江苏省农田土壤全氮含量变化及其影响因子
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摘要
[目的]本文旨在研究江苏省农田土壤全氮含量变化特征及其影响因子。[方法]基于2008和2015年江苏省基本农田质量长期监测点实测数据,运用经典统计学和地统计学分析土壤全氮含量的时空变化,运用多因素方差分析探明成土母质、气候、种植制度、化肥施用等因子对土壤全氮含量变化的影响及不同影响因子间的交互效应。[结果]2015年江苏农田土壤全氮平均含量为1.47 g·kg-1,比2008年增加了8.9%(P<0.01)。2008和2015年,土壤全氮含量空间分布特征保持相对一致,表现为苏南地区高于苏北地区(里下河地区除外),西部地区高于东部地区,沿海地区最低;土壤全氮含量的变化受氮肥施用及氮肥施用与气候交互效应的影响显著,湿润亚热带地区氮肥低投入时土壤全氮含量增加最多,而半湿润温暖带地区氮肥超高投入时土壤全氮含量增加最多;土壤有机质作为协变量对全氮变化影响显著,且解释率最高。[结论]在氮肥低投入及超高投入2种情况下,气候是土壤全氮含量变化的显著影响因子,建议在生产实践中依据气候条件合理施用氮肥。
[Objectives]The paper was aimed to probe the dynamic of soil total nitrogen content on the farmland of Jiangsu Province and its influencing factors.[Methods]The soil quality data were derived from the long-term monitoring network of the basic farmland in Jiangsu Province in 2008 and 2015.Then the classical statistics and geostatistics were employed to analyze the dynamics of soil total nitrogen.The interactive effects of related factors(soil parent materials,climate,planting systems and chemical fertilizers) were analyzed by the multivariate analysis of variance.[Results]The average content of soil total nitrogen was 1.47 g·kg-1 on Jiangsu farmland in 2015,which increased 8.9% in 2008(P<0.01).The spatial distribution characteristics of soil total nitrogen maintain relative consistency from 2008 to 2015,showing that soil total nitrogen content in South Jiangsu was higher than that of North Jiangsu(except for Lixia River area),and the western area was higher than that of the eastern area,while the coastal area was the lowest.The change of total nitrogen content in Jiangsu Province in 2008 and 2015 was significantly affected by the interaction of nitrogen fertilizer,and its interaction with climate.In humid subtropical region,low nitrogen input caused the highest increase of soil total nitrogen,while in semi-humid warm region,super high nitrogen input was required.As a covariate,soil organic matter exerted a significant impact on total nitrogen and the highest explanation proportion.[Conclusions]Regardless of nitrogen fertilizer level,climate is a key regulating factor in terms of soil total nitrogen.These findings indicate that nitrogen fertilizer application should be based on local climatic conditions.
[Objectives]The paper was aimed to probe the dynamic of soil total nitrogen content on the farmland of Jiangsu Province and its influencing factors.[Methods]The soil quality data were derived from the long-term monitoring network of the basic farmland in Jiangsu Province in 2008 and 2015.Then the classical statistics and geostatistics were employed to analyze the dynamics of soil total nitrogen.The interactive effects of related factors(soil parent materials,climate,planting systems and chemical fertilizers) were analyzed by the multivariate analysis of variance.[Results]The average content of soil total nitrogen was 1.47 g·kg-1 on Jiangsu farmland in 2015,which increased 8.9% in 2008(P<0.01).The spatial distribution characteristics of soil total nitrogen maintain relative consistency from 2008 to 2015,showing that soil total nitrogen content in South Jiangsu was higher than that of North Jiangsu(except for Lixia River area),and the western area was higher than that of the eastern area,while the coastal area was the lowest.The change of total nitrogen content in Jiangsu Province in 2008 and 2015 was significantly affected by the interaction of nitrogen fertilizer,and its interaction with climate.In humid subtropical region,low nitrogen input caused the highest increase of soil total nitrogen,while in semi-humid warm region,super high nitrogen input was required.As a covariate,soil organic matter exerted a significant impact on total nitrogen and the highest explanation proportion.[Conclusions]Regardless of nitrogen fertilizer level,climate is a key regulating factor in terms of soil total nitrogen.These findings indicate that nitrogen fertilizer application should be based on local climatic conditions.
引文
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[4]周伟,吕腾飞,杨志平,等.氮肥种类及运筹技术调控土壤氮素损失的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(9):3051-3058.Zhou W,LüT F,Yang Z P,et al.Research advances on regulating soil nitrogen loss by the type of nitrogen fertilizer and its application strategy[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(9):3051-3058(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[6]Zhong Y,Yan W,Shangguan Z.Impact of long-term N additions upon coupling between soil microbial community structure and activity,and nutrient-use efficiencies[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2015,91(12):151-159.
[7]巨晓棠,谷保静.我国农田氮肥施用现状、问题及趋势[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):783-795.Ju X T,Gu B J.Status-quo,problem and trend of nitrogen fertilization in China[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(4):783-795(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]江苏省土壤普查办公室.江苏土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.Soil Census Office of Jiangsu Province.Soil of Jiangsu[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995(in Chinese).
[9]买苗,査书评,朱宝,等.江苏省农业气候资源区划[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(8):4692-4695.Mai M,Zha S P,Zhu B,et al.Agro-climatic resource zoning in Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(8):4692-4695(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]闫湘.我国化肥利用现状与养分资源高效利用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2008.Yan X.Present status of chemical fertilizer application and efficient utilization of nutrition in China[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2008(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]唐惠燕.基于GIS江苏种植结构演变研究(1949-2011)[D].南京:南京农业大学,2014.Tang H Y.The study of Jiangsu planting structure evolution based on GIS(1949-2011)[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2014(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]刘立祥.线性回归模型中自变量的选择与逐步回归方法[J].统计与决策,2015(21):80-82Liu L X.Selection of independent variables and stepwise regression method in linear regression model[J].Statistics and Decision Making,2015(21):80-82(in Chinese).
[13]杜子芳.多元统计分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2016.Du Z F.Multivariate Statistical Analysis[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2016(in Chinese).
[14]郁洁,王绪奎.江苏省耕地土壤肥力概述[J].江苏农村经济,2017(4):45-47.Yu J,Wang X K.A survey of soil fertility of cultivated land in Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Jiangsu Rural Economy,2017(4):45-47(in Chinese).
[15]江叶枫,饶磊,郭熙,等.江西省耕地土壤氮素空间变异特征及其影响因素[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(1):70-79.Jiang Y F,Rao L,Guo X,et al.Spatial variability of farmland soil nitrogen of Jiangxi Province and its influencing factors[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(1):70-79(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.Hang C Y.Soil Science[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000(in Chinese).
[17]杨艳丽,史学正,于东升,等.区域尺度土壤养分空间变异及其影响因素研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(6):788-792.Yang Y L,Shi X Z,Yu D S,et al.Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients and their affecting factors at regional scale[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008,28(6):788-792(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]Brejda J J,Mausbach M J,Goebel J J,et al.Estimating surface soil organic carbon content at a regional scale using the national resource inventory[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2001,65(3):842-849.
[19]Wang W,Lai D Y F,Wang C,et al.Effects of rice straw incorporation on active soil organic carbon pools in a subtropical paddy field[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,152(9):8-16.
[20]孙瑞娟,王德建,林静慧.太湖流域土壤肥力演变及原因分析[J].土壤,2006,38(1):106-109.Sun R J,Wang D J,Lin J H.Evolution of soil fertility in Taihu region and its causes[J].Soils,2006,38(1):106-109(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]党廷辉,蔡贵信,郭胜利,等.用15N标记肥料研究旱地冬小麦氮肥利用率与去向[J].核农学报,2003,17(4):280-285.Dang T H,Cai G X,Guo S L,et al.Study on nitrogen efficiencies of dry land wheat by15N labeled fertilizer[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2003,17(4):280-285(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]Liao X,Inglett P W,Inglett K S.Seasonal patterns of nitrogen cycling in subtropical short-hydroperiod wetlands:effects of precipitation and restoration[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,556(11):136-145.
[23]Cregger M A,Mc Dowell N G,Pangle R E,et al.The impact of precipitation change on nitrogen cycling in a semi-arid ecosystem[J].Functional Ecology,2014,28(6):1534-1544.
[24]Wang D D,Shi X Z,Wang H J,et al.Scale effect of climate and soil texture on soil organic carbon in the uplands of Northeast China[J].Pedosphere,2010,20(4):525-535.
[25]孙承运.不同温湿度条件下土壤有机质和秸秆分解规律与模拟[D].北京:中国农业大学,2004.Sun C Y.Soil organic matter and wheat straw decomposition and simulation under different temperature and moisture condition[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2004(in Chinese with English abstract).
[26]Shahbaz M,Kuzyakov Y,Sanaullah M.Microbial decomposition of soil organic matter is mediated by quality and quantity of crop residues:mechanisms and thresholds[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2017,53(3):1-15.
[27]Hallin S,Jones C M,Schloter M,et al.Relationship between N-cycling communities and ecosystem functioning in a 50-year-old fertilization experiment[J].The ISME Journal,2009,3(5):597-605.
[28]申小冉,吕家珑,张文菊,等.我国三种种植制度下农田土壤有机碳、氮关系的演变特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(4):121-126.Shen X R,LüJ L,Zhang W J,et al.Changes in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and its relationship under three typical cropping systems in China[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2011,29(4):121-126(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]Dobbie K E,Smiith K A.The effects of temperature,water-filled pore space and land use on N2O emissions from an imperfectly drained gleysol[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2001,52(4):667-373.
[3]朱兆良.中国土壤氮素研究[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):778-783.Zhu Z Z.Research on soil nitrogen in China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(5):778-783(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]周伟,吕腾飞,杨志平,等.氮肥种类及运筹技术调控土壤氮素损失的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(9):3051-3058.Zhou W,LüT F,Yang Z P,et al.Research advances on regulating soil nitrogen loss by the type of nitrogen fertilizer and its application strategy[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(9):3051-3058(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]陈浮,濮励杰,曹慧,等.近20年太湖流域典型区土壤养分时空变化及驱动机理[J].土壤学报,2002,39(2):237-245Chen F,Pu L J,Cao H,et al.Patial and temporal changes of soil nutrients and their mechanism in typical area of Taihu lake valley during the past two decades[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2002,39(2):237-245(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]Zhong Y,Yan W,Shangguan Z.Impact of long-term N additions upon coupling between soil microbial community structure and activity,and nutrient-use efficiencies[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2015,91(12):151-159.
[7]巨晓棠,谷保静.我国农田氮肥施用现状、问题及趋势[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):783-795.Ju X T,Gu B J.Status-quo,problem and trend of nitrogen fertilization in China[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014,20(4):783-795(in Chinese with English abstract).
[8]江苏省土壤普查办公室.江苏土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.Soil Census Office of Jiangsu Province.Soil of Jiangsu[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1995(in Chinese).
[9]买苗,査书评,朱宝,等.江苏省农业气候资源区划[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(8):4692-4695.Mai M,Zha S P,Zhu B,et al.Agro-climatic resource zoning in Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(8):4692-4695(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]闫湘.我国化肥利用现状与养分资源高效利用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2008.Yan X.Present status of chemical fertilizer application and efficient utilization of nutrition in China[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2008(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]唐惠燕.基于GIS江苏种植结构演变研究(1949-2011)[D].南京:南京农业大学,2014.Tang H Y.The study of Jiangsu planting structure evolution based on GIS(1949-2011)[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2014(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]刘立祥.线性回归模型中自变量的选择与逐步回归方法[J].统计与决策,2015(21):80-82Liu L X.Selection of independent variables and stepwise regression method in linear regression model[J].Statistics and Decision Making,2015(21):80-82(in Chinese).
[13]杜子芳.多元统计分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2016.Du Z F.Multivariate Statistical Analysis[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2016(in Chinese).
[14]郁洁,王绪奎.江苏省耕地土壤肥力概述[J].江苏农村经济,2017(4):45-47.Yu J,Wang X K.A survey of soil fertility of cultivated land in Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Jiangsu Rural Economy,2017(4):45-47(in Chinese).
[15]江叶枫,饶磊,郭熙,等.江西省耕地土壤氮素空间变异特征及其影响因素[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(1):70-79.Jiang Y F,Rao L,Guo X,et al.Spatial variability of farmland soil nitrogen of Jiangxi Province and its influencing factors[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(1):70-79(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.Hang C Y.Soil Science[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000(in Chinese).
[17]杨艳丽,史学正,于东升,等.区域尺度土壤养分空间变异及其影响因素研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(6):788-792.Yang Y L,Shi X Z,Yu D S,et al.Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients and their affecting factors at regional scale[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008,28(6):788-792(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]Brejda J J,Mausbach M J,Goebel J J,et al.Estimating surface soil organic carbon content at a regional scale using the national resource inventory[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2001,65(3):842-849.
[19]Wang W,Lai D Y F,Wang C,et al.Effects of rice straw incorporation on active soil organic carbon pools in a subtropical paddy field[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2015,152(9):8-16.
[20]孙瑞娟,王德建,林静慧.太湖流域土壤肥力演变及原因分析[J].土壤,2006,38(1):106-109.Sun R J,Wang D J,Lin J H.Evolution of soil fertility in Taihu region and its causes[J].Soils,2006,38(1):106-109(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]党廷辉,蔡贵信,郭胜利,等.用15N标记肥料研究旱地冬小麦氮肥利用率与去向[J].核农学报,2003,17(4):280-285.Dang T H,Cai G X,Guo S L,et al.Study on nitrogen efficiencies of dry land wheat by15N labeled fertilizer[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2003,17(4):280-285(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]Liao X,Inglett P W,Inglett K S.Seasonal patterns of nitrogen cycling in subtropical short-hydroperiod wetlands:effects of precipitation and restoration[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,556(11):136-145.
[23]Cregger M A,Mc Dowell N G,Pangle R E,et al.The impact of precipitation change on nitrogen cycling in a semi-arid ecosystem[J].Functional Ecology,2014,28(6):1534-1544.
[24]Wang D D,Shi X Z,Wang H J,et al.Scale effect of climate and soil texture on soil organic carbon in the uplands of Northeast China[J].Pedosphere,2010,20(4):525-535.
[25]孙承运.不同温湿度条件下土壤有机质和秸秆分解规律与模拟[D].北京:中国农业大学,2004.Sun C Y.Soil organic matter and wheat straw decomposition and simulation under different temperature and moisture condition[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2004(in Chinese with English abstract).
[26]Shahbaz M,Kuzyakov Y,Sanaullah M.Microbial decomposition of soil organic matter is mediated by quality and quantity of crop residues:mechanisms and thresholds[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2017,53(3):1-15.
[27]Hallin S,Jones C M,Schloter M,et al.Relationship between N-cycling communities and ecosystem functioning in a 50-year-old fertilization experiment[J].The ISME Journal,2009,3(5):597-605.
[28]申小冉,吕家珑,张文菊,等.我国三种种植制度下农田土壤有机碳、氮关系的演变特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(4):121-126.Shen X R,LüJ L,Zhang W J,et al.Changes in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen and its relationship under three typical cropping systems in China[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2011,29(4):121-126(in Chinese with English abstract).