基于HEC-RAS模型的汉江上游东汉时期古洪水事件研究
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摘要
通过对汉江上游古洪水研究成果的整理,发现6个黄土-古土壤沉积剖面可能记录东汉时期一次古洪水事件。选取其中分布较为集中的4个沉积剖面(LJZ、TJZ、QFC-B、LWD-A)所在河段为研究对象,根据合适的地形数据及水文参数,运用HEC-RAS模型对东汉时期古洪水事件进行了水面线计算和演进模拟研究。结果表明,4个沉积剖面的模拟水位与野外调查计算水位较好吻合,误差均小于0.25%;河段内洪峰传播时间历时约3 h,洪峰流量削减1.43%,这符合汉江上游的洪水传播特性。这一方面说明基于HEC-RAS模型对于沉积纪录的东汉时期古洪水事件的模拟结果较为可靠;另一方面也说明4个沉积剖面可能记录东汉时期一次古洪水事件。该研究对于充分认识汉江上游的洪水运动规律具有一定的科学意义;对于流域的防洪减灾和洪水预报具有重要的现实意义。
The study results of the palaeoflood in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River suggest that six loess-paleosol sedimentary profiles may record a palaeoflood event in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Four sedimentary profiles(LJZ,TJZ,QFC-B and LWD-A) located in Yunxi-Yunxian section with relatively concentrated distribution are selected as research objects. Based on appropriate terrain data and appropriate hydrological parameters,the HEC-RAS model was used to calculate the water surface line and flood routing simulation in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The results show that the simulated water level of 4 profiles is in good agreement with the estimated water level in the field survey,and the errors are less than 0. 25%.The peak propagation time is about 3 h,and the peak discharge is reduced by 1. 43%,which is consistent with the flood propagation characteristics in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River. This suggests that the simulation results based on the HEC-RAS model for palaeoflood events in the Eastern Han Dynasty are relatively reliable. In addition,it also shows that four sedimentary profiles may record a palaeoflood event in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The study has scientific significance for fully understanding the flood evolution law in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River; it has important practical significance for flood control and flood forecasting in the Hanjiang River Basin.
The study results of the palaeoflood in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River suggest that six loess-paleosol sedimentary profiles may record a palaeoflood event in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Four sedimentary profiles(LJZ,TJZ,QFC-B and LWD-A) located in Yunxi-Yunxian section with relatively concentrated distribution are selected as research objects. Based on appropriate terrain data and appropriate hydrological parameters,the HEC-RAS model was used to calculate the water surface line and flood routing simulation in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The results show that the simulated water level of 4 profiles is in good agreement with the estimated water level in the field survey,and the errors are less than 0. 25%.The peak propagation time is about 3 h,and the peak discharge is reduced by 1. 43%,which is consistent with the flood propagation characteristics in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River. This suggests that the simulation results based on the HEC-RAS model for palaeoflood events in the Eastern Han Dynasty are relatively reliable. In addition,it also shows that four sedimentary profiles may record a palaeoflood event in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The study has scientific significance for fully understanding the flood evolution law in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River; it has important practical significance for flood control and flood forecasting in the Hanjiang River Basin.
引文
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[18]李文浩.汉江上游流域水文特性分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2004,15(2):54-58.LI Wenhao.Hydrologic characteristics analysis in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2004,15(2):54-58.
[19]辛琛,邓瞻.汉江上游暴雨洪水特性浅析[J].水电站设计,2013,29(2):54-56.XIN Chen,DENG Zhan.Analysis on characteristics of storm flood in upper reaches of Hanjiang River[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,2013,29(2):54-56.
[20]党红梅,周义兵,李定安,等.汉江流域致灾暴雨的天气学分析[J].陕西气象,2011(5):14-17.DANG Hongmei,ZHOU Yibing,LI Dingan,et al.Synoptic analysis caused by disaster rainstorm in upper reaches of Hangjiang River[J].Journal of Shaanxi Meteorology,2011(5):14-17.
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[25]李庆宝.汉江上游十大洪水气象特征分析[J].灾害学,1991(2):43-48.LI Qingbao.Meteorological characters of the ten floods in upper reaches of Hanjiang River[J].Journal of Catastrophology,1991(2):43-48.
[26]沈玉昌.汉水河谷的地貌及其发育历史[J].地理学报,1956,22(4):295-321.SHEN Yuchang.Geomorphology of the Hanshui valley[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1956,22(4):295-321.
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[28]黄春长,李晓刚,庞奖励,等.黄河永和关段全新世古洪水研究[J].地理学报,2012,67(11):1493-1504.HUANG Chunchang,LI Xiaogang,PANG Jiangli,et al.Palaeoflood sedimentological and hydrological studies on the Yongheguan reach in the middle Yellow River[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(11):1493-1504.
[29]乔晶,庞奖励,黄春长,等.汉江上游郧县前坊段全新世古洪水水文学研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(5):533-539.QIAO Jing,PANG Jiangli,HUANG Chunchang,et al.Palaeoflood hydrological study in the Qianfang section of Yunxian county in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River[J].Resources&Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(5):533-539.
[30]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.水文情报预报规范(GB/T22482-2008)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[31]程亮,王宗志,胡四一,等.强烈下渗条件下天然河道洪水演进模拟方法[J].中国科学:地球科学,2015(2):207-215.CHENG Liang,WANG Zongzhi,Hu Siyi,et al.Flood routing model incorporating intensive streambed infiltration[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2015(2):207-215.
[32]詹道江,叶守泽.工程水文学[M].3版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000:234-270.
[33]冯宝飞,高袁,陈瑜彬,等.丹江口水库“10.07”洪水水文气象耦合预报调度[J].人民长江,2011,42(6):41-44.FENG Baofei,GAO Yuan,CHENG Yubin,et al.Coupling technology of hydrology and meteorology for forecast and regulation of flood of Danjiangkou Reservoir in July,2010[J].Yangtze River,2011,42(6):41-44.
[34]沈桂环,李军社.汉江上游“2010.7”特大暴雨洪水分析[J].甘肃科技纵横,2011,40(3):66-67.SHEN Guihuan,LI Junshe.Analysis of“2010.7”Extraordinary Storm Flood in Upper Reaches of Hanjiang River[J].Scienfic&Technical Information of Gansu,2011,40(3):66-67.
[2]乐嘉祥.1949年以来中国的大洪水[J].防汛与抗旱,1999(3):78-92.LE Jiaxiang.The great flood in China since 1949[J].China Flood&Drought Mangement.1999(3):78-92.
[3]王恒松,黄春长,周亚利,等.关中西部千河流域全新世古洪水事件光释光测年研究[J].中国科学(地球科学),2012,42(3):390-401.WANG Hengsong,HUANG Chunchang,ZHOU Yali,et al.OSL dating of the Holocene paleoflood events on the Qianhe River in the Guanzhong Basin,China[J].Science China(Earth Sciences),2012,42(3):390-401.
[4]BAKER V R.Palaeoflood hydrology in a global context[J].Catena,2006,66(1/2):161-168.
[5]THORNDYCRAFT V R,BENITO G.The Holocene fluvial chronology of Spain:Evidence from a newly compiled radiocarbon database[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2006,25:223-234.
[6]SHEFFER N A,RICO M,ENZEL Y,et al.The palaeoflood record of the Gardon River,France:A comparison with the extreme 2002 flood event[J].Geomorphology,2008,98:71-83.
[7]HUANG Chunchang,PANG Jiangli,ZHA Xiaochun,et al.extreme hydro-climatic events during the period AD200-300 recorded by slackwater deposits in the upper Hanjiang River valley,China[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2013,374(433):274-283.
[8]ZHA Xiaochun,HUANG Chunchang,PANG Jiangli,et al.Reconstructing the palaeoflood events from slackwater deposits in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River,China[J].Quaternary International,2015,380:358-367.
[9]ZHA Xiaochun,HUANG Chunchang,PANG Jiangli,et al.Reconstructing the extreme palaeoflood events during3200-2800 a BP in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River Valley,China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,24(3):446-456.
[10]刘科,查小春,黄春长,等.基于HEC-RAS模型的汉江上游庹家洲河段古洪水流量重建研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(10):184-190.LIU Ke,ZHA Xiaochun,HUANG Chunchang,et al.Reconstruction of the palaeoflood discharges at Tuojiazhou section in upper reaches of river Hanjiang by HEC-RAS model[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources&Environment,2014,28(10):184-190.
[11]刘涛,黄春长,庞奖励,等.汉江上游郧县五峰段史前大洪水水文学恢复研究[J].地理学报,2013,68(11):1568-1577.LIU Tao,HUANG Chunchang,PANG Jiangli,et al.Hydrological reconstructions of the pre-historical great floods in the Wufeng Reach of Yunxian County in the upper Hanjiang River[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(11):1568-1577.
[12]卢越,查小春,黄春长,等.汉江上游东汉时期洪水事件的文献记录[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(3):489-494.LU Yue,ZHA Xiaochun,HUANG Chunchang,et al.Extraordinary flood events in the Eastern Han Dynasty recorded by historical documents in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,31(3):489-494.
[13]姬霖.汉江上游东汉时期特大历史洪水考证研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2016.JI Lin.Textual research on the Great historical flood in the Eastern Han Dynasty in the Upper Reaches of Hanjiang River[D].Xi’an:Shaanxi Normal University,2016.
[14]GARY W.HEC-RAS river analysis system hydraulic reference manual[R].USA:U S Army Corps of Engineers,2010.
[15]杨永德,邹宁,郭希望.汉江白河水文站设计洪水分析计算[J].水资源研究,1997,18(3):36-38.YANG Yongde,ZOU Ning,GUO Xiwang,et al.Analysis and calculation of design flood at Baihe gauge station in Hanjiang River[J].Water Resources Research,1997,18(3):36-38.
[16]张楷.汉江上游暴雨洪水特性研究[J].灾害学,2006,21(3):98-102.ZHANG Kai.Analyses of rainstorm and flood characteristics in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2006,21(3):98-102.
[17]苏连璧.汉江洪水成因及其出现规律[J].人民长江,1981(4):84-89.SU Lianbi.Cause and regularity occurence of flood in Hanjiang River[J].Yangtze River,1981(4):84-89.
[18]李文浩.汉江上游流域水文特性分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2004,15(2):54-58.LI Wenhao.Hydrologic characteristics analysis in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2004,15(2):54-58.
[19]辛琛,邓瞻.汉江上游暴雨洪水特性浅析[J].水电站设计,2013,29(2):54-56.XIN Chen,DENG Zhan.Analysis on characteristics of storm flood in upper reaches of Hanjiang River[J].Design of Hydroelectric Power Station,2013,29(2):54-56.
[20]党红梅,周义兵,李定安,等.汉江流域致灾暴雨的天气学分析[J].陕西气象,2011(5):14-17.DANG Hongmei,ZHOU Yibing,LI Dingan,et al.Synoptic analysis caused by disaster rainstorm in upper reaches of Hangjiang River[J].Journal of Shaanxi Meteorology,2011(5):14-17.
[21]赵廷瑞.陕西通志[M].西安:三秦出版社,2006.
[22]石泉县地方志编纂委员会.石泉县志[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,1991.
[23]来天成,郝宗刚.安康“83.8”洪水灾害及防汛工作简析[J].灾害学,1991(3):55-60.LAI Tiancheng,HAO Zonggang.A brief analysis on Ankang“83.8”flood and flood control work[J].Journal of Catastrophology,1991(3):55-60.
[24]杨之麟.汉江上游“83.7”特大洪水与安康水电站设计洪水复核[J].水力发电,1987(4):6-9.YANG Zhilin.The“83.7”flood in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River and the review of the design flood of Ankang Hydropower Station[J].Water Power,1987(4):6-9.
[25]李庆宝.汉江上游十大洪水气象特征分析[J].灾害学,1991(2):43-48.LI Qingbao.Meteorological characters of the ten floods in upper reaches of Hanjiang River[J].Journal of Catastrophology,1991(2):43-48.
[26]沈玉昌.汉水河谷的地貌及其发育历史[J].地理学报,1956,22(4):295-321.SHEN Yuchang.Geomorphology of the Hanshui valley[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1956,22(4):295-321.
[27]武汉水利电力学院水力学教研室.水力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1986:335-336.
[28]黄春长,李晓刚,庞奖励,等.黄河永和关段全新世古洪水研究[J].地理学报,2012,67(11):1493-1504.HUANG Chunchang,LI Xiaogang,PANG Jiangli,et al.Palaeoflood sedimentological and hydrological studies on the Yongheguan reach in the middle Yellow River[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(11):1493-1504.
[29]乔晶,庞奖励,黄春长,等.汉江上游郧县前坊段全新世古洪水水文学研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(5):533-539.QIAO Jing,PANG Jiangli,HUANG Chunchang,et al.Palaeoflood hydrological study in the Qianfang section of Yunxian county in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River[J].Resources&Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(5):533-539.
[30]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.水文情报预报规范(GB/T22482-2008)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[31]程亮,王宗志,胡四一,等.强烈下渗条件下天然河道洪水演进模拟方法[J].中国科学:地球科学,2015(2):207-215.CHENG Liang,WANG Zongzhi,Hu Siyi,et al.Flood routing model incorporating intensive streambed infiltration[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2015(2):207-215.
[32]詹道江,叶守泽.工程水文学[M].3版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2000:234-270.
[33]冯宝飞,高袁,陈瑜彬,等.丹江口水库“10.07”洪水水文气象耦合预报调度[J].人民长江,2011,42(6):41-44.FENG Baofei,GAO Yuan,CHENG Yubin,et al.Coupling technology of hydrology and meteorology for forecast and regulation of flood of Danjiangkou Reservoir in July,2010[J].Yangtze River,2011,42(6):41-44.
[34]沈桂环,李军社.汉江上游“2010.7”特大暴雨洪水分析[J].甘肃科技纵横,2011,40(3):66-67.SHEN Guihuan,LI Junshe.Analysis of“2010.7”Extraordinary Storm Flood in Upper Reaches of Hanjiang River[J].Scienfic&Technical Information of Gansu,2011,40(3):66-67.