变速变负载无轴承永磁同步发电机悬浮力及发电性能研究
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摘要
针对普通发电机轴承磨损严重的问题,提出一种无轴承永磁同步发电机。首先分析了无轴承永磁同步发电机的悬浮原理和发电原理;其次,推导了感应电压表达式,利用麦克斯韦张量法建立悬浮力和电磁转矩的数学模型并验证其正确性;再次,运用参数化分析法设计并优化了发电机结构,仿真结果验证了发电机具有良好的悬浮力和电磁性能;另外,将设计的样机进行试验,验证了该发电机具有良好的动态性能;最后针对发电机常见的变速、变负载的问题,基于有限元仿真分析了其对发电机运行性能的影响。仿真结果说明该发电机在特殊工况下具有良好的悬浮性能。研究表明提出的新型发电机具有良好的动静态性能可以稳定运行。
In terms of the serious abrasion of the normal generator bearing,the bearingless permanent magnet synchronous generator( BPMSG) was proposed. Suspension principle and the electric-generation principle of the bearingless permanent magnet synchronous generator were described. Secondly,the formula of the magnetic field energy storage was deduced. Then the mathematical model of the levitation force and electromagnetic torque were established on the basis of the Maxwell Tensor methods. Thirdly,structure of the machine was designed and optimized using parametric analysis mothed,and the correctness of the mathematical model was verified by simulation. Finally,aiming at the common problems of the ordinary permanent magnet synchronous generator under the variable speed and variable load conditions,the suspension forces and the electronic-generation performance were analyzed based on the finite element analysis( FEA). Simulation results show the BPMSM has good feasibility and suspension underthe variable speed and variable load conditions. The research results show that the proposed BPMSG can operate steadily and has good static and dynamic performance.
In terms of the serious abrasion of the normal generator bearing,the bearingless permanent magnet synchronous generator( BPMSG) was proposed. Suspension principle and the electric-generation principle of the bearingless permanent magnet synchronous generator were described. Secondly,the formula of the magnetic field energy storage was deduced. Then the mathematical model of the levitation force and electromagnetic torque were established on the basis of the Maxwell Tensor methods. Thirdly,structure of the machine was designed and optimized using parametric analysis mothed,and the correctness of the mathematical model was verified by simulation. Finally,aiming at the common problems of the ordinary permanent magnet synchronous generator under the variable speed and variable load conditions,the suspension forces and the electronic-generation performance were analyzed based on the finite element analysis( FEA). Simulation results show the BPMSM has good feasibility and suspension underthe variable speed and variable load conditions. The research results show that the proposed BPMSG can operate steadily and has good static and dynamic performance.
引文
[1]李伟力,程鹏,吴振兴,等.并网永磁同步发电机转子永磁体局部失磁特征量的计算与分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(33):95.LI Weili,CHENG Peng,WU Zhenxing,et al.Calculation and analysis on the permanent magnet partial demagnetization characteristics of the grid-connected permanent magnet synchronous generator rotor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(33):95.
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[8]SUN Xiaodong,CHEN Long,YANG Zebing.Overview of bearingless permanent-magnet synchronous motors[J].IEEE Trans.on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(12):5529.
[9]BAI Haoran,WANG Fengxiang,XING Junqiang.Control strategy of combined pwm rectifier/inverter for a high speed generator power system[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Industrial Electronics and Applications,2007:132-135.
[10]AZZIDDIN M,RAZALI M A,RAHMAN.Performance analysis of three-phase PWM rectifier using direct power control[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Electric Machines&Drives Conference,2011:1603-1608.
[11]LI Shuhui,HASKEW T A,SWATLOSKI R P,GATHINGS W.Optimal and direct-current vector control of direct-driven PMSG wind turbines[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Power Electronics Society,2012,27(5):2325-2337.
[12]CAO Xin,DENG Zhiquan.A full-period generating mode for bearingless switched reluctance generators[J].IEEE Transactions Applied Superconductivity,2010,20(3):1072.
[13]侯勇,童建东.变速恒频双馈风力发电机并网积分型变结构控制[J].电机与控制学报,2008,12(3):260.HOU Yong,TONG Jiandong.Cutting-in control of variable-speed constant-frequency double-fed wind-power generator with integral variable structure control[J].Electric Machines and Control,2008,12(3):260.
[14]HAO Chen,DAVID N,ALIPRANTIS D C.Analysis of permanent-magnet synchronous generator with vienna rectifier for wind energy conversion system[J].IEEE Transactions Sustainable Energy,2012:154.
[2]孙斌,王艳武,杨立.基于红外测温的异步电机轴承故障诊断[J].电机与控制学报,2012,16(1):50.SUN Bin,WANG Yanwu,YANG Li.Study of fault diagnosis of induction motor bearing based on infrared inspection[J].Electric Machines and Control,2012,16(1):50.
[3]周云红,孙玉坤.一种双定子型的磁悬浮开关磁阻双通道全周期发电机[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(9):2295.ZHOU Yunhong,SUN Yukun.A double-stator type bearingless switched reluctance dual-channel full-period generator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(9):2295.
[4]周云红,孙玉坤,嵇小辅.一种新型的磁悬浮开关磁阻发电机[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(15):107.ZHOU Yunhong,SUN Yukun,JI Xiaofu,et al.A novel bearingless switched reluctance generator[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(15):107.
[5]Chinchilla M,Arnaltes S,Burgos J C.Control of permanent-magnet generators applied to variable speed wind-energy systems connected to the grid[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2006,21(1):130.
[6]STEFANI F,PENNATINI A,CEFALO A.AC series voltage regulator for permanent magnet generators[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Research in Microelectronics and Electronics,2009:92-95.
[7]曹鑫,邓智泉,庄铮.三相串联励磁式无轴承开关磁阻发电机原理与实现[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(2):108.CAO Xin,DENG Zhiquan,ZHUANG Zheng.Principle and implementation of a bearingless switched reluctance generator with three adjacent excitation-windings connected in series[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(2):108.
[8]SUN Xiaodong,CHEN Long,YANG Zebing.Overview of bearingless permanent-magnet synchronous motors[J].IEEE Trans.on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(12):5529.
[9]BAI Haoran,WANG Fengxiang,XING Junqiang.Control strategy of combined pwm rectifier/inverter for a high speed generator power system[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Industrial Electronics and Applications,2007:132-135.
[10]AZZIDDIN M,RAZALI M A,RAHMAN.Performance analysis of three-phase PWM rectifier using direct power control[C]//Proceedings of IEEE International Electric Machines&Drives Conference,2011:1603-1608.
[11]LI Shuhui,HASKEW T A,SWATLOSKI R P,GATHINGS W.Optimal and direct-current vector control of direct-driven PMSG wind turbines[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Power Electronics Society,2012,27(5):2325-2337.
[12]CAO Xin,DENG Zhiquan.A full-period generating mode for bearingless switched reluctance generators[J].IEEE Transactions Applied Superconductivity,2010,20(3):1072.
[13]侯勇,童建东.变速恒频双馈风力发电机并网积分型变结构控制[J].电机与控制学报,2008,12(3):260.HOU Yong,TONG Jiandong.Cutting-in control of variable-speed constant-frequency double-fed wind-power generator with integral variable structure control[J].Electric Machines and Control,2008,12(3):260.
[14]HAO Chen,DAVID N,ALIPRANTIS D C.Analysis of permanent-magnet synchronous generator with vienna rectifier for wind energy conversion system[J].IEEE Transactions Sustainable Energy,2012:154.