOVA Y,et al.Temperature dependence of a macrobending edge filter based on a highbend loss fiber[J].Optics Letters,2008,33(21):2470-2472.
[23]LI Yu-long,ZHANG Hua,FENG Yan,et al.Metal coating of fiber Bragg grating and the temperature sensing character after metallization[J].Optical Fiber Technology,2009,15(4):391-397.
[24]PENG Xing-ling,ZHANG Hua,LI Yu-long.Thermal stress and the associated photoelastic effect of the metal coated fiber loop[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2014,34(11):1106004.彭星玲,张华李玉龙.金属镀层光纤环的热应力及其引起的弹光效应[J].光学学报,2014,34(11):1106004.