2μm波段低损耗长周期光纤光栅设计与制作
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摘要
采用二氧化碳激光逐点刻写技术对2μm波段长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)的传输特性进行了实验研究,探索了光栅周期、折射率调制深度、光栅周期数等光栅刻写参数对光纤光栅在2μm波段特征损耗峰的影响。仿真和实验结果均表明,2μm波段LPFG的谐振中心波长和谐振峰深度可分别通过光栅周期以及光栅长度来调谐,激光扫描次数以及折射率调制都将增加光纤内模式的耦合强度。此外还探究了2μm波段LPFG对于环境温度的敏感特性,通过设计实验测得该波段LPFG的温度灵敏性为74 pm/℃。该研究在2μm波段光纤激光器及其应用的核心器件方面有潜在的应用价值。
The CO_2 laser point-by-point exposure technique is used to fabricate a long period fiber grating(LPFG) operating at 2 μm, and the transmission characteristics are also been experimentally explored. The influences of grating writing parameters including grating period, modulation depth of refractive index and number of grating period on characteristic loss peak at 2 μm waveband are studied. The simulated and experimental results show that the resonance center wavelength and resonance peak depth of LPFG at 2 μm are tuned by grating period and grating length, and laser scanning times and refractive index modulation will increase the coupling strength of the mode within the fiber. In addition, the temperature-sensitive property of a 2 μm LPFG is also explored and the sensitivity is measured to be 74 pm/℃ via the designed experiment. It is believed that this work possesses potential application value in the development of 2 μm fiber lasers and their key devices.
The CO_2 laser point-by-point exposure technique is used to fabricate a long period fiber grating(LPFG) operating at 2 μm, and the transmission characteristics are also been experimentally explored. The influences of grating writing parameters including grating period, modulation depth of refractive index and number of grating period on characteristic loss peak at 2 μm waveband are studied. The simulated and experimental results show that the resonance center wavelength and resonance peak depth of LPFG at 2 μm are tuned by grating period and grating length, and laser scanning times and refractive index modulation will increase the coupling strength of the mode within the fiber. In addition, the temperature-sensitive property of a 2 μm LPFG is also explored and the sensitivity is measured to be 74 pm/℃ via the designed experiment. It is believed that this work possesses potential application value in the development of 2 μm fiber lasers and their key devices.
引文
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[14] He W X. Mode coupling and applied research on long period fiber grating[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2002. 何万迅. 长周期光纤光栅的模式耦合及应用性研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2002.
[15] Wang Z Y, Heflin J R, Stolen R H, et al. Analysis of optical response of long period fiber gratings to nm-thick thin-film coating[J]. Optics Express, 2005, 13(8): 2808-2813.
[16] Liu S Y, Tam H Y, Demokan M S. Low-cost microlens array for long-period grating fabrication[J]. Electronics Letters, 1999, 35(1): 79-81.
[17] Davis D D, Gaylord T K, Glytsis E N, et al. Long-period fibre grating fabrication with focused CO2 laser pulses[J]. Electronics Letters, 1998, 34(3): 302-303.
[18] Davis D D, Gaylord T K, Glytsis E N, et al. CO2 laser-induced long-period fibre gratings: spectral characteristics, cladding modes and polarisation independence[J]. Electronics Letters, 1998, 34(14): 1416-1417.
[19] Kondo Y, Nouchi K, Mitsuyu T, et al. Long-period fiber grating fabricated by focused irradiation of femtosecond laser pulses[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 1999, 3847: 34-42.
[20] Yu Y Q, Ruan S C, Yang H L, et al. Temperature sensor using a long period fiber grating fabricated by 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses[J]. Proceeding of SPIE, 2010, 7655: 76550Q.
[21] Lin C Y, Wang L A. Loss-tunable long period fibre grating made from etched corrugation structure[J]. Electronics Letters, 1999, 35(21): 1872-1873.
[22] Fujimaki M, Ohki Y, Brebner J L, et al. Fabrication of long-period optical fiber gratings by use of ion implantation[J]. Optics Letters, 2000, 25(2): 88-89.
[2] Hill K O, Fujii Y, Johnson D C, et al. Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides: application to reflection filter fabrication[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 1978, 32(10): 647-649.
[3] Vengsarkar A M, Lemaire P J, Judkins J B, et al. Long-period fiber gratings as band-rejection filters[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1996, 14(1): 58-65.
[4] Vengsarkar A M, Bergano N S, Davidson C R, et al. Long-period fiber-grating-based gain equalizers[J]. Optics Letters, 1996, 21(5): 336-338.
[5] Bhatia V, Burford M K, Murphy K A, et al. Long-period fiber grating sensors[C]//Optical Fiber Communications, 1996: 265-266.
[5] Bhatia V, Burford M K, Murphy K A, et al. Long-period fiber grating sensors[C]//Optical Fiber Communications, 1996: 265-266.
[6] Wang Y P. Review of long period fiber gratings written by CO2 laser[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2010, 108(8): 081101.
[7] Shu X W, Zhang L, Bennion I. Sensitivity characteristics of long-period fiber gratings[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2002, 20(2): 255-266.
[8] Nodop D, Jauregui C, Jansen F, et al. Suppression of stimulated Raman scattering employing long period gratings in double-clad fiber amplifiers[J]. Optics Letters, 2010, 35(17): 2982-2984.
[9] Zhao Y H, Liu Y Q, Zhang L, et al. Mode converter based on the long-period fiber gratings written in the two-mode fiber[J]. Optics Express, 2016, 24(6): 6186-6195.
[10] Adebayo A, Yan Z, Zhang L, et al. Optical fibre gratings with response to 2 μm and their sensing capabilities[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 2012, 8421: 842141.
[11] Erdogan T. Fiber grating spectra[J]. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1997, 15(8): 1277-1294.
[12] Chern G W, Wang L A. Transfer-matrix method based on perturbation expansion for periodic and quasi-periodic binary long-period gratings[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 1999, 16(11): 2675-2689.
[13] Erdogan T. Cladding-mode resonances in short- and long-period fiber grating filters: errata[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 2000, 17(11): 2113-2113.
[14] He W X. Mode coupling and applied research on long period fiber grating[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2002. 何万迅. 长周期光纤光栅的模式耦合及应用性研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2002.
[15] Wang Z Y, Heflin J R, Stolen R H, et al. Analysis of optical response of long period fiber gratings to nm-thick thin-film coating[J]. Optics Express, 2005, 13(8): 2808-2813.
[16] Liu S Y, Tam H Y, Demokan M S. Low-cost microlens array for long-period grating fabrication[J]. Electronics Letters, 1999, 35(1): 79-81.
[17] Davis D D, Gaylord T K, Glytsis E N, et al. Long-period fibre grating fabrication with focused CO2 laser pulses[J]. Electronics Letters, 1998, 34(3): 302-303.
[18] Davis D D, Gaylord T K, Glytsis E N, et al. CO2 laser-induced long-period fibre gratings: spectral characteristics, cladding modes and polarisation independence[J]. Electronics Letters, 1998, 34(14): 1416-1417.
[19] Kondo Y, Nouchi K, Mitsuyu T, et al. Long-period fiber grating fabricated by focused irradiation of femtosecond laser pulses[J]. Proceedings of SPIE, 1999, 3847: 34-42.
[20] Yu Y Q, Ruan S C, Yang H L, et al. Temperature sensor using a long period fiber grating fabricated by 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses[J]. Proceeding of SPIE, 2010, 7655: 76550Q.
[21] Lin C Y, Wang L A. Loss-tunable long period fibre grating made from etched corrugation structure[J]. Electronics Letters, 1999, 35(21): 1872-1873.
[22] Fujimaki M, Ohki Y, Brebner J L, et al. Fabrication of long-period optical fiber gratings by use of ion implantation[J]. Optics Letters, 2000, 25(2): 88-89.