水分胁迫及恢复正常水分供应后兔眼蓝浆果生长及光合特性的变化
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摘要
以兔眼蓝浆果(Vaccinium ashei Reade)品种‘粉蓝’(‘Powderblue’)和‘园蓝’(‘Gardenblue’)2年生扦插苗为研究对象,对经干旱或淹水胁迫处理14 d后以及恢复正常水分供应后幼苗的生长指标及光合特性变化进行了分析和比较。结果显示:干旱或淹水胁迫处理14 d,2个品种幼苗的生长均受到严重抑制,根系干质量、茎叶干质量、幼苗的相对生长速率以及叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率均显著低于对照;而根冠比和气孔限制值则基本上高于对照,且气孔限制值与对照有显著差异。恢复正常水分供应60 d后,2个品种的根系干质量和茎叶干质量仍低于对照、相对生长速率接近或高于对照、根冠比均高于对照。干旱或淹水胁迫处理7和14 d,2个品种叶片的叶绿素含量指数(CCI)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ有效光量子产量〔Y(Ⅱ)〕总体上低于对照;干旱胁迫解除后2个品种叶片的CCI值和Fv/Fm值迅速恢复至对照水平,但在淹水胁迫解除7 d后它们的CCI值和Fv/Fm值仍保持下降趋势,至淹水胁迫解除14 d后恢复至对照水平;2个品种叶片的Y(Ⅱ)值在干旱或淹水胁迫解除7 d后仍持续降低,至干旱和淹水胁迫解除14 d后基本恢复至对照水平。综合比较结果表明:干旱或淹水胁迫对兔眼蓝浆果品种‘粉蓝’和‘园蓝’的生长及光合特性均有一定的抑制作用且淹水胁迫的抑制作用较强,但这种抑制作用具有可逆性,在干旱或淹水胁迫解除后二者的生长和光合特性均不同程度恢复。另外,水分胁迫条件下导致2个品种光合能力下降的主导因素是气孔限制因子。
Taking two-year-old cutting seedlings of cultivar‘Powderblue'and‘Gardenblue'of rabbiteye blueberry( Vaccinium ashei Reade) as research objects,changes in growth indexes and photosynthetic characteristics of seedlings after drought or flooding stressed for 14 d and recovering normal water supplying were analyzed and compared. The results show that after drought or flooding stressed for 14 d,growths of two cultivar seedlings are inhibited severely,and their dry weight of root,dry weight of stem and leaf,seedling relative growth rate and net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate of leaf all are significantly lower than those of the control,while root / shoot ratio and stomatal limitation value are basically higher than those of the control and there is a significant difference in stomatal limitation value between treatment group and the control. After recovering normal water supplying for 60 d,dry weight of root and dry weight of stem and leaf of two cultivars are still lower than those of the control,relative growth rate is close to or higher than that of the control,and root / shoot ratio is higher than that of the control. After drought or flooding stressed for 7 and14 d,chlorophyll content index( CCI),the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ( Fv/ Fm) and effective quantum yield of PSⅡ〔Y( Ⅱ) 〕of leaf of two cultivars are generally lower than those of the control. After releasing of drought stress,CCI value and Fv/ Fmvalue of leaf of two cultivars quickly recover to the control level,while after releasing of flooding stress for 7 d,their CCI value and Fv/ Fm value are still decreased continuously,and recover to the control level until releasing of flooding stress for14 d. After releasing of drought or flooding stress for 7 d,Y( Ⅱ) value of leaf of two cultivars is still decreased continuously,and recover to the control level after releasing of drought or flooding stress for 14 d. The comprehensive comparison result shows that drought or flooding stress has a certain inhibition effect on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of cultivar ‘Powderblue 'and ‘Gardenblue 'of V.ashei and the inhibition effect of flooding stress is stronger,but the inhibition effect is reversible,and their growth and photosynthetic characteristics are recovered at different degrees after releasing of drought or flooding stress. Moreover,stomatal limitation factor is the dominant factor leading to photosynthetic capacity decreasing of two cultivars under water stress condition.
Taking two-year-old cutting seedlings of cultivar‘Powderblue'and‘Gardenblue'of rabbiteye blueberry( Vaccinium ashei Reade) as research objects,changes in growth indexes and photosynthetic characteristics of seedlings after drought or flooding stressed for 14 d and recovering normal water supplying were analyzed and compared. The results show that after drought or flooding stressed for 14 d,growths of two cultivar seedlings are inhibited severely,and their dry weight of root,dry weight of stem and leaf,seedling relative growth rate and net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate of leaf all are significantly lower than those of the control,while root / shoot ratio and stomatal limitation value are basically higher than those of the control and there is a significant difference in stomatal limitation value between treatment group and the control. After recovering normal water supplying for 60 d,dry weight of root and dry weight of stem and leaf of two cultivars are still lower than those of the control,relative growth rate is close to or higher than that of the control,and root / shoot ratio is higher than that of the control. After drought or flooding stressed for 7 and14 d,chlorophyll content index( CCI),the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ( Fv/ Fm) and effective quantum yield of PSⅡ〔Y( Ⅱ) 〕of leaf of two cultivars are generally lower than those of the control. After releasing of drought stress,CCI value and Fv/ Fmvalue of leaf of two cultivars quickly recover to the control level,while after releasing of flooding stress for 7 d,their CCI value and Fv/ Fm value are still decreased continuously,and recover to the control level until releasing of flooding stress for14 d. After releasing of drought or flooding stress for 7 d,Y( Ⅱ) value of leaf of two cultivars is still decreased continuously,and recover to the control level after releasing of drought or flooding stress for 14 d. The comprehensive comparison result shows that drought or flooding stress has a certain inhibition effect on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of cultivar ‘Powderblue 'and ‘Gardenblue 'of V.ashei and the inhibition effect of flooding stress is stronger,but the inhibition effect is reversible,and their growth and photosynthetic characteristics are recovered at different degrees after releasing of drought or flooding stress. Moreover,stomatal limitation factor is the dominant factor leading to photosynthetic capacity decreasing of two cultivars under water stress condition.
引文
[1]顾姻,贺善安.蓝浆果与蔓越桔[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:419.
[2]於虹,贺善安,顾姻.我国和世界蓝浆果的发展前景[J].植物资源与环境学报,2001,10(2):52-55.
[3]ERB W A,DRAPER A D,SWARTZ H J.Screening interspecific blueberry seedling populations for drought resistance[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1988,113:599-604.
[4]ERB W A.Improved drought tolerance and root development as components of a scheme to breed blueberries for mineral soil adaptability[J].Euphytica,1993,70:9-16.
[5]CRANE J H,DAVIES F S.Responds of rabbiteye blueberries to flooding[J].Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society,1985,98:153-155.
[6]DAVIES F S,FLORE J A.Flooding,gas exchange and hydraulic root conductivity of highbush blueberry[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1986,67:545-551.
[7]ABBOTT J D,GOUGH R E.Prolonged flooding effects on anatomy of highbush blueberry[J].Hort Science,1987,22:622-625.
[8]MINGEAU M,PERRIER C,AMGLIO T.Evidence of droughtsensitive periods from flowering to maturity on highbush blueberry[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2001,89:23-40.
[9]GLASS V M,PERCIVAL D C,PROCTOR J T A.Tolerance of lowbush blueberries(Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)to drought stress.Ⅰ.Soil water and yield component analysis[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,2005,85:911-917.
[10]吴林,李亚东,张志东,等.三种类型越桔在淹水逆境下生理及形态反应的比较[J].园艺学报,1997,24(3):287-288.
[11]吴林,李亚东,张志东,等.三种类型越桔对干旱胁迫的生理反应[J].吉林农业大学学报,1998,20(2):1-4.
[12]吴林,李亚东,张志东,等.淹水、干旱条件下北空越桔生理反应的研究[J].果树科学,1998,15(2):137-140.
[13]吴林,张志东,李亚东,等.越桔耐涝品种的筛选[J].吉林农业科学,2002,27(2):46-48.
[14]马琳娜,吴林,刘海广.水分胁迫下越橘品种“北陆”和“蓝丰”的生理反应[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(16):8434-8435,8461.
[15]张德巧,徐增莱,褚晓芳,等.蓝莓叶片与抗旱性相关的解剖结构指标研究[J].果树学报,2008,25(6):864-867.
[16]陈文荣,曾玮玮,李云霞,等.高丛蓝莓对干旱胁迫的生理响应及其抗旱性综合评价[J].园艺学报,2012,39(4):637-646.
[17]方品武,王瑶,张群英,等.干旱胁迫下蓝莓苗木抗旱指标的初步筛选[J].中国园艺文摘,2012(11):18-19.
[18]於虹,顾姻,贺善安.我国南方地区越橘栽培现状及发展展望[J].中国果树,2009(3):68-72.
[19]DAVIES F S,JOHNSON C R.Water stress,growth,and critical water potentials of rabbiteye[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1982,107:6-8.
[20]ABBOTT J D,GOUGH R E.Growth and survival of the highbush blueberry in response to root zone flooding[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1987,112:603-608.
[21]CRANE J H,DAVIES F S.Flooding duration and seasonal effects on growth and development of young rabbiteye blueberry plants[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1988,113:180-184.
[22]CAMERON J S,BRUN C A,HARTLEY C A.The influence of soil moisture stress on the growth and gas exchange characteristics of young highbush blueberry plants(Vaccinium corymbosum L.)[J].Acta Horticulturae(ISHS),1989,241:254-259.
[23]FLEXAS J,MEDRANO H.Drought-inhibition of photosynthesis in C3plants:stomatal and non-stomatal limitations revisited[J].Annals of Botany,2002,89:183-189.
[24]GRASSI G,MAGNANI F.Stomatal,mesophyll conductance and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis as affected by drought and leaf ontogeny in ash and oak trees[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2005,28:834-849.
[25]DAVIES F S,FLORE J A.Short-term flooding effects on gas exchange and quantum yield of rabbiteye blueberry(Vaccinium ashei Reade)[J].Plant Physiology,1986,81:289-292.
[26]ERB W A,DRAPER A D,SWARTZ H J.Combining ability for canopy growth and gas exchange of interspecific blueberries under moderate water deficit[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1991,116:569-573.
[27]GLASS V M,PERCIVAL D C,PROCTOR J T A.Influence of decreasing soil moisture on stem water potential,transpiration rate and carbon exchange rate of the lowbush blueberry(Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)in a controlled environment[J].The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology,2003,78:359-364.
[28]许大全.光合作用气孔限制分析中的一些问题[J].植物生理学通讯,1997,33(4):241-244.
[29]曹慧,韩振海,许雪峰.水分胁迫下苹果属植物叶片叶绿素降解的膜脂过氧化损伤作用[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(10):1191-1195.
[30]克热木·伊力,王丽娜,侯江涛.水分胁迫对扁桃砧木干物质和叶绿素含量的影响[J].经济林研究,2007,25(4):1-5.
[31]赵天宏,沈秀瑛,杨德光,等.水分胁迫及复水对玉米叶片叶绿素含量和光合作用的影响[J].杂粮作物,2003,23(1):33-35.
[32]梁芳,郑成淑,孙宪芝,等.低温弱光胁迫及恢复对切花菊光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(1):29-35.
[2]於虹,贺善安,顾姻.我国和世界蓝浆果的发展前景[J].植物资源与环境学报,2001,10(2):52-55.
[3]ERB W A,DRAPER A D,SWARTZ H J.Screening interspecific blueberry seedling populations for drought resistance[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1988,113:599-604.
[4]ERB W A.Improved drought tolerance and root development as components of a scheme to breed blueberries for mineral soil adaptability[J].Euphytica,1993,70:9-16.
[5]CRANE J H,DAVIES F S.Responds of rabbiteye blueberries to flooding[J].Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society,1985,98:153-155.
[6]DAVIES F S,FLORE J A.Flooding,gas exchange and hydraulic root conductivity of highbush blueberry[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1986,67:545-551.
[7]ABBOTT J D,GOUGH R E.Prolonged flooding effects on anatomy of highbush blueberry[J].Hort Science,1987,22:622-625.
[8]MINGEAU M,PERRIER C,AMGLIO T.Evidence of droughtsensitive periods from flowering to maturity on highbush blueberry[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2001,89:23-40.
[9]GLASS V M,PERCIVAL D C,PROCTOR J T A.Tolerance of lowbush blueberries(Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)to drought stress.Ⅰ.Soil water and yield component analysis[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,2005,85:911-917.
[10]吴林,李亚东,张志东,等.三种类型越桔在淹水逆境下生理及形态反应的比较[J].园艺学报,1997,24(3):287-288.
[11]吴林,李亚东,张志东,等.三种类型越桔对干旱胁迫的生理反应[J].吉林农业大学学报,1998,20(2):1-4.
[12]吴林,李亚东,张志东,等.淹水、干旱条件下北空越桔生理反应的研究[J].果树科学,1998,15(2):137-140.
[13]吴林,张志东,李亚东,等.越桔耐涝品种的筛选[J].吉林农业科学,2002,27(2):46-48.
[14]马琳娜,吴林,刘海广.水分胁迫下越橘品种“北陆”和“蓝丰”的生理反应[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(16):8434-8435,8461.
[15]张德巧,徐增莱,褚晓芳,等.蓝莓叶片与抗旱性相关的解剖结构指标研究[J].果树学报,2008,25(6):864-867.
[16]陈文荣,曾玮玮,李云霞,等.高丛蓝莓对干旱胁迫的生理响应及其抗旱性综合评价[J].园艺学报,2012,39(4):637-646.
[17]方品武,王瑶,张群英,等.干旱胁迫下蓝莓苗木抗旱指标的初步筛选[J].中国园艺文摘,2012(11):18-19.
[18]於虹,顾姻,贺善安.我国南方地区越橘栽培现状及发展展望[J].中国果树,2009(3):68-72.
[19]DAVIES F S,JOHNSON C R.Water stress,growth,and critical water potentials of rabbiteye[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1982,107:6-8.
[20]ABBOTT J D,GOUGH R E.Growth and survival of the highbush blueberry in response to root zone flooding[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1987,112:603-608.
[21]CRANE J H,DAVIES F S.Flooding duration and seasonal effects on growth and development of young rabbiteye blueberry plants[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1988,113:180-184.
[22]CAMERON J S,BRUN C A,HARTLEY C A.The influence of soil moisture stress on the growth and gas exchange characteristics of young highbush blueberry plants(Vaccinium corymbosum L.)[J].Acta Horticulturae(ISHS),1989,241:254-259.
[23]FLEXAS J,MEDRANO H.Drought-inhibition of photosynthesis in C3plants:stomatal and non-stomatal limitations revisited[J].Annals of Botany,2002,89:183-189.
[24]GRASSI G,MAGNANI F.Stomatal,mesophyll conductance and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis as affected by drought and leaf ontogeny in ash and oak trees[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,2005,28:834-849.
[25]DAVIES F S,FLORE J A.Short-term flooding effects on gas exchange and quantum yield of rabbiteye blueberry(Vaccinium ashei Reade)[J].Plant Physiology,1986,81:289-292.
[26]ERB W A,DRAPER A D,SWARTZ H J.Combining ability for canopy growth and gas exchange of interspecific blueberries under moderate water deficit[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1991,116:569-573.
[27]GLASS V M,PERCIVAL D C,PROCTOR J T A.Influence of decreasing soil moisture on stem water potential,transpiration rate and carbon exchange rate of the lowbush blueberry(Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)in a controlled environment[J].The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology,2003,78:359-364.
[28]许大全.光合作用气孔限制分析中的一些问题[J].植物生理学通讯,1997,33(4):241-244.
[29]曹慧,韩振海,许雪峰.水分胁迫下苹果属植物叶片叶绿素降解的膜脂过氧化损伤作用[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(10):1191-1195.
[30]克热木·伊力,王丽娜,侯江涛.水分胁迫对扁桃砧木干物质和叶绿素含量的影响[J].经济林研究,2007,25(4):1-5.
[31]赵天宏,沈秀瑛,杨德光,等.水分胁迫及复水对玉米叶片叶绿素含量和光合作用的影响[J].杂粮作物,2003,23(1):33-35.
[32]梁芳,郑成淑,孙宪芝,等.低温弱光胁迫及恢复对切花菊光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(1):29-35.