美职篮停摆事件的再思考——写在2008年全球金融危机10周年之际
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摘要
对美职篮停摆事件进行回顾与研究,为新时代中国职业体育改革发展提供理论参考。停摆危机的本质是劳资双方的利益争夺,呈现了一个冲突与合作、对话与协商的自组织且高效运行的体制机制,这些制度要素包括:充分发挥市场化机制,政府定位于服务者的角色;法律、球迷与市场赋予了劳方议价的话语权;建立公平、公正、透明的民主协商机制;以协商程序与媒体话语为手段,建立相互制衡的利益相关者对话机制。置于中美经济发展比较语境,对2008年全球金融危机后中美经济成长与结构转型进行了比较分析,认为美国经济逐渐走出困境,美职篮联盟经历了稳健发展的十年;中国经济步入去杠杆的通道,中国职业体育错失了良好的改革局面,重新踏入改革的深水区,面临新时代的严峻挑战。
This paper reviews and studies the NBA Lockouts and provides theoretical references for the reform and development of Chinese professional sports in the new era.The essence of the lockout crisis is the struggle for interests between employers and employees.It presents a self-organized and efficient operated system of conflict and cooperation,dialogue and negotiation.These institutional elements include:giving full play to the market-oriented mechanism in which the government is positioned as a service provider;Laws,fans and the market give labor discourse power on bargaining;establishing a fair,just and transparent democratic consultation mechanism;using a negotiation process and media discourse as a means to establish a mutually balanced stakeholder dialogue mechanism.In the comparative context of Sino-US economic development,a comparative analysis of Sino-US economic growth and structural transformation after the global financial crisis in 2008 is made in this study.It is believed that the US economy is gradually stepping out of the predicament,and the US professional basketball league has experienced a decade of steady development;the Chinese economy is stepping into the channel of de-leveraging,China's professional sports missed a good reform situation and re-entered the deep water of reform,facing the severe challenges of the new era.
This paper reviews and studies the NBA Lockouts and provides theoretical references for the reform and development of Chinese professional sports in the new era.The essence of the lockout crisis is the struggle for interests between employers and employees.It presents a self-organized and efficient operated system of conflict and cooperation,dialogue and negotiation.These institutional elements include:giving full play to the market-oriented mechanism in which the government is positioned as a service provider;Laws,fans and the market give labor discourse power on bargaining;establishing a fair,just and transparent democratic consultation mechanism;using a negotiation process and media discourse as a means to establish a mutually balanced stakeholder dialogue mechanism.In the comparative context of Sino-US economic development,a comparative analysis of Sino-US economic growth and structural transformation after the global financial crisis in 2008 is made in this study.It is believed that the US economy is gradually stepping out of the predicament,and the US professional basketball league has experienced a decade of steady development;the Chinese economy is stepping into the channel of de-leveraging,China's professional sports missed a good reform situation and re-entered the deep water of reform,facing the severe challenges of the new era.
引文
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[7]王瑞,张杨.政社脱钩背景下我国单项体育协会改革相关问题的研究——以足协为例[J].河北体育学院学报,2018,32(4):42.
[8]刘东锋,姚芹,杨蕾,等.全国性单项体育协会改革:模式、问题与对策[J].上海体育学院学报,2018,42(4):50.
[9]李卞婴.2008年奥运后中国体育体制的改革之路[J].体育学刊,2008,15(2):7.
[10]卢元镇.从北京到伦敦:举国体制如何向前走[J].体育学刊,2012,19(6):1.
[2]刘转青,刘积德.利益相关者管理理论视角下的NBA停摆[J].体育成人教育学刊,2012,28(3):17.
[3]张雪峰.职业体育停摆问题探讨[J].体育文化导刊,2012(5):63.
[4]周青山.职业体育集体议价合同的美国经验与中国前景[J].武汉体育学院学报,2014,48(6):50.
[5]詹宇波,张军,徐伟.集体议价是否改善了工资水平:来自中国制造业企业的证据[J].世界经济,2012(2):63.
[6]王旭光,惠继红.全国性单项体育协会的社会合法性挑战和发展途径[J].体育科学,2007,27(7):7.
[7]王瑞,张杨.政社脱钩背景下我国单项体育协会改革相关问题的研究——以足协为例[J].河北体育学院学报,2018,32(4):42.
[8]刘东锋,姚芹,杨蕾,等.全国性单项体育协会改革:模式、问题与对策[J].上海体育学院学报,2018,42(4):50.
[9]李卞婴.2008年奥运后中国体育体制的改革之路[J].体育学刊,2008,15(2):7.
[10]卢元镇.从北京到伦敦:举国体制如何向前走[J].体育学刊,2012,19(6):1.