莺歌海盆地坳陷斜坡带低孔特低渗气藏形成条件及勘探潜力
|
摘要
综合地化、储层、地震、测井、测试等相关资料,详细调查了莺歌海盆地坳陷斜坡带乐东峡谷水道已发现气藏特征及成藏关键地质因素,结果表明:该区中新统气藏具有"三低一高"(低孔、低渗、低含气饱和度及异常高压)和流度低的特点,类似于高温高压的致密砂岩气藏。坳陷斜坡具有形成低孔低渗砂岩气藏的有利条件:(1)发育高成熟富陆源有机质的中新统烃源岩及渐新统崖城组含煤烃源岩,烃源条件好;(2)中新统三角洲及水道-海底扇砂岩受强烈压实作用以及钙质胶结的影响,具低孔特低渗特征,分布较广且厚度大,构成了天然气的重要聚集场所;(3)天然气通过隐伏断裂沟源+接触式充注,"甜点"储层富集成藏。初步预测坳陷斜坡带南段具备千亿立方米以上天然气储量规模,勘探潜力大。
This paper,through comprehensive analysis on geochemical,reservoir,seismic,well logging and formation testing data,investigated characteristics of the gas reservoirs discovered in Ledong area channel fillings on the depression slope belt,Yinggehai basin and its geological conditions of gas accumulation.The result shows that the Miocene gas reservoir in this zone has characteristics of"three low(low porosity,low permeability,low gas saturation)&one high(abnormal overpressure)"and slow fluidity,which is similar to the features of tight sandstone gas reservoir with high pressure and high temperature.Available data indicate that the zone is of the conditions beneficial to the formation of low porosity and low permeability gas reservoirs:(1)there are terrigenous organic-rich Miocene source rocks and Oligocene Yacheng coal-bearing source rocks with high thermal evolution degree,supplying abundant gas;(2)the Miocene delta and channel-submarine fan sandstone reservoirs experienced strong compacting action and calcite cementing,and formed the features of low porosity and ultralow permeability,with large gross thickness of sand bodies and wide distribution,which offered important space for gas accumulation;(3)gas migrated into reservoir through pathways of"hidden fault"and contact-type charging,and reservoir"sweet spots"are more favorable for gas accumulation.Preliminary study results reveal that the southern section of the depression slope zone has relatively great exploration potential with the gas reserve exceeding 100 billion cubic meters.
This paper,through comprehensive analysis on geochemical,reservoir,seismic,well logging and formation testing data,investigated characteristics of the gas reservoirs discovered in Ledong area channel fillings on the depression slope belt,Yinggehai basin and its geological conditions of gas accumulation.The result shows that the Miocene gas reservoir in this zone has characteristics of"three low(low porosity,low permeability,low gas saturation)&one high(abnormal overpressure)"and slow fluidity,which is similar to the features of tight sandstone gas reservoir with high pressure and high temperature.Available data indicate that the zone is of the conditions beneficial to the formation of low porosity and low permeability gas reservoirs:(1)there are terrigenous organic-rich Miocene source rocks and Oligocene Yacheng coal-bearing source rocks with high thermal evolution degree,supplying abundant gas;(2)the Miocene delta and channel-submarine fan sandstone reservoirs experienced strong compacting action and calcite cementing,and formed the features of low porosity and ultralow permeability,with large gross thickness of sand bodies and wide distribution,which offered important space for gas accumulation;(3)gas migrated into reservoir through pathways of"hidden fault"and contact-type charging,and reservoir"sweet spots"are more favorable for gas accumulation.Preliminary study results reveal that the southern section of the depression slope zone has relatively great exploration potential with the gas reserve exceeding 100 billion cubic meters.
引文
[1]董伟良,黄保家.东方1-1气田天然气组成的不均一性与幕式充注[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(2):15-18.DONG Weiliang,HUANG Baojia.Heterogeneity of natural gases and the episodic charging process:a case study for Dongfang 1-1 gas field,Yinggehai basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1999,26(2):15-18.
[2]杨计海.莺-琼盆地温压场与天然气运聚关系[J].天然气工业,1999,19(1):39-43.YANG Jihai.Influence of geothermal-geopressure field on the migration and accumulation of natural gas in Yinggehai basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,1999,19(1):39-43.
[3]HUANG B J,XIAO X M,DONG W L.Migration and accumulation of natural gases and their relationship to the formation of diapir structures in the Dongfang gas field,South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2002,19:861-872.
[4]HUANG B J,XIAO X M,HU Z L.Geochemistry and episodic accumulation of natural gases from the Ledong gas field in the Yinggehai Basin,offshore South China Sea[J].Organic Geochemistry,2005,36(12):1689-1702.
[5]李绪深,裴健翔,李彦丽.莺歌海盆地乐东气田天然气成藏条件及富集模式[J].天然气工业,2013,33(11):16-21.LI Xushen,PEI Jianxiang,LI Yanli.Gas play conditions and accumulation patterns of the Ledong gas fields,Yinggehai basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(11):16-21.
[6]王振峰,裴健翔.莺歌海盆地中深层黄流组高压气藏形成新模式:DF14井钻获强超压优质高产天然气层的意义[J].中国海上油气,2011,23(4):213-217.WANG Zhenfeng PEI Jianxiang.A new accumulation model of high pressure gas in Huangliu Formation of the middledeep interval in Yinggehai basin:the significance of discovering agood-quality gas pay with overpressure and high production in Well DF14[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2011,23(4):213-217.
[7]谢玉洪,黄保家.南海莺歌海盆地东方13-1高温高压气田特征与成藏机理[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(8):1731-1739.XIE Yuhong,HUANG Baojia.Characteristics and accumulation mechanisms of the Dongfang 13-1 high temperature and overpressured gas field in the Yinggehai Basin,the South China Sea[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2014,57(11):2799-2807.
[8]谢玉洪,李绪深,童传新,等.莺歌海盆地中央底辟带高温高压天然气富集条件、分布规律和成藏模式[J].中国海上油气,2015,27(4):1-12.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2015.04.001.XIE Yuhong,LI Xushen,TONG Chuanxin,et al.High temperature and high pressure gas enrichment condition,distribution law and accumulation model in central diapir zone of Yinggehai basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2015,27(4):1-12.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2015.04.001.
[9]谢玉洪,王振峰,解习农,等.莺歌海盆地坡折带特征及其对沉积体系的控制[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2004,29(5):569-574.XIE Yuhong,WANG Zhenfeng,XIE Xinong,et al.Patterns of slope-break zone and their depositional models in the Yinggehai Basin[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geoscience,2004,29(5):569-574.
[10]张建新,党亚云,何小胡,等.莺歌海盆地乐东区峡谷水道成因及沉积特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2015,35(5):29-36.ZHANG Jianxin,DANG Yayun,HE Xiaohu,et al.Origin and sedimentary characteristics of canyon channels in Ledong aera of Yinggehai basin[J].Ocean Geology and Quaternary Geology,2015,35(5):29-36.
[11]KUUSKRAA V A.Tight sands gas as U.S.gas source[J].Oil&Gas Journal,1996,94(12):102-107.
[12]BRUCE S H.Seismic expression of fracture-swarm sweet spots,Upper Cretaceous tight-gas reservoirs,San Juan Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(10):1519-1534.
[13]童晓光,郭彬程,李建忠,等.中美致密砂岩气成藏分布异同点比较研究与意义[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(6):9-15.TONG Xiaoguang,GUO Bincheng,LI Jianzhong,et al.Comparison study on accumulation&distribution of tight sandstone gas between China and the United States and its significance[J].Engineering Sciences,2012,14(6):9-15.
[14]MASTERS J A.Deep basin gas trap,Western Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,1979,63(2):152-181.
[15]GHANIZADEH A,CLARKSON C R,AQUINO S,et al.Petrophysical and geomechanical characteristics of Canadian tight oil and liquid-rich gas reservoirs:I Pore network and permeability characterization[J].Fuel,2015,153(1):664-681.
[16]杨华,付金华,刘新社,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密气成藏条件与勘探开发[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):295-303.YANG Hua,FU Jinhua,LIU Xinshe,et al.Accumulation conditions and exploration and development of tight gas in the Upper Paleozoic of the Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):295-303.
[17]戴金星,倪云燕,吴小奇.中国致密砂岩气及在勘探开发上的重要意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):257-264.DAI Jinxing,NI Yunyan,WU Xiaoqi.Tight gas in China and its significance in exploration and exploitation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):257-264.
[18]王劲松,王文慧,牟兰昇,等.吐哈盆地致密砂岩气成藏特征及勘探方向[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(1):14-17.WANG Jinsong,WANG Wenhui,MOU Lansheng,et al.Characteristic of tight sandstone gas reservoir in Tuha basin and its exploration target[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(1):14-17.
[19]杨克明,朱宏权.川西叠覆型致密砂岩气区地质特征[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(1):1-8.YANG Keming,ZHU Hongquan.Geological characteristics of superposed tight sandstone gas-bearing areas in western Sichuan[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2013,35(1):1-8.
[20]邹才能,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.常规与非常规油气聚集类型、特征、机理及展望:以中国致密油和致密气为例[J].石油学报,2012,33(2):174-185.ZOU Caineng,ZHU Rukai,WU Songtao,et al.Types,characteristics,genesis and prospects of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations:taking tight oil and tight gas in China as an instance[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(2):174-185.
[21]李建忠,郭彬程,郑民,等.中国致密砂岩气主要类型、地质特征与资源潜力[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(4):607-615.LI Jianzhong,GUO Bincheng,ZHENG Min,et al.Main types,geological features and resource potential of tight sandstone gas in China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(4):607-615.
[22]李剑,魏国齐,谢增业,等.中国致密砂岩大气田成藏机理与主控因素:以鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地为例[J].石油学报,2013,34(增刊1):14-15.LI Jian,WEI Guoqi,XIE Zengye et al.Accumulation mechanism and main controlling factors of large tight sandstone gas fields in China:cases study on Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(S1):14-15.
[23]张建新,袁超,党亚云,等.莺歌海盆地乐东区中深层大型储集体发育特征[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(1):62-66.ZHANG Jianxin,YUAN Chao,DANG Yayun,et al.Development characteristics of large reservoirs in medium deep strata of Ledong area in Yinggehai basin[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(1):62-66
[24]戴金星,王庭斌.中国大中型天然气田形成条件与分布规律[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.
[25]黄保家,黄合庭,李里,等.莺琼盆地海相烃源岩特征及高温高压环境有机质热演化[J].海相油气地质,2010,15(3):11-18.HUANG Baojia,HUANG Heting,LI Li,et al.Characteristics of marine source rocks and effect of high temperature and overpressure to organic matter maturation in Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan Basins[J].Marine Oil&Gas Geology,2010,15(3):11-18.
[26]ZHU Weilin,HUANG Baojia,MI Lijun,et al.Geochemistry,origin and deep-water exploration potential of natural gases in the Pearl River Mouth and Qiongdongnan Basins,South China Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(6):741-761.
[27]朱伟林.南海北部大陆边缘盆地天然气地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007.
[28]李绪深,张迎朝,杨希冰,等.莺歌海-琼东南盆地天然气勘探新认识与新进展[J].中国海上油气,2017,29(6):1-11.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2017.06.001.LI Xushen,ZHANG Yingzhao,YANG Xibing,et al.New understandings and achievements of natural gas exploration in Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan basin,South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2017,29(6):1-11.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2017.06.001.
[29]魏国齐,张福东,李君,等.中国致密砂岩气成藏理论进展[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(2):199-210.WEI Guoqi,ZHANG Fudong,LI Jun,et al.New progress of tight sand gas accumulation theory and favorable explortaion zones in China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(2):199-210.
[2]杨计海.莺-琼盆地温压场与天然气运聚关系[J].天然气工业,1999,19(1):39-43.YANG Jihai.Influence of geothermal-geopressure field on the migration and accumulation of natural gas in Yinggehai basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,1999,19(1):39-43.
[3]HUANG B J,XIAO X M,DONG W L.Migration and accumulation of natural gases and their relationship to the formation of diapir structures in the Dongfang gas field,South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2002,19:861-872.
[4]HUANG B J,XIAO X M,HU Z L.Geochemistry and episodic accumulation of natural gases from the Ledong gas field in the Yinggehai Basin,offshore South China Sea[J].Organic Geochemistry,2005,36(12):1689-1702.
[5]李绪深,裴健翔,李彦丽.莺歌海盆地乐东气田天然气成藏条件及富集模式[J].天然气工业,2013,33(11):16-21.LI Xushen,PEI Jianxiang,LI Yanli.Gas play conditions and accumulation patterns of the Ledong gas fields,Yinggehai basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(11):16-21.
[6]王振峰,裴健翔.莺歌海盆地中深层黄流组高压气藏形成新模式:DF14井钻获强超压优质高产天然气层的意义[J].中国海上油气,2011,23(4):213-217.WANG Zhenfeng PEI Jianxiang.A new accumulation model of high pressure gas in Huangliu Formation of the middledeep interval in Yinggehai basin:the significance of discovering agood-quality gas pay with overpressure and high production in Well DF14[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2011,23(4):213-217.
[7]谢玉洪,黄保家.南海莺歌海盆地东方13-1高温高压气田特征与成藏机理[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(8):1731-1739.XIE Yuhong,HUANG Baojia.Characteristics and accumulation mechanisms of the Dongfang 13-1 high temperature and overpressured gas field in the Yinggehai Basin,the South China Sea[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2014,57(11):2799-2807.
[8]谢玉洪,李绪深,童传新,等.莺歌海盆地中央底辟带高温高压天然气富集条件、分布规律和成藏模式[J].中国海上油气,2015,27(4):1-12.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2015.04.001.XIE Yuhong,LI Xushen,TONG Chuanxin,et al.High temperature and high pressure gas enrichment condition,distribution law and accumulation model in central diapir zone of Yinggehai basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2015,27(4):1-12.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2015.04.001.
[9]谢玉洪,王振峰,解习农,等.莺歌海盆地坡折带特征及其对沉积体系的控制[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2004,29(5):569-574.XIE Yuhong,WANG Zhenfeng,XIE Xinong,et al.Patterns of slope-break zone and their depositional models in the Yinggehai Basin[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geoscience,2004,29(5):569-574.
[10]张建新,党亚云,何小胡,等.莺歌海盆地乐东区峡谷水道成因及沉积特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2015,35(5):29-36.ZHANG Jianxin,DANG Yayun,HE Xiaohu,et al.Origin and sedimentary characteristics of canyon channels in Ledong aera of Yinggehai basin[J].Ocean Geology and Quaternary Geology,2015,35(5):29-36.
[11]KUUSKRAA V A.Tight sands gas as U.S.gas source[J].Oil&Gas Journal,1996,94(12):102-107.
[12]BRUCE S H.Seismic expression of fracture-swarm sweet spots,Upper Cretaceous tight-gas reservoirs,San Juan Basin[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(10):1519-1534.
[13]童晓光,郭彬程,李建忠,等.中美致密砂岩气成藏分布异同点比较研究与意义[J].中国工程科学,2012,14(6):9-15.TONG Xiaoguang,GUO Bincheng,LI Jianzhong,et al.Comparison study on accumulation&distribution of tight sandstone gas between China and the United States and its significance[J].Engineering Sciences,2012,14(6):9-15.
[14]MASTERS J A.Deep basin gas trap,Western Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,1979,63(2):152-181.
[15]GHANIZADEH A,CLARKSON C R,AQUINO S,et al.Petrophysical and geomechanical characteristics of Canadian tight oil and liquid-rich gas reservoirs:I Pore network and permeability characterization[J].Fuel,2015,153(1):664-681.
[16]杨华,付金华,刘新社,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界致密气成藏条件与勘探开发[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):295-303.YANG Hua,FU Jinhua,LIU Xinshe,et al.Accumulation conditions and exploration and development of tight gas in the Upper Paleozoic of the Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):295-303.
[17]戴金星,倪云燕,吴小奇.中国致密砂岩气及在勘探开发上的重要意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):257-264.DAI Jinxing,NI Yunyan,WU Xiaoqi.Tight gas in China and its significance in exploration and exploitation[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):257-264.
[18]王劲松,王文慧,牟兰昇,等.吐哈盆地致密砂岩气成藏特征及勘探方向[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(1):14-17.WANG Jinsong,WANG Wenhui,MOU Lansheng,et al.Characteristic of tight sandstone gas reservoir in Tuha basin and its exploration target[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(1):14-17.
[19]杨克明,朱宏权.川西叠覆型致密砂岩气区地质特征[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(1):1-8.YANG Keming,ZHU Hongquan.Geological characteristics of superposed tight sandstone gas-bearing areas in western Sichuan[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2013,35(1):1-8.
[20]邹才能,朱如凯,吴松涛,等.常规与非常规油气聚集类型、特征、机理及展望:以中国致密油和致密气为例[J].石油学报,2012,33(2):174-185.ZOU Caineng,ZHU Rukai,WU Songtao,et al.Types,characteristics,genesis and prospects of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon accumulations:taking tight oil and tight gas in China as an instance[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(2):174-185.
[21]李建忠,郭彬程,郑民,等.中国致密砂岩气主要类型、地质特征与资源潜力[J].天然气地球科学,2012,23(4):607-615.LI Jianzhong,GUO Bincheng,ZHENG Min,et al.Main types,geological features and resource potential of tight sandstone gas in China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2012,23(4):607-615.
[22]李剑,魏国齐,谢增业,等.中国致密砂岩大气田成藏机理与主控因素:以鄂尔多斯盆地和四川盆地为例[J].石油学报,2013,34(增刊1):14-15.LI Jian,WEI Guoqi,XIE Zengye et al.Accumulation mechanism and main controlling factors of large tight sandstone gas fields in China:cases study on Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(S1):14-15.
[23]张建新,袁超,党亚云,等.莺歌海盆地乐东区中深层大型储集体发育特征[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(1):62-66.ZHANG Jianxin,YUAN Chao,DANG Yayun,et al.Development characteristics of large reservoirs in medium deep strata of Ledong area in Yinggehai basin[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(1):62-66
[24]戴金星,王庭斌.中国大中型天然气田形成条件与分布规律[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.
[25]黄保家,黄合庭,李里,等.莺琼盆地海相烃源岩特征及高温高压环境有机质热演化[J].海相油气地质,2010,15(3):11-18.HUANG Baojia,HUANG Heting,LI Li,et al.Characteristics of marine source rocks and effect of high temperature and overpressure to organic matter maturation in Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan Basins[J].Marine Oil&Gas Geology,2010,15(3):11-18.
[26]ZHU Weilin,HUANG Baojia,MI Lijun,et al.Geochemistry,origin and deep-water exploration potential of natural gases in the Pearl River Mouth and Qiongdongnan Basins,South China Sea[J].AAPG Bulletin,2009,93(6):741-761.
[27]朱伟林.南海北部大陆边缘盆地天然气地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007.
[28]李绪深,张迎朝,杨希冰,等.莺歌海-琼东南盆地天然气勘探新认识与新进展[J].中国海上油气,2017,29(6):1-11.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2017.06.001.LI Xushen,ZHANG Yingzhao,YANG Xibing,et al.New understandings and achievements of natural gas exploration in Yinggehai-Qiongdongnan basin,South China Sea[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2017,29(6):1-11.DOI:10.11935/j.issn.1673-1506.2017.06.001.
[29]魏国齐,张福东,李君,等.中国致密砂岩气成藏理论进展[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(2):199-210.WEI Guoqi,ZHANG Fudong,LI Jun,et al.New progress of tight sand gas accumulation theory and favorable explortaion zones in China[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(2):199-210.