宽窄行种植下不同施氮量对春玉米冠层物质生产性能的影响
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摘要
为了探索宽窄行种植下春玉米施氮量对冠层物质生产性能的影响,以农华101为供试材料,在7.5万株·hm~(-2)种植密度下,设常规施氮(N1:300 kg·hm~(-2))、常规减量30%(N2:210 kg·hm~(-2))和常规减量50%施氮(N3:150 kg·hm~(-2))3个氮肥水平,测定了不同生育时期叶面积指数、SPAD值、干物质量,并计算干物质积累量及分配比例.结果表明,N1与N2水平产量差异不显著,N1和N2水平显著高于N3水平;叶面积指数各生育期都均表现为N1>N2>N3,生育后期叶面积衰减表现为N3>N2>N1;叶片SPAD值在吐丝期和乳熟期各个层位叶片均随施氮量的减少而减小;干物质积累量呈现随施氮量减少而减小趋势,但N1与N2差异不显著.西辽河平原灌区在12 000 kg·hm~(-2)左右产量水平下,高产高效的适宜施氮量是210 kg·hm~(-2).
The effect of nitrogen application rate on production performance of spring maize,Nonghua 101 under wide and narrow row planting was investigated. At a density of 75 000 plants·hm~(-2) three levels of nitrogen fertilizer were applied:conventional nitrogen application(N1:300 kg·hm~(-2)),conventional reduction of 30%(N2:210 kg·hm~(-2))and conventional reduction of 50%(N3:150 kg·hm~(-2)). The leaf area index,SPAD value and dry matter quality of different growth stages were measured,and the dry matter accumulation and distribution ratios were calculated. There was no significant difference in yield between N1 and N2 levels. N1 and N2 levels were significantly higher than N3 levels. Leaf area index showed N1>N2>N3 at all growth stages,and leaf area attenuation showed N3 >N2 > N1 at late growth stage. Leaf SPAD values decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application at all layers during silking and milk maturity. Dry matter accumulation decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application,but N1 and N2 were not significantly different. Under the production level of 12 000 kg·hm~(-2) in the irrigation area of Xiliaohe Plain,the suitable nitrogen application rate of high yield and high efficiency was found to be 210 kg·hm~(-2).
The effect of nitrogen application rate on production performance of spring maize,Nonghua 101 under wide and narrow row planting was investigated. At a density of 75 000 plants·hm~(-2) three levels of nitrogen fertilizer were applied:conventional nitrogen application(N1:300 kg·hm~(-2)),conventional reduction of 30%(N2:210 kg·hm~(-2))and conventional reduction of 50%(N3:150 kg·hm~(-2)). The leaf area index,SPAD value and dry matter quality of different growth stages were measured,and the dry matter accumulation and distribution ratios were calculated. There was no significant difference in yield between N1 and N2 levels. N1 and N2 levels were significantly higher than N3 levels. Leaf area index showed N1>N2>N3 at all growth stages,and leaf area attenuation showed N3 >N2 > N1 at late growth stage. Leaf SPAD values decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application at all layers during silking and milk maturity. Dry matter accumulation decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application,but N1 and N2 were not significantly different. Under the production level of 12 000 kg·hm~(-2) in the irrigation area of Xiliaohe Plain,the suitable nitrogen application rate of high yield and high efficiency was found to be 210 kg·hm~(-2).
引文
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[18]杨安中,吴文革,李泽福,等.氮肥运筹对超级稻库源关系、干物质积累及产量的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(2):254-258.
[2]刘志恒,徐开未,王科,等.不同施氮量对玉米产量及各器官养分积累的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2018,44(5):573-579.
[3]田立双,杨恒山,张瑞富,等.不同施肥模式对春玉米干物质累积及转运的影响[J].吉林农业科学,2015,40(1):37-40.
[4]陈国平.玉米的干物质生产与分配(综述)[J].玉米科学,1994,2(1):48-53.
[5]徐寿军,包海柱,张凤英,等.施肥水平对冬大麦干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响[J].核农学报,2012,26(8):1183-1189,1203.
[6]任月梅,杨忠,郭瑞锋,等.不同施肥水平对大同34号谷子产量的影响[J].北方农业学报,2016,44(4):27-30.
[7]高璐阳,房增国.施氮对鲜食型甘薯干物质及养分积累与分配特性的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(4):206-212.
[8]侯云鹏,孔丽丽,李前,等.不同施氮水平对春玉米氮素吸收、转运及产量的影响[J].玉米科学,2015,23(3):136-142.
[9]张瑞富,杨恒山,郑根昌,等.不同施氮水平对红干椒产量及生理特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2009(11):21-23.
[10]金容,郭萍,周芳,等.控释氮肥比例对玉米氮代谢关键酶活性及干物质积累的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2018,36(6):729-736.
[11]宋金鑫,谷岩,于寒,等.覆膜和氮肥施用量对滴灌玉米生长发育及产量的影响[J/OL].分子植物育种,2019-03-14(录用定稿).
[12]陈范骏,曹敏建,陈艳茹.玉米对氮素营养利用的遗传差异及其生理机制[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1998(4):34-38.
[13]陈范骏,米国华,刘建安,等.玉米自交系木质部伤流液中氮素形态差异及其与氮效率的关系[J].中国农业科学,1999(5):43-48.
[14]向春阳,关义新,凌碧莹,等.玉米氮素效率基因型差异的研究进展[J].玉米科学,2002(1):75-77.
[15]徐燕.玉米氮素利用效率的提高途径[J].杂粮作物,2004(4):233-235.
[16]宗学凤,孙年喜,王三根.玉米苗对氮素吸收和利用效率的研究[J].西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004(2):206-209.
[17]李波,史文璐.氮磷钾配比对玉米干物质积累、产量、品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(2):85-89.
[18]杨安中,吴文革,李泽福,等.氮肥运筹对超级稻库源关系、干物质积累及产量的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(2):254-258.