金沙江下游至三峡-葛洲坝梯级水库群发电联合调度增益机制分析
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摘要
金沙江下游溪洛渡、向家坝至三峡、葛洲坝四库梯级为长江流域水能资源调控重点枢纽工程,开展四库发电联合优化调度效益显著。研究建立四库系统独立发电、联合两种模式下优化调度模型,采用长系列径流系列计算发电效益增益,统计增益的时间、年型、空间分布特征。提出基于全微分法的增益占比析因方法辨识发电增益受发电水量、水头影响贡献占比,归纳增益产生机制。结果表明:(1)消落期发电增益集中产生在5月份;向家坝、葛洲坝为主要受益水库。(2)联合增益的产生原因在于联合调度过程中溪洛渡、三峡均化了5月、6月放水过程,降低向家坝、葛洲坝的弃水量,抬升两库水头,增加发电效益。(3)向家坝的补偿增益受发电水量、水头贡献占比相当,葛洲坝的补偿增益主要以发电水头抬升的水头效益为主,溪洛渡、三峡的效益变化主要受联合调度过程中水头变化影响。
Located at the lower reaches of Jinsha River and middle reaches of Yangtze River,the cascade reservoirs system of Xiluodu,Xiangjia Dam,Three Gorges,and Gezhou Dam is an important hydrologic project in the Yangtze river basin.Joint operation of the reservoirs system has significant benefits.In this study,we established two optimized operation models for independent and joint power generation of the reservoirs system.Long inflow time series were used to calculate the gain of power generation benefit and to analyze the distribution of the gain in time,year type,and space.Moreover,we quantified the contribution percentages of released water and water head to the gain using the total differential equation.The results showed that:(1)the gain during the drawdown season mainly occurred in May,and was mostly in Gezhou Dam and Xiangjia Dam.(2)The gain was generated because Xiluodu and Three Gorges evened the water release process in May and June and reduced the discarded water volume of Xiangjia Dam and Gezhou Dam,thus increasing the water head of these two reservoirs.(3)The released water and water head contributed nearly equally to the gain generated in Xiangjia Dam.The main contribution factor to the gain in Gezhou Dam was water head.The variation of the gain generated in Xiluodu and Three Gorges was mainly influenced by the variation of water head during the joint operation.
Located at the lower reaches of Jinsha River and middle reaches of Yangtze River,the cascade reservoirs system of Xiluodu,Xiangjia Dam,Three Gorges,and Gezhou Dam is an important hydrologic project in the Yangtze river basin.Joint operation of the reservoirs system has significant benefits.In this study,we established two optimized operation models for independent and joint power generation of the reservoirs system.Long inflow time series were used to calculate the gain of power generation benefit and to analyze the distribution of the gain in time,year type,and space.Moreover,we quantified the contribution percentages of released water and water head to the gain using the total differential equation.The results showed that:(1)the gain during the drawdown season mainly occurred in May,and was mostly in Gezhou Dam and Xiangjia Dam.(2)The gain was generated because Xiluodu and Three Gorges evened the water release process in May and June and reduced the discarded water volume of Xiangjia Dam and Gezhou Dam,thus increasing the water head of these two reservoirs.(3)The released water and water head contributed nearly equally to the gain generated in Xiangjia Dam.The main contribution factor to the gain in Gezhou Dam was water head.The variation of the gain generated in Xiluodu and Three Gorges was mainly influenced by the variation of water head during the joint operation.
引文
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[10]黄草,王忠静,李书飞,等.长江上游水库群多目标优化调度模型及应用研究Ⅰ:模型原理及求解[J].水利学报,2014(9):1009-1018.(HUANG C,WANG Z J,LI S G,et al.A multi-reservoir operation optimization model and application in the upper Yangtze River Basin I.Principle and solution of the model[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014(9):1009-1018.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2014.09.001
[11]黄草,王忠静,鲁军,等.长江上游水库群多目标优化调度模型及应用研究Ⅱ:水库群调度规则及蓄放次序[J].水利学报,2014(10):1175-1183.(HUANG C,WANG Z J,LU J,et al.A multi-reservoir operation optimization model and application in the upper Yangtze River BasinⅡ.Operation rules and water releasing/storing sequences[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014(10):1175-1183.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2014.10.005.
[12]周研来,郭生练,陈进.溪洛渡-向家坝-三峡梯级水库联合蓄水方案与多目标决策研究[J].水利学报,2015(10):1135-1144.(ZHOU Y L,GUO S L,CHEN J.Multi-objective decision and joint refill schemes of Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba-Three Gorges cascade reservoirs[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015(10):1135-1144.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20141294.
[13]LABADIE J W.Optimal operation of multireservoir systems:state-of-the-art review[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,2004,130(2):93-111.
[14]YEH W W.Reservoir management and operations models:a state-of-the-art review[J].Water Resources Research,1985,21(12):1797-1818.DOI:10.1029/WR021i012p01797.
[15]钟平安,徐斌,张金花.水电站发电优化调度遗传算法的改进[J].水力发电学报,2011(5):55-60.(ZHONG P A,XU B,ZHANG J H.Improvement of genetic algorithm for its application to optimal operation of hydropower station[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011(5):55-60.(in Chinese))
[16]XU B,ZHONG P,WAN X,et al.Dynamic feasible region genetic algorithm for optimal operation of a multi-reservoir system[J].Energies,2012,5(12):2894-2910.DOI:10.3390/en5082894.
[17]张睿,张利升,王学敏,等.金沙江下游梯级水库群多目标兴利调度模型及应用[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2016(4):32-37.(ZHANG R,ZHANG L S,WANG X M,et al.Model and application of multi-objective beneficial dispatch for cascade reservoirs in Jinsha River[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2016(4):32-37.(in Chinese))DOI:10.15961/j.jsuese.2016.04.005.
[18]欧阳硕,周建中,周超,等.金沙江下游梯级与三峡梯级枢纽联合蓄放水调度研究[J].水利学报,2013(4):435-443.(OUYANG S,ZHOU J Z,ZHOU C,et al.Research on impounding dispatch for the lower cascade reservoir in Jinsha River and Three Gorges cascade[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013(4):435-443.(in Chinese))
[19]符芳明,钟平安,徐斌,等.金沙江下游与三峡梯级水库群协同消落方式研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016(4):29-35.(FU F M,ZHONG P A,XU B,et al.Synergetic method of dry season operation in downstream Jinsha River and Three Gorges cascade reservoirs[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016(4):29-35.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2016.04.005
[20]翁文林,王浩,张超然,等.基于梯级水电站群联合调度的长江干流“龙头水库”综合效益分析[J].水力发电学报,2014(6):53-60.(WENG W L,WANG H,ZHANG C R,et al.Analysis on comprehensive benefits of leading reservoir on Yangtze River in joint operation of cascaded hydropower stations[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014(6):53-60.(in Chinese))
[21]白涛,黄强,陈广圣,等.基于水库群优化调度的黄河干流梯级补偿效益分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013(5):189-195.(BAI T,HUANG Q,CHEN G S,et al.Reservoirs optimal operation based analysis of cascade compensation benefits in main stream of the Yellow river[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2013(5):189-195.(in Chinese))
[22]ZHAO T,ZHAO J,LIU P,et al.Evaluating the marginal utility principle for long-term hydropower scheduling[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2015,106:213-223,DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2015.09.032.
[23]张睿,周建中,袁柳,等.金沙江梯级水库消落运用方式研究[J].水利学报,2013(12):1399-1408.(ZHANG R,ZHOU J Z,YUAN L,et al.Study on dry season operation of cascade reservoir in Jinsha River[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013(12):1399-1408.(in Chinese))
[24]付湘,刘庆红,吴世东.水库调度性能风险评价方法研究[J].水利学报,2012(8):987-990.(FU X,LIU Q H,WU S D.Risk assessment approach for reservoir operation performance[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012(8):987-990.(in Chinese))
[25]王金龙,黄炜斌,马光文,等.市场环境下梯级水电站间发电补偿效益研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2016(3):79-86.(WANG J L,HUANG W B,MA G W,et al.Research on the Compensation benefit of cascade hydro plants in power market[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2016(4):32-37.(in Chinese))DOI:10.15961/j.jsuese.2016.03.010.
[26]张睿.流域大规模梯级电站群协同发电优化调度研究[D].华中科技大学,2014.(ZHANG R.Hydropower Generation Scheduling of Large-Scale Cascaded Hydropower Stations[D].Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2014.(in Chinese))
[2]闫宝伟,郭生练,陈璐,等.长江和清江洪水遭遇风险分析[J].水利学报,2010(5):553-559.(YAN B W,GUO S L,CHEN L,et al.Flood encountering risk analysis for the Yangtze River and Qingjiang River[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2010(5):553-559.(in Chinese))
[3]刘丹雅,纪国强,安有贵.三峡水库综合利用调度关键技术研究与实践[J].中国工程科学,2011(7):66-69.(LIU D Y,JI G Q,AN Y G.The research and practice for key techniques of comprehensive utilization and regulation for Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Engineering Sciences,2011(7):66-69.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-1742.2011.07.011.
[4]卢有麟,周建中,王浩,等.三峡梯级枢纽多目标生态优化调度模型及其求解方法[J].水科学进展,2011(6):780-788.(LU Y L,ZHOU J Z,WANG H,et al.Multi-objective optimization model for ecological operation in Three Gorges cascade hydropower stations and its algorithms[J].Advances in Water Science,2011(6):780-788.(in Chinese))DOI:32.1309.P.20110911.1132.010
[5]郭乐,徐斌.三峡梯级水库群联合优化调度增发电量分析[J].水力发电,2016(12):90-93.(GUO L,XU B.Analysis on power generation increasing by joint optimal operation of Three Gorges Cascade Reservoirs[J].Water Power,2016(12):90-93.(in Chinese))
[6]鲍正风,徐杨,徐涛.溪洛渡、向家坝与三峡梯级水库联合调度[J].水电厂自动化,2014(4):56-58.(BAO Z F,XU Y,XU T.Joint operation of Xiluodu,Xiangjiaba and Three Gorges cascade reservoirs[J].Hydropower Plant Automation,2014(4):56-58.(in Chinese))
[7]刘强,钟平安,徐斌,等.三峡及金沙江下游梯级水库群蓄水期联合调度策略[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016(5):62-70.(LIU Q,ZHONG P A,XU B,et al.Joint operation strategy of water impoundment period of Three Gorges-Jinsha River lower reach cascade reservoirs[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016(5):62-70.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2016.05.010.
[8]XU B,BOYCE S,ZHANG Y,et al.Stochastic programming with a joint chance constraint model for reservoir refill operation considering flood risk[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning&Management,2016:4016061-4016067.
[9]XU B,ZHONG P,STANKO Z,et al.A multiobjective shortterm optimal operation model for a cascade system of reservoirs considering the impact on long-term energy production[J].Water Resources Research,2015,51(5):3353-3369.DOI:10.1002/2014WR015964.
[10]黄草,王忠静,李书飞,等.长江上游水库群多目标优化调度模型及应用研究Ⅰ:模型原理及求解[J].水利学报,2014(9):1009-1018.(HUANG C,WANG Z J,LI S G,et al.A multi-reservoir operation optimization model and application in the upper Yangtze River Basin I.Principle and solution of the model[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014(9):1009-1018.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2014.09.001
[11]黄草,王忠静,鲁军,等.长江上游水库群多目标优化调度模型及应用研究Ⅱ:水库群调度规则及蓄放次序[J].水利学报,2014(10):1175-1183.(HUANG C,WANG Z J,LU J,et al.A multi-reservoir operation optimization model and application in the upper Yangtze River BasinⅡ.Operation rules and water releasing/storing sequences[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2014(10):1175-1183.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2014.10.005.
[12]周研来,郭生练,陈进.溪洛渡-向家坝-三峡梯级水库联合蓄水方案与多目标决策研究[J].水利学报,2015(10):1135-1144.(ZHOU Y L,GUO S L,CHEN J.Multi-objective decision and joint refill schemes of Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba-Three Gorges cascade reservoirs[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015(10):1135-1144.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20141294.
[13]LABADIE J W.Optimal operation of multireservoir systems:state-of-the-art review[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,2004,130(2):93-111.
[14]YEH W W.Reservoir management and operations models:a state-of-the-art review[J].Water Resources Research,1985,21(12):1797-1818.DOI:10.1029/WR021i012p01797.
[15]钟平安,徐斌,张金花.水电站发电优化调度遗传算法的改进[J].水力发电学报,2011(5):55-60.(ZHONG P A,XU B,ZHANG J H.Improvement of genetic algorithm for its application to optimal operation of hydropower station[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011(5):55-60.(in Chinese))
[16]XU B,ZHONG P,WAN X,et al.Dynamic feasible region genetic algorithm for optimal operation of a multi-reservoir system[J].Energies,2012,5(12):2894-2910.DOI:10.3390/en5082894.
[17]张睿,张利升,王学敏,等.金沙江下游梯级水库群多目标兴利调度模型及应用[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2016(4):32-37.(ZHANG R,ZHANG L S,WANG X M,et al.Model and application of multi-objective beneficial dispatch for cascade reservoirs in Jinsha River[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2016(4):32-37.(in Chinese))DOI:10.15961/j.jsuese.2016.04.005.
[18]欧阳硕,周建中,周超,等.金沙江下游梯级与三峡梯级枢纽联合蓄放水调度研究[J].水利学报,2013(4):435-443.(OUYANG S,ZHOU J Z,ZHOU C,et al.Research on impounding dispatch for the lower cascade reservoir in Jinsha River and Three Gorges cascade[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013(4):435-443.(in Chinese))
[19]符芳明,钟平安,徐斌,等.金沙江下游与三峡梯级水库群协同消落方式研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016(4):29-35.(FU F M,ZHONG P A,XU B,et al.Synergetic method of dry season operation in downstream Jinsha River and Three Gorges cascade reservoirs[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2016(4):29-35.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2016.04.005
[20]翁文林,王浩,张超然,等.基于梯级水电站群联合调度的长江干流“龙头水库”综合效益分析[J].水力发电学报,2014(6):53-60.(WENG W L,WANG H,ZHANG C R,et al.Analysis on comprehensive benefits of leading reservoir on Yangtze River in joint operation of cascaded hydropower stations[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014(6):53-60.(in Chinese))
[21]白涛,黄强,陈广圣,等.基于水库群优化调度的黄河干流梯级补偿效益分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013(5):189-195.(BAI T,HUANG Q,CHEN G S,et al.Reservoirs optimal operation based analysis of cascade compensation benefits in main stream of the Yellow river[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2013(5):189-195.(in Chinese))
[22]ZHAO T,ZHAO J,LIU P,et al.Evaluating the marginal utility principle for long-term hydropower scheduling[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2015,106:213-223,DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2015.09.032.
[23]张睿,周建中,袁柳,等.金沙江梯级水库消落运用方式研究[J].水利学报,2013(12):1399-1408.(ZHANG R,ZHOU J Z,YUAN L,et al.Study on dry season operation of cascade reservoir in Jinsha River[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013(12):1399-1408.(in Chinese))
[24]付湘,刘庆红,吴世东.水库调度性能风险评价方法研究[J].水利学报,2012(8):987-990.(FU X,LIU Q H,WU S D.Risk assessment approach for reservoir operation performance[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012(8):987-990.(in Chinese))
[25]王金龙,黄炜斌,马光文,等.市场环境下梯级水电站间发电补偿效益研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2016(3):79-86.(WANG J L,HUANG W B,MA G W,et al.Research on the Compensation benefit of cascade hydro plants in power market[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2016(4):32-37.(in Chinese))DOI:10.15961/j.jsuese.2016.03.010.
[26]张睿.流域大规模梯级电站群协同发电优化调度研究[D].华中科技大学,2014.(ZHANG R.Hydropower Generation Scheduling of Large-Scale Cascaded Hydropower Stations[D].Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2014.(in Chinese))