2011—2016年河北省主要入海河流水质及污染状况分析
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摘要
为探究河北省主要入海河流的历年水质及近年来污染变化状况,以及对近岸海域可能造成的影响,利用2011—2016年的监测结果,计算了入海河流主要污染物的入海通量,并采用单因子评价法、秩相关系数法等对水质和历年变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明:河北省主要入海河流都出现不同程度的污染,2011—2016年河北省入海河流以劣Ⅴ类水质为主,水质较差。主要污染物高锰酸盐指数和生化需氧量年均入海量在2012年有所上升,2013—2016年呈下降趋势;氨氮和化学需氧量入海量在2011—2013年有所下降,2014—2016年虽有波动,但变化趋势不明显;总磷入海量整体呈现轻微上升趋势。高锰酸盐指数、生化需氧量、氨氮、化学需氧量、总磷入海量年均分别为868.7,519.5,216.0,3 641.7,26.6 t/a。因此,加强入海河流污染的综合治理对于完成地表水及近岸海域水质目标考核乃至近岸海域污染防控意义重大。
In order to explore the water quality of the main estuaries in Hebei Province and the changes of pollution in recent years,as well as the possible impact on inshore waters,the 2011—2016 year monitoring results are used to calculate the main pollutants flux into the sea,and the single factor evaluation method and the rank correlation coefficient method are analyzed for the water quality and the change trend in the past years. The results show that there are different levels of pollution in the main estuaries in Hebei Province,and the water quality of main estuaries is mostly Worse Ⅴ Class standard. The average annual pollutants flux of CODMnand BOD5 increased in 2012,while showing a downward trend in 2013—2016; The average annual pollutants flux of NH4-N and COD shows a downward trend in 2011—2013,which is not obvious in 2014—2016; The average annual pollutants flux of TP presented a slight upward trend. The average annual pollutants flux of CODMn,BOD5,NH4-N,COD and TP is 868.7,519.5,216.0,3 641.7,26.6 t/a,respectively. To improve the comprehensive management of the pollution of the rivers running to the sea is of great significance for the water quality targets in the surface waters and offshore waters,as well as for the pollution control in the coastal areas.
In order to explore the water quality of the main estuaries in Hebei Province and the changes of pollution in recent years,as well as the possible impact on inshore waters,the 2011—2016 year monitoring results are used to calculate the main pollutants flux into the sea,and the single factor evaluation method and the rank correlation coefficient method are analyzed for the water quality and the change trend in the past years. The results show that there are different levels of pollution in the main estuaries in Hebei Province,and the water quality of main estuaries is mostly Worse Ⅴ Class standard. The average annual pollutants flux of CODMnand BOD5 increased in 2012,while showing a downward trend in 2013—2016; The average annual pollutants flux of NH4-N and COD shows a downward trend in 2011—2013,which is not obvious in 2014—2016; The average annual pollutants flux of TP presented a slight upward trend. The average annual pollutants flux of CODMn,BOD5,NH4-N,COD and TP is 868.7,519.5,216.0,3 641.7,26.6 t/a,respectively. To improve the comprehensive management of the pollution of the rivers running to the sea is of great significance for the water quality targets in the surface waters and offshore waters,as well as for the pollution control in the coastal areas.
引文
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[2]NEAL C,HOUSE W A,JARVIE H P,et al.The significance of dissolved carbon dioxide in major lowland rivers entering the North Sea[J].Science of the Total Environment,1998,210/211:187-203.
[3]WU J Y,SHEN L,GAO G,et al.A season-dependent variation of genotoxicity of surface water samples from Taihu Lake,Yangzte Delta[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2004,98(1/2/3):225-234.
[4]TREGUER P,NELSON D M,van BENNEKOM A J,et al.The silica balance in the world ocean:A reestimate[J].Science,1995,268(5209):375-379.
[5]BENITEZ-NELSON C R.The biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in marine systems[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2000,51(1/2/3/4):109-135.
[6]ZHANG J,ZHANG Z F,LIU S M,et al.Human impacts on the large world rivers:Would the Changjiang(Yangtze River)be an illustration?[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1999,13(4):1099-1105.
[7]王修林,李克强.渤海主要化学污染物海洋环境容量[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:45-47.
[8]夏斌,张龙军,桂祖胜,等.海河流域的富营养化状况及污染物入海通量[J].中国海洋大学学报,2006,36(sup2):33-38.XIA Bin,ZHANG Longjun,GUI Zusheng,et al.The eutrophication condition and the pollutant fluxes entering the sea via the rivers in the Haihe River basin[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2006,36(supⅡ):33-38.
[9]GB 3838—2002,地表水水质标准[S].
[10]国家环境保护总局水和废水监测分析方法编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:487.
[11]LIU L,LI F S,XIONG D Q,et al.Heavy metal contamination and their distribution in different size fractions of the surficial sediment of Haihe River,China[J].Environmental Geology,2006,50(3):431-438.
[12]吕洪滨,段志华.海河流域水环境退化经济损失定量分析水利经济[J].2010,28(1):15-18.LYU Hongbin,DUAN Zhihua.Quantitative analysis of economic loss for water environmental degradation of Haihe River Basin[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources,2010,28(1):15-18.
[13]邵立荣,冯素敏,杨景亮.中小城市污水处理技术综合评价现状分析[J].河北工业科技,2005,22(6):331-333.SHAO Lirong,FENG Sumin,YANG Jingliang.Analysis of comprehensive assessment of technology for medium and small municipal wastewater treatment[J].Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology,2005,22(6):331-333.
[14]张霞.农村环境污染问题及对策[J].河北工业科技,2008,25(3):186-189.ZHANG Xia.Environmental pollution problems and their countermeasures in rural area[J].Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology,2008,25(3):186-189.
[15]李志伟,崔力拓.秦皇岛主要入海河流污染及其对近岸海域影响研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(7):1285-1288.LI Zhiwei,CUI Lituo.Contaminative conditions of main rivers flowing into the sea and their effect on seashore of Qinhuangdao[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012,21(7):1285-1288.
[16]河北省海洋局.河北省海洋环境质量公报(2006—2010)[R].石家庄:河北省海洋局.
[17]河北省海洋局.河北省海洋环境质量公报(2011—2015)[R].石家庄:河北省海洋局.
[18]赵章元,孔令辉.渤海海域环境现状及保护对策[J].环境科学研究,2000,13(2):23-27.ZHAO Zhangyuan,KONG Linghui.Environmental status quo and protection countermeasures in bohai marine areas[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2000,13(2):23-27.
[19]苏一兵,雷坤,孟伟.陆域活动对渤海海岸带的影响[J].中国水利,2003(6):78-80.SU Yibing,LEI Kun,MENG Wei.Effect of land activities to Coastal Zone of the Bo Sea[J].China Water Resources,2003(6):78-80.
[20]孟伟,刘征涛,范薇.渤海主要河口污染特征研究[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(6):66-69.MENG Wei,LIU Zhengtao,FAN Wei.Study on pollutant characters of main estuary of Bohai Bay[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2004,17(6):66-69.