我国中部地区入境旅游经济差异时空演变分析
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摘要
[目的/意义]通过分析相关数据,为缩小中部地区城市旅游经济差异、制定区域旅游发展战略提供参考依据,以促进中部地区旅游经济发展和中部崛起战略的实施。[方法/过程]以旅游外汇收入为测度指标,将统计学和ESDA方法结合,分析2003—2013年中部地区城市入境旅游经济差异的时空演变特征和影响因素。[结果/结论](1)时间演变方面:绝对差异持续扩大,相对差异表现为波浪形下降趋势,但依然处于高位运行;依泰尔系数分解可知,安徽、河南、湖北、湖南省内差异和省际间差异交替变化,为差异主要贡献者;Global Moran’s I分析表明中部地区入境旅游经济未形成明显的高水平城市集聚区。(2)空间演变方面:高水平城市基本为各省省会及其周边城市或拥有高级别旅游资源的城市;Local Moran’s I说明中部地区入境旅游经济逐渐形成两级"核心—边缘"空间结构。(3)中部地区入境旅游经济差异影响因素:旅游资源禀赋、经济发展水平、交通条件、特殊事件。
[Purpose/Significance]Based on data analysis,this paper provides reference for narrowing down tourism economic gaps among cities in central China and formulating regional tourism development strategies,in order to promote the development of central China tourism economy and the implementation of central China rising strategies. [Method/Process] Taking foreign exchange income in tourism as measure index and methods of statistics combined with ESDA,this paper analyzes the spatial-temporal evolution of economy differences in inbound tourism from 2003 to 2013 in central China cities,and discusses the influencing factors. [Result/Conclusion](1) In temporal aspect: the absolute differences continue to expand,while the relative differences decline in a wavy trend with high levels. According to Theil Coefficient decomposition: alternative differences in Anhui,Henan,Hubei and Hunan,including provincial differences among them are main contributors to the differences; but Global Moran's I shows that inbound tourism economy has not formed a significant urban agglomeration area.(2) In spatial aspect: cities above average are provincial capitals and their surrounding cities,or cities with favorable tourism resources. Local Moran's I indicates that a spatial structure of two grades " core-periphery" is gradually forming.(3) Finally,this paper analyzes tourism resource endowment,economic development level,traffic condition,special event and other influencing factors that bring about economy differences in inbound tourism in central China.
[Purpose/Significance]Based on data analysis,this paper provides reference for narrowing down tourism economic gaps among cities in central China and formulating regional tourism development strategies,in order to promote the development of central China tourism economy and the implementation of central China rising strategies. [Method/Process] Taking foreign exchange income in tourism as measure index and methods of statistics combined with ESDA,this paper analyzes the spatial-temporal evolution of economy differences in inbound tourism from 2003 to 2013 in central China cities,and discusses the influencing factors. [Result/Conclusion](1) In temporal aspect: the absolute differences continue to expand,while the relative differences decline in a wavy trend with high levels. According to Theil Coefficient decomposition: alternative differences in Anhui,Henan,Hubei and Hunan,including provincial differences among them are main contributors to the differences; but Global Moran's I shows that inbound tourism economy has not formed a significant urban agglomeration area.(2) In spatial aspect: cities above average are provincial capitals and their surrounding cities,or cities with favorable tourism resources. Local Moran's I indicates that a spatial structure of two grades " core-periphery" is gradually forming.(3) Finally,this paper analyzes tourism resource endowment,economic development level,traffic condition,special event and other influencing factors that bring about economy differences in inbound tourism in central China.
引文
[1]陈秀琼,黄福才.中国入境旅游的区域差异特征分析[J].地理学报,2006,61(12):1271-1280.
[2]白晔,吴三忙.中国入境旅游区域发展差异演变特征分析:1980—2006[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(2):116-121.
[3]黄毅,马耀峰,薛华菊.中国入境旅游服务质量时空态势演变与影响因素[J].地理学报,2013,68(12):1689-1701.
[4]宣国富.中国入境旅游规模结构的省际差异及影响因素[J].经济地理,2012,32(11):156-160.
[5]沈惊宏,孟德友,陆玉麒,等.中国入境旅游经济地区差距演变及其结构分解[J].人文地理,2013(1):80-86.
[6]万绪才,王厚廷,傅朝霞,等.中国城市入境旅游发展差异及其影响因素[J].地理研究,2013,32(2):337-345.
[7]杨望,郭玲玲,武春友.中国副省级城市入境旅游发展差异动态研究[J].资源开发与市场,2016,32(6):745-748.
[8]余凤龙,黄震方,王宜强.中国沿海区域入境旅游经济差异的时空格局演化[J].地理与地理信息科学,2013,29(6):105-110.
[9]冷显鹏,张耀光.环渤海地区入境旅游区域差异特征分析[J].海洋开发与管理,2010,27(5):80-84.
[10]陈莉,张虹鸥,薛国勇,等.福建省入境旅游经济的时空差异分析[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,27(5):103-110.
[11]唐承财,宋昌耀,厉新建.河北省入境旅游规模差异及影响因素分析[J].人文地理,2014(5):156-160.
[12]姜海宁,陆玉麒,吕国庆.江苏省入境旅游经济的区域差异研究[J].旅游学刊,2009(1):23-28.
[13]汪德根.我国各省份国际旅游竞争力比较研究[J].经济管理,2004(11):65-70.
[14]GETIS A,ORD J K.The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics[J].Geographical Analysis,1992,24(3):l89-206.
[15]谢磊,李景保,曹洁.湖北省入境旅游经济差异时空演变分析[J].西部经济管理论坛,2017,28(1):55-62.
[16]谢磊,李景保.江苏省旅游经济空间差异及影响因素分析[J].兰州财经大学学报,2017,33(1):94-102.
[17]刘虹,薛东前,马蓓蓓.基于ESDA分析的关中城市群县域经济空间分异研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(4):55-60.
[18]保继刚,楚义芳.旅游地理学(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012.
(1)经济、人口数据由各省2014年统计年鉴获得,景区数据来自百度百科并经过核实。
[2]白晔,吴三忙.中国入境旅游区域发展差异演变特征分析:1980—2006[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(2):116-121.
[3]黄毅,马耀峰,薛华菊.中国入境旅游服务质量时空态势演变与影响因素[J].地理学报,2013,68(12):1689-1701.
[4]宣国富.中国入境旅游规模结构的省际差异及影响因素[J].经济地理,2012,32(11):156-160.
[5]沈惊宏,孟德友,陆玉麒,等.中国入境旅游经济地区差距演变及其结构分解[J].人文地理,2013(1):80-86.
[6]万绪才,王厚廷,傅朝霞,等.中国城市入境旅游发展差异及其影响因素[J].地理研究,2013,32(2):337-345.
[7]杨望,郭玲玲,武春友.中国副省级城市入境旅游发展差异动态研究[J].资源开发与市场,2016,32(6):745-748.
[8]余凤龙,黄震方,王宜强.中国沿海区域入境旅游经济差异的时空格局演化[J].地理与地理信息科学,2013,29(6):105-110.
[9]冷显鹏,张耀光.环渤海地区入境旅游区域差异特征分析[J].海洋开发与管理,2010,27(5):80-84.
[10]陈莉,张虹鸥,薛国勇,等.福建省入境旅游经济的时空差异分析[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版),2011,27(5):103-110.
[11]唐承财,宋昌耀,厉新建.河北省入境旅游规模差异及影响因素分析[J].人文地理,2014(5):156-160.
[12]姜海宁,陆玉麒,吕国庆.江苏省入境旅游经济的区域差异研究[J].旅游学刊,2009(1):23-28.
[13]汪德根.我国各省份国际旅游竞争力比较研究[J].经济管理,2004(11):65-70.
[14]GETIS A,ORD J K.The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics[J].Geographical Analysis,1992,24(3):l89-206.
[15]谢磊,李景保,曹洁.湖北省入境旅游经济差异时空演变分析[J].西部经济管理论坛,2017,28(1):55-62.
[16]谢磊,李景保.江苏省旅游经济空间差异及影响因素分析[J].兰州财经大学学报,2017,33(1):94-102.
[17]刘虹,薛东前,马蓓蓓.基于ESDA分析的关中城市群县域经济空间分异研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(4):55-60.
[18]保继刚,楚义芳.旅游地理学(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012.
(1)经济、人口数据由各省2014年统计年鉴获得,景区数据来自百度百科并经过核实。