核事故下放射性核素多介质耦合弥散模型
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摘要
建立了高斯烟团模型与欧拉输运扩散模型的耦合模型,以实现放射性核素在大气以及水体中弥散的耦合。通过对大气和水体弥散模型进行对比,验证了各个模块的正确性。基于该模型,对中国铅基研究实验堆发生燃料组件熔化事故释放的~(131)I进行仿真分析,对该核素在大气以及水体中的浓度分布进行评估。模拟结果表明:事故发生2 h后大气污染主要分布在10 km内,水域污染主要分布在10~20 km处;在该模拟条件下,铅基堆发生燃料组件熔化事故后对大气和水体造成的影响均低于国家限值。
In order to predict the dispersion of radionuclides both in atmosphere and aquatorium, a new model was established to couple the Gaussian puff model and Eulerian model. The results of the coupling model presented good agreements with the references, which demonstrated the validity of all the modules. The coupling model was applied to the simulation of diffusion and concentration distribution of ~(131)I in atmospheric and aquatic medium in the fuel assembly meltdown accident of China lead-based experiment reactor. The results showed that the distribution range of atmospheric pollutions was within 10 km 2 h after accident, meanwhile distribution range of aquatic pollutions was between 10 km and 20 km. In the fuel assembly meltdown accident, the contaminant concentration in atmospheric and aquatic is still below the national standard limit.
In order to predict the dispersion of radionuclides both in atmosphere and aquatorium, a new model was established to couple the Gaussian puff model and Eulerian model. The results of the coupling model presented good agreements with the references, which demonstrated the validity of all the modules. The coupling model was applied to the simulation of diffusion and concentration distribution of ~(131)I in atmospheric and aquatic medium in the fuel assembly meltdown accident of China lead-based experiment reactor. The results showed that the distribution range of atmospheric pollutions was within 10 km 2 h after accident, meanwhile distribution range of aquatic pollutions was between 10 km and 20 km. In the fuel assembly meltdown accident, the contaminant concentration in atmospheric and aquatic is still below the national standard limit.
引文
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14 胡二邦,陈家宜.核电厂大气扩散及其环境影响评价[M].北京:原子能出版社,1999:87-88.HU Erbang,CHEN Jiayi.Atmospheric diffusion and environmental impact assessment of nuclear power plant[M].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,1999:87-88.
15 余琦,刘原中.分段烟羽模型和烟团模型在核事故应急中的应用比较[J].核科学与工程,2001,21(3):288-292 .DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0258-0918.2001.03.016.YU Qi,LIU Yuanzhong.Application of a Gaussian segmented plume model and a lagrangian puff model during the nuclear emergency[J].Chinese Journal of Nuclear Science and Engineering,2001,21(3):288-292.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0258-0918.2001.03.016.
16 蒋维楣.空气污染气象学教程[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:99-100.JIANG Weimei.Air pollution meteorology[M].Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,2003:99-100.
17 曹博,杨晔,陈义学.放射性核素大气扩散程序SDUG的开发与初步验证[J].原子能科学技术,2013,47(Z):472 -476.DOI:10.7538/yzk.2013.47.S1.0472.CAO Bo,YANG Ye,CHEN Yixue.Development and preliminary verification of atmospheric dispersion code SDUG of radionuclide[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2013,47(Z):472-476.DOI:10.7538/yzk.2013.47.S1.0472.
18 刘培桐.环境学概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995:76-77.LIU Peitong.Environmental sciences introduction[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1995:76-77.
19 IAEA.Safety reports series No.19[R].Vienna:International Atomic Energy Agency,2001:167-168.
20 Arytanbekova N K.Application of Gaussian plume models for air pollution simulation at instantaneous emissions[J].Mathematics and Computers in Simulation,2004,67(03):451-458.DOI:10.1016/j.matcom.2004.06.023.
21 周强,拓飞,徐翠华,等.核辐射突发事件气载放射性物质大气弥散计算软件的研发[J].中国医学装备,2014,11 (4):16-17.DOI:10.3969/J.ISSN.1672-8270.2014.04.005.ZHOU Qiang,TUO Fei,XU Cuihua,et al.Research on the nuclear radiation emergencies airborne radioactive material atmospheric dispersion calculation software[J].China Medical Equipment,2014,11(4):16-17.DOI:10.3969/J.ISSN.1672-8270.2014.04.005.
22 张玉珍.基于CALPUFF模型的核电站事故源项大气扩散研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2010:17-18.ZHANG Yuzhen.Atmosphere dispersion research of accident source terms in nuclear power plant on CALPUFF[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2010:17-18.
23 孔衍,任鑫,李振杰.水质中放射性核素瞬态三维扩散模型的建立与求解[J].数学的实践与认识,2013,43(1):157-158.KONG Yan,REN Xin,LI Zhenjie.Foundation and calculation of transient model of 3 dimension diffusion of radionuclide in liquid[J].Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2013,43(1):157-158.
24 郭倩.铅基堆典型事故工况挥发性气载放射性源项及后果研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2015:50-52.GUO Qian.Research on volatile airbone source term and consequence assessment under typical accident of Lead-Based Reactor[D].Hefei:University of Science andTechnology of China,2015:50-52.
25 范绍佳,谭康初,李智勤,等.广东沿海地区风场特征[J].中山大学学报,1998,37(4):94-97.FAN Shaojia,TAN Kangchu,LI Zhiqin,et al.Wind field over the coast land of guangdong[J].Acta Scien Tiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,1998,37(4):94-97.
26 国家纪委,国家建委,国防科委,等.放射防护规定[S].北京:原子能出版社,1974.State Development Planning Commission,National Construction,Commission on Science,Technology and Industry for National Defense,et al.Radiological protection regulations[S].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,1974.
2 Yamada M.A brief review of environment impacts and health effects from the accidents at the three mile island,chernobyl and fukushima daiichi nuclear power plants[J].Radiation Emergency Medicine,2012,12(1-2):33-39.
3 刘爱华,蒯琳萍.放射性核素大气弥散模式研究综述[J].气象与环境学报,2011,27(4):59-65.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2011.04.011.LIU Aihua,KUAI Linping.A review on radionuclides atmospheric dispersion models[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2011,27(4):59-65.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-503X.2011.04.011.
4 Tang Z D,Long P C,Huang S Q,et al.Real-time dose assessment and visualization of radiation field for EAST tokamak[J].Fusion Engineering and Design,2010,85 (7-9):1591-1594.DOI:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.04.054.
5 WU Yican,SONG Jing,ZHENG Huaqing,et al.CAD-based Monte Carlo program for integrated simulation of nuclear system super MC[J].Annals of Nuclear Energy,2015,82(SI):161-168.DOI:10.1016/j.anucene.2014.08.058.
6 Wu Y,Xie Z,Fischer U.A discrete ordinates nodal method for one-dimensional neutron transport calculation in curvilinear geometries[J].Nuclear Science and Engineering,1999,133(3):350-357.
7 Wu Y.CAD-based interface programs for fusion neutron transport simulation[J].Fusion Engineering and Design,2009,84(7-11),1987-1992.DOI:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2008.12.041.
8 罗月童,龙鹏程,薛晔,等.面向中子学分析的集成可视化平台SVIP的发展研究[J].核科学与工程,2007,27 (4):374-378.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0258-0918.2007.04.015.LUO Yuetong,LONG Pengcheng,XUE Ye,et al.Development of integrated visualization platform SVIP for neutronics analyses[J].Chinese Journal of Nuclear Science and Engineering,2007,27(4):374-378.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0258-0918.2007.04.015.
9 范言昌,龙鹏程,曾勤,等.结合几何的MCNP计算结果可视化分析系统的研究与实现[J].核科学与工程,2010,30(3):96-101.FAN Yanchang,LONG Pengcheng,ZENG Qin,et al.Research and implementation of a geometry coupled visual analysis system for MCNP[J].Chinese Journal of Nuclear Science and Engineering,2010,30(3):96-101.
10 吴宜灿,何桃,胡丽琴,等.核与辐射安全仿真系统Super MC/RVIS 2.3研发与应用[J].原子能科学技术,2015,29(5):7-15.DOI:10.7538/yzk.2015.49.S0.0007.WU Yican,HE Tao,HU Liqin,et al.Development of virtual reality-based simulation system for nuclear and radiation safety[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2015,29(5):7-15.DOI:10.7538/yzk.2015.49 .S0.0007.
11 吴宜灿,胡丽琴,龙鹏程,等.先进核能系统设计分析软件与数据库研发进展[J].核科学与工程,2010,30(1):55-64.WU Yican,HU Liqin,LONG Pengcheng,et al.Development of design and analysis software for advanced nuclear system[J].Chinese Journal of Nuclear Science and Engineering,2010,30(1):55-64.
12 Wu Y,Team FDS.Development of reliability and probabilistic safety assessment program Risk A[J].Annals of Nuclear Energy,2015,83:316-321.DOI:10.1016/j.anucene.2015.03.020.
13 吴宜灿,柏云清,宋勇,等.中国铅基研究反应堆概念设计研究[J].核科学与工程,2014,34(2):201-208.DOI:10 .3969/j.issn.0258-0918.2014.02.009.WU Yican,BAI Yunqing,SONG Yong,et al.Conceptual design of china lead-based research reactor clear-I[J].Chinese Journal of Nuclear Science and Engineering,2014,34(2):201-208.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0258-0918.2014.02.009.
14 胡二邦,陈家宜.核电厂大气扩散及其环境影响评价[M].北京:原子能出版社,1999:87-88.HU Erbang,CHEN Jiayi.Atmospheric diffusion and environmental impact assessment of nuclear power plant[M].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,1999:87-88.
15 余琦,刘原中.分段烟羽模型和烟团模型在核事故应急中的应用比较[J].核科学与工程,2001,21(3):288-292 .DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0258-0918.2001.03.016.YU Qi,LIU Yuanzhong.Application of a Gaussian segmented plume model and a lagrangian puff model during the nuclear emergency[J].Chinese Journal of Nuclear Science and Engineering,2001,21(3):288-292.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0258-0918.2001.03.016.
16 蒋维楣.空气污染气象学教程[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:99-100.JIANG Weimei.Air pollution meteorology[M].Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,2003:99-100.
17 曹博,杨晔,陈义学.放射性核素大气扩散程序SDUG的开发与初步验证[J].原子能科学技术,2013,47(Z):472 -476.DOI:10.7538/yzk.2013.47.S1.0472.CAO Bo,YANG Ye,CHEN Yixue.Development and preliminary verification of atmospheric dispersion code SDUG of radionuclide[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2013,47(Z):472-476.DOI:10.7538/yzk.2013.47.S1.0472.
18 刘培桐.环境学概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1995:76-77.LIU Peitong.Environmental sciences introduction[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1995:76-77.
19 IAEA.Safety reports series No.19[R].Vienna:International Atomic Energy Agency,2001:167-168.
20 Arytanbekova N K.Application of Gaussian plume models for air pollution simulation at instantaneous emissions[J].Mathematics and Computers in Simulation,2004,67(03):451-458.DOI:10.1016/j.matcom.2004.06.023.
21 周强,拓飞,徐翠华,等.核辐射突发事件气载放射性物质大气弥散计算软件的研发[J].中国医学装备,2014,11 (4):16-17.DOI:10.3969/J.ISSN.1672-8270.2014.04.005.ZHOU Qiang,TUO Fei,XU Cuihua,et al.Research on the nuclear radiation emergencies airborne radioactive material atmospheric dispersion calculation software[J].China Medical Equipment,2014,11(4):16-17.DOI:10.3969/J.ISSN.1672-8270.2014.04.005.
22 张玉珍.基于CALPUFF模型的核电站事故源项大气扩散研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2010:17-18.ZHANG Yuzhen.Atmosphere dispersion research of accident source terms in nuclear power plant on CALPUFF[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2010:17-18.
23 孔衍,任鑫,李振杰.水质中放射性核素瞬态三维扩散模型的建立与求解[J].数学的实践与认识,2013,43(1):157-158.KONG Yan,REN Xin,LI Zhenjie.Foundation and calculation of transient model of 3 dimension diffusion of radionuclide in liquid[J].Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2013,43(1):157-158.
24 郭倩.铅基堆典型事故工况挥发性气载放射性源项及后果研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2015:50-52.GUO Qian.Research on volatile airbone source term and consequence assessment under typical accident of Lead-Based Reactor[D].Hefei:University of Science andTechnology of China,2015:50-52.
25 范绍佳,谭康初,李智勤,等.广东沿海地区风场特征[J].中山大学学报,1998,37(4):94-97.FAN Shaojia,TAN Kangchu,LI Zhiqin,et al.Wind field over the coast land of guangdong[J].Acta Scien Tiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,1998,37(4):94-97.
26 国家纪委,国家建委,国防科委,等.放射防护规定[S].北京:原子能出版社,1974.State Development Planning Commission,National Construction,Commission on Science,Technology and Industry for National Defense,et al.Radiological protection regulations[S].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,1974.