政策工具视野下中美《全民健身计划》的比较分析
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摘要
基于政策工具分析法的理论框架,从X和Y两个维度分别对美国《国民体力活动计划(2016—2020年)》和中国《全民健身计划(2016—2020年)》的政策文本内容进行分类筛选、内容编码与计量等比较分析。研究认为,在《国民体力活动计划(2016—2020年)》中,政策工具类型运用合理,供给型和需求型政策工具处于均衡,比例均为29.55%,推动和拉动效用较为显著,环境型政策工具运用恰当,比例为40.90%;体育与教育、医疗、卫生等政策内容协调运行;非政府、非营利社会组织是其重要创新举措。在《全民健身计划(2016—2020年)》中,政策工具类型运用不合理,供给型和需求型政策工具使用不均衡,所占比例为37.89%、5.27%,环境型政策工具使用过溢,所占比例为56.84%;主要通过管理体制创新、体育产业市场、体育社会组织和公共体育服务体系等政策内容进行适度干预;群众健身需求和健身项目供给明显不足。通过比较分析,希望对完善和优化我国全民健身政策文本有所裨益。
Based on the theoretical framework of the policy tool analysis method,the authors respectively classified and screened,content encoded and measured the policy text content of the National Physical Activity Program(2016—2020)and the National Fitness Program(2016—2020) from the two dimensions of X and Y. The results showthat in the National Physical Activity Program(2016—2020),the use of the policy tool type is reasonable; policy tools of the supply type and demand type are balanced,the proportion is 29. 55%; the promotion and pulling effect are more significant,the use of the environment type policy tools is appropriate,the proportion is 40. 90%; Sports and Education,Health Care,Health and other policy content is coordinated operation; Non-Governmental and Non-Profit Social Organizations are very important innovation initiatives. In the National Fitness Program(2016—2020),the use of policy tool types is unreasonable,application amount of policy tools of the supply type and demand type are imbalance,the proportion is 37. 89% and 5. 27%,the use of environmental type policy tools is overflow,accounting for 56. 84%; the management system innovation,sports industry market,sports social organization and public sports service system and other policy content are mainly used to intervene moderately; civil fitness needs and supply the fitness project is obviously inadequate. Through comparative analysis,it will be benefit to improve and optimize the China's national fitness policy text.
Based on the theoretical framework of the policy tool analysis method,the authors respectively classified and screened,content encoded and measured the policy text content of the National Physical Activity Program(2016—2020)and the National Fitness Program(2016—2020) from the two dimensions of X and Y. The results showthat in the National Physical Activity Program(2016—2020),the use of the policy tool type is reasonable; policy tools of the supply type and demand type are balanced,the proportion is 29. 55%; the promotion and pulling effect are more significant,the use of the environment type policy tools is appropriate,the proportion is 40. 90%; Sports and Education,Health Care,Health and other policy content is coordinated operation; Non-Governmental and Non-Profit Social Organizations are very important innovation initiatives. In the National Fitness Program(2016—2020),the use of policy tool types is unreasonable,application amount of policy tools of the supply type and demand type are imbalance,the proportion is 37. 89% and 5. 27%,the use of environmental type policy tools is overflow,accounting for 56. 84%; the management system innovation,sports industry market,sports social organization and public sports service system and other policy content are mainly used to intervene moderately; civil fitness needs and supply the fitness project is obviously inadequate. Through comparative analysis,it will be benefit to improve and optimize the China's national fitness policy text.
引文
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[10]张瑞林,王晓芳,王先亮.全民健身公共服务“一臂间隔”运作模式研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2013,32(1):6-8.
[11]冯爱云,王东红,任保国.全民健身公共服务体系创新政策研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2013,32(6):38-41.
[12]Bornstein D B,Pate R R,Buchner D M.Development of a National Physical Activity Plan for the United States[J].Physical Activity Health,2014,11(3):463-469.
[13]Laura A E,Katherine S V,Annette M Z.Local adaptation of the national physical activity plan:Creation of the active living plan for a healthier sanantonio[J].Physical Activity Health,2014,11(3):452-477.
[14]于永慧.健康中国:全民健身工作的评价指标体系研究[J].体育与科学,2016,37(4):71-76.
[15]Russell R Pate.An inside view of the U.S.national physical activity[J].Plan J Physical Activity Health,2014,11(3):460-463.
[16]岳建军.美国《国民体力活动计划》中体育与卫生医疗业融合发展研究[J].体育科学,2017,37(4):29-38.
[2]迈克尔·豪利特,M.拉米什.公共政策研究——政策循环与政策子系统[M].庞诗,译.北京:三联书店,2006:13-24.
[3]张新文,潘思柳.政策网络:行业组织参与下的解读与思考[J].吉首大学学报,2007,28(6):105.
[4]Roy Rothwell,Walter Zegveld.Reindusdalization and technology[M].London:Logman Group Limited,1985:83-104.
[5]胡鞍钢,方旭东.全民健身国家战略:内涵与发展思路[J].体育科学,2016,36(3):3-9.
[6]National Physical Activity Plan Alliance.National Physical Activity plan[EB/OL].(2010-05-08)[2016-09-25].http://physical activity plan.org/National Physical Activity Plan.pdf.php/.
[7]Glaser,B.Generating Formal Theory[M].In R.G.Burgess(Ed).Field research:A source book and field manual.London:George Allen&Unwin(Publishers)Ltd,1982:6-23.
[8]国务院.《全民健身计划(2016—2020年)》(国发[2016]37号[EB/OL].(2016-06-23)[2016-09-25].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-06/23/content_5084564.htm.
[9]刘国永.实施全民健身战略,推进健康中国建设[J].体育科学,2016,36(12):3-10.
[10]张瑞林,王晓芳,王先亮.全民健身公共服务“一臂间隔”运作模式研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2013,32(1):6-8.
[11]冯爱云,王东红,任保国.全民健身公共服务体系创新政策研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2013,32(6):38-41.
[12]Bornstein D B,Pate R R,Buchner D M.Development of a National Physical Activity Plan for the United States[J].Physical Activity Health,2014,11(3):463-469.
[13]Laura A E,Katherine S V,Annette M Z.Local adaptation of the national physical activity plan:Creation of the active living plan for a healthier sanantonio[J].Physical Activity Health,2014,11(3):452-477.
[14]于永慧.健康中国:全民健身工作的评价指标体系研究[J].体育与科学,2016,37(4):71-76.
[15]Russell R Pate.An inside view of the U.S.national physical activity[J].Plan J Physical Activity Health,2014,11(3):460-463.
[16]岳建军.美国《国民体力活动计划》中体育与卫生医疗业融合发展研究[J].体育科学,2017,37(4):29-38.