转弯移动荷载下机场复合道面轮辙研究
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摘要
复合道面转弯区因同时受竖向力和水平侧向推力作用,再加上速度慢、作用时间长和高温天气条件,容易产生轮辙破坏,威胁航空器安全运行。因此,通过分析转弯移动荷载作用次数,基于复合道面三维有限元模型采用变形等效原则将转弯移动荷载等效为循环荷载波形式,并结合昆明地区环境温度条件建立转弯区轮辙分析有限元模型,分析温度、转弯速度、加铺层厚度及胎压对轮辙变形的影响规律发现:温度对轮辙发展影响巨大,20℃~30℃时轮辙变形很小,最大为3.05mm;40℃时轮辙量达14.5mm,50℃时轮辙量达22.74mm;随着转弯速度的增加,轮辙深度逐渐减小,超速较低速时减小23%,而综合轮辙深度指标(CRD)逐渐增大,超速时为低速时的8倍,表明水平侧推力对轮辙变形影响增强;轮辙深度随加铺层厚度先增大后减小,而CRD值随加铺层厚度增加小幅降低,加铺层厚度由10cm增加至20cm时,CRD值仅降低0.03;轮辙深度随胎压呈线性变化。进一步考虑温度、速度、加铺层厚度和胎压修正系数建立复合道面转弯区轮辙发展预估公式。
When the aircraft is turning on the ground, the turning area of airport composite pavement will bear the vertical force and lateral thrust that are coupled with the slow speed, long action time and high temperature weather conditions, so rutting damage is prone to be caused and the safety of aircraft ground operations will threatened. By analyzing the action number of turning moving load, the turning moving load is turned into cyclic load wave with the principle of equivalent deformation based on the three-dimensional finite element model of composite pavement. The finite element model for rutting analysis of composite pavement turning area is established considering the environmental temperature conditions in Kunming area to analyze the rutting deformation influence laws of temperature, turning speed, overlay thickness and tire pressure. It is found that the temperature influences the rutting development much. When the temperature is 20℃ to 30℃, the rutting deformation is very small with the largest value 3.05 mm. When the temperature is 40℃ and 50℃, the rutting amount is 14.5 mm and 22.74 mm, respectively. With the increase of turning speed, the depth of rutting decreases gradually. The depth of rutting decreases by 23% when the speed is low. But the composite rutting depth(CRD) increases with the speed, and the CRD value is 8 times that of low speed when the speed is excessive, which indicates that the influence of the horizontal thrust on the rutting deformation is enhanced. The depth of the rutting increases first and then decreases with the thickness of overlay, while the CRD decreases slightly with the increase of the overlay thickness. When the thickness of the overlay increases from 10 cm to 20 cm, the CRD value decreases only 0.03. The depth of rutting varies linearly with the tire pressure. Further considering the temperature, velocity, overlay thickness and tire pressure correction coefficient, the rutting development equation of the composite pavement turning area is proposed.
When the aircraft is turning on the ground, the turning area of airport composite pavement will bear the vertical force and lateral thrust that are coupled with the slow speed, long action time and high temperature weather conditions, so rutting damage is prone to be caused and the safety of aircraft ground operations will threatened. By analyzing the action number of turning moving load, the turning moving load is turned into cyclic load wave with the principle of equivalent deformation based on the three-dimensional finite element model of composite pavement. The finite element model for rutting analysis of composite pavement turning area is established considering the environmental temperature conditions in Kunming area to analyze the rutting deformation influence laws of temperature, turning speed, overlay thickness and tire pressure. It is found that the temperature influences the rutting development much. When the temperature is 20℃ to 30℃, the rutting deformation is very small with the largest value 3.05 mm. When the temperature is 40℃ and 50℃, the rutting amount is 14.5 mm and 22.74 mm, respectively. With the increase of turning speed, the depth of rutting decreases gradually. The depth of rutting decreases by 23% when the speed is low. But the composite rutting depth(CRD) increases with the speed, and the CRD value is 8 times that of low speed when the speed is excessive, which indicates that the influence of the horizontal thrust on the rutting deformation is enhanced. The depth of the rutting increases first and then decreases with the thickness of overlay, while the CRD decreases slightly with the increase of the overlay thickness. When the thickness of the overlay increases from 10 cm to 20 cm, the CRD value decreases only 0.03. The depth of rutting varies linearly with the tire pressure. Further considering the temperature, velocity, overlay thickness and tire pressure correction coefficient, the rutting development equation of the composite pavement turning area is proposed.
引文
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[3]王甲勇.基于车辙试验的有限元车辙预估及影响因素分析[D].西安:长安大学,2010(Wang Jiayong.Rutting predietion by FEM and influence factor analysis based on rutting test[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2010(in Chinese))
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[6]彭妙娟,许志鸿.沥青路面车辙预估方法[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2004,32(11):1457-1460(Peng Miaojuan,Xu Zhihong.Methods of rutting prediction in asphalt pavements[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science Edition,2004,32(11):1457-1460(in Chinese))
[7]Hua J,White T.A study of nonlinear tire contact pressure effects on HMA rutting[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2002,2(3):353-376
[8]Blab R,Harvey J T.Visco-elastic rutting model with improved loading assumptions[C]//Proceedings of the9th International Conference on Asphalt Pavements.Washingtong,DC,2002
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[10]李辉,黄晓明,张久鹏,等.基于连续变温的沥青路面车辙模拟分析[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2007,37(5):915-920(Li Hui,Huang Xiaoming,Zhang Jiupeng,et al.Simulation analysis on rutting of asphalt pavements considering consecutive temperature variation[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2007,37(5):915-920(in Chinese))
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[12]蔡靖,李岳,孙钦刚.温度场下的机场柔性道面转弯区轮辙规律研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2017,51(1):186-194(Cai Jing,Li Yue,Sun Qingang.Rutting behavior of flexible pavement in airport turning area under temperature field[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2017,51(1):186-194(in Chinese))
[13]《机场设计手册》第二部分滑行道机坪和等待坪[S].北京:中国民用航空局,1989(Airport design handbook.Part2:slideway pavement and waiting apron[S].Beijing:Civil Aviation Administration of China,1989(in Chinese))
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[15]边际.基于混合交通分析的机场柔性基层沥青道面轮辙控制研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008(Bian Ji.Rutting control for asphalt pavements with flexible base of airport based on mix traffic analysis[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008(in Chinese))
[16]林小平.复杂条件下机场跑道沥青加铺层结构设计理论与方法[D].上海:同济大学,2007(Lin Xiaoping.Asphalt overlay design theory and method for airport runway pavements under complicated conditions[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007(in Chinese))
[17]蔡良才,王海服,张罗利,等.基于累积损伤的机场道面剩余寿命预测模型[J].交通运输工程学报,2014,14(4):1-6(Cai Liangcai,Wang Haifu,Zhang Luoli,et al.Prediction model of remaining life for airport pavement based on cumulative damage[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2014,14(4):1-6(in Chinese))
[18]AC150/5320-6D Airport pavement design and evaluation[S].Washington,DC:Federal Aviation Administration,1995
[19]赵鸿铎.适应大型飞机的沥青道面交通荷载分析方法及参数的研究[D].上海:同济大学,2006(Zhao Hongduo.The study of the asphalt pavement traffic load analysis method and parameters which is suitable to the large aircraft[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2006(in Chinese))
[20]李洪印.不同粘弹性本构模型对沥青路面永久变形的影响分析[J].公路与汽运,2016,3:106-108(Li Hongyin.The influence analysis of different viscoelastic constitutive model on the permanent deformation of asphalt pavement[J].Highway&Automotive Applications,2016,3:106-108(in Chinese))
[21]董泽蛟,李生龙,温佳宇,等.基于光纤光栅测试技术的沥青路面温度场实测[J].交通运输工程学报,2014,14(2):1-6(Dong Zejiao,Li Shenglong,Wen Jiayu,et al.Real-time temperature field measurement of asphalt pavement based on fiber Bragg grating measuring technology[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2014,14(2):1-6(in Chinese))
[22]飞行品质监控(FOQA)实施与管理[S].北京:中国民用航空局飞行标准司飞行通告,2012(Flying quality control(FOQA)implementation and management[S].Beijing:Civil Aviation Administration of China Flight Standards Division Flight Notice,2012(in Chinese))
[23]MH 5010—1999民用机场沥青混凝土道面设计规范[S].北京:中国民用航空局,2000(MH 5010—1999Specifications for airport asphalt concrete pavement design[S].Beijing:Civil Aviation Administration of China,2000(in Chinese))
[24]Amman,Jordan.Long-life pavements[C]//The World Bank Regional Seminar on Innovative Rehabilitation and Recycling Technologies.United Kingdom:TRL,2000
[25]罗勇,闫启琨.多次加铺的机场道面结构合理性分析方法研究[J].中国民航大学学报,2012,30(6):75-79(Luo Yong,Yan Qikun.Analysis of rationality for airport pavement structure with multiple overlay[J].Journal of Civil Aviation University of China,2012,30(6):75-79(in Chinese))
[26]黄菲.沥青路面永久变形数值模拟及车辙预估[D].南京:东南大学,2006(Huang Fei.Permanent deformation simulation and rutting depth prediction of asphalt pavement[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2006(in Chinese))
[2]Hosfra A,Klomp A J.Permanent deformation of flexible pavement sunder simulated road traffic condition[C]//Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements.London,UK,1972
[3]王甲勇.基于车辙试验的有限元车辙预估及影响因素分析[D].西安:长安大学,2010(Wang Jiayong.Rutting predietion by FEM and influence factor analysis based on rutting test[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2010(in Chinese))
[4]骆妍.基于有限元法的沥青路面车辙分析[D].石家庄:石家庄铁道大学,2015(Luo Yan.The analysis of asphalt pavement rutting based on finite element method[D].Shijiazhuang:Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,2015(in Chinese))
[5]张倩,张尚龙,李彦伟,等.考虑温度场和可变荷载的沥青面层全厚式车辙试验[J].公路交通科技,2013,30(10):18-22(Zhang Qian,Zhang Shanglong,Li Yanwei,et al.Thickness rutting test of asphalt pavement surface considering temperature field and load changes[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2013,30(10):18-22(in Chinese))
[6]彭妙娟,许志鸿.沥青路面车辙预估方法[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2004,32(11):1457-1460(Peng Miaojuan,Xu Zhihong.Methods of rutting prediction in asphalt pavements[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science Edition,2004,32(11):1457-1460(in Chinese))
[7]Hua J,White T.A study of nonlinear tire contact pressure effects on HMA rutting[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2002,2(3):353-376
[8]Blab R,Harvey J T.Visco-elastic rutting model with improved loading assumptions[C]//Proceedings of the9th International Conference on Asphalt Pavements.Washingtong,DC,2002
[9]White T,Haddock J,Hand A,et al.Contributions of pavement structural layers to rutting of hot mix asphalt pavements[R].Washington,DC:Transportation Research Board,2002
[10]李辉,黄晓明,张久鹏,等.基于连续变温的沥青路面车辙模拟分析[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2007,37(5):915-920(Li Hui,Huang Xiaoming,Zhang Jiupeng,et al.Simulation analysis on rutting of asphalt pavements considering consecutive temperature variation[J].Journal of Southeast University:Natural Science Edition,2007,37(5):915-920(in Chinese))
[11]高泽迥.飞机设计手册第14分册:起飞着陆系统设计[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2002(Gao Zejiong.Aircraft design manual,volume 14:takeoff and landing system design[M].Beijing:Aviation Industry Press,2002(in Chinese))
[12]蔡靖,李岳,孙钦刚.温度场下的机场柔性道面转弯区轮辙规律研究[J].西南交通大学学报,2017,51(1):186-194(Cai Jing,Li Yue,Sun Qingang.Rutting behavior of flexible pavement in airport turning area under temperature field[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2017,51(1):186-194(in Chinese))
[13]《机场设计手册》第二部分滑行道机坪和等待坪[S].北京:中国民用航空局,1989(Airport design handbook.Part2:slideway pavement and waiting apron[S].Beijing:Civil Aviation Administration of China,1989(in Chinese))
[14]中国民用航空规章(第25部)运输类飞机适航标准[M].北京:中国民用航空局,2011(Civil aviation regulations of China(Part 25)airworthiness standards for transport aircraft[M].Beijing:Civil Aviation Administration of China,2011(in Chinese))
[15]边际.基于混合交通分析的机场柔性基层沥青道面轮辙控制研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008(Bian Ji.Rutting control for asphalt pavements with flexible base of airport based on mix traffic analysis[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2008(in Chinese))
[16]林小平.复杂条件下机场跑道沥青加铺层结构设计理论与方法[D].上海:同济大学,2007(Lin Xiaoping.Asphalt overlay design theory and method for airport runway pavements under complicated conditions[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2007(in Chinese))
[17]蔡良才,王海服,张罗利,等.基于累积损伤的机场道面剩余寿命预测模型[J].交通运输工程学报,2014,14(4):1-6(Cai Liangcai,Wang Haifu,Zhang Luoli,et al.Prediction model of remaining life for airport pavement based on cumulative damage[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2014,14(4):1-6(in Chinese))
[18]AC150/5320-6D Airport pavement design and evaluation[S].Washington,DC:Federal Aviation Administration,1995
[19]赵鸿铎.适应大型飞机的沥青道面交通荷载分析方法及参数的研究[D].上海:同济大学,2006(Zhao Hongduo.The study of the asphalt pavement traffic load analysis method and parameters which is suitable to the large aircraft[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2006(in Chinese))
[20]李洪印.不同粘弹性本构模型对沥青路面永久变形的影响分析[J].公路与汽运,2016,3:106-108(Li Hongyin.The influence analysis of different viscoelastic constitutive model on the permanent deformation of asphalt pavement[J].Highway&Automotive Applications,2016,3:106-108(in Chinese))
[21]董泽蛟,李生龙,温佳宇,等.基于光纤光栅测试技术的沥青路面温度场实测[J].交通运输工程学报,2014,14(2):1-6(Dong Zejiao,Li Shenglong,Wen Jiayu,et al.Real-time temperature field measurement of asphalt pavement based on fiber Bragg grating measuring technology[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2014,14(2):1-6(in Chinese))
[22]飞行品质监控(FOQA)实施与管理[S].北京:中国民用航空局飞行标准司飞行通告,2012(Flying quality control(FOQA)implementation and management[S].Beijing:Civil Aviation Administration of China Flight Standards Division Flight Notice,2012(in Chinese))
[23]MH 5010—1999民用机场沥青混凝土道面设计规范[S].北京:中国民用航空局,2000(MH 5010—1999Specifications for airport asphalt concrete pavement design[S].Beijing:Civil Aviation Administration of China,2000(in Chinese))
[24]Amman,Jordan.Long-life pavements[C]//The World Bank Regional Seminar on Innovative Rehabilitation and Recycling Technologies.United Kingdom:TRL,2000
[25]罗勇,闫启琨.多次加铺的机场道面结构合理性分析方法研究[J].中国民航大学学报,2012,30(6):75-79(Luo Yong,Yan Qikun.Analysis of rationality for airport pavement structure with multiple overlay[J].Journal of Civil Aviation University of China,2012,30(6):75-79(in Chinese))
[26]黄菲.沥青路面永久变形数值模拟及车辙预估[D].南京:东南大学,2006(Huang Fei.Permanent deformation simulation and rutting depth prediction of asphalt pavement[D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2006(in Chinese))