刻蚀AlN缓冲层对硅衬底N极性n-GaN表面粗化的影响
|
摘要
研究了等离子体刻蚀Al N缓冲层对硅衬底N极性n-Ga N表面粗化行为的影响.实验结果表明,表面Al N缓冲层的状态对N极性n-Ga N的粗化行为影响很大,采用等离子体刻蚀去除一部分表面Al N缓冲层即可以有效提高N极性n-Ga N在KOH溶液中的粗化效果,Al N缓冲层未经任何刻蚀处理的样品粗化速度过慢,被刻蚀完全去除Al N缓冲层的样品容易出现粗化过头的现象.经X射线光电子能谱分析可知,等离子体刻蚀能够提高样品表面Al N缓冲层Al_2p的电子结合能,使得样品表面费米能级向导带底靠近,原子含量测试表明样品表面产生了大量的N空位,N空位提供电子,使得材料表面费米能级升高,这降低了KOH溶液和样品表面之间的肖特基势垒,从而有利于表面粗化的进行.通过等离子体刻蚀掉表面部分Al N缓冲层,改善了N极性n-Ga N在KOH溶液中的粗化效果,明显提升了对应发光二级管器件的出光功率.
Light extraction efficiency of thin-film Ga N-based light-emitting-diode(LED) chip can be effectively improved by surface roughening. The film transfer is an indispensable process in the manufacture of thin-film LED chip, which means transferring the LED film from the growth substrate to a new substrate, and then removing the growth substrate. After the growth substrate is removed, the buffer layer is used to cushion the mismatch between the substrate and the n-Ga N exposed, which has a significant influence on the roughening behavior of n-Ga N. Unlike the Ga N buffer layer grown on sapphire substrate, Al N buffer layer is usually used when n-Ga N is grown on Si substrate. In this paper, the surface treatment of the Al N buffer layer by reactive ion etching(RIE) is used to improve the surface roughening effect of N-polar n-Ga N grown on the silicon substrate in the hot alkali solution(85?C, 20% KOH mass concentration of solution), and the mechanism of the influence of the surface treatment on the roughening behavior is discussed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and other advanced methods. The degree of etching surface Al N buffer layer is detected by energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), the sample surface state after RIE etching is analyzed by XPS, the morphology of the surface roughening is observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and the effect of surface roughening on the optical power of LED devices is verified by the photoelectric performance test. The EDS results show that the Al N buffer layer remains after RIE etching 10–30 min and the Al N disappears after RIE etching for 40 min. The SEM results show that surface states of Al N buffer layer have a great influence on the roughening behavior of n-Ga N in KOH solution.The sample with part of Al N buffer layer has a good roughening effect and proper size hexagonal pyramid distributing uniformly. In addition, the rate of coarsening is too fast for the samples with Al N buffer layer completely removed, while the rate is too slow for the samples without any etching process. In summation, using RIE etching to remove a part of the Al N buffer layer can effectively improve the roughening effect of N-polar n-Ga N in KOH solution. We believe that lots of N-vacancies are produced on the surface of the sample after RIE etching, which provides the electrons, thereby causing the surface Fermi level to be elevated. The XPS analysis shows that the RIE etching can improve the electronic binding energy of Al 2p of Al N buffer layer, resulting in a shift of the surface Fermi level near to the conduction band,and reducing the Schottky barrier between the KOH solution and the surface of the sample, which is beneficial to the surface roughening. To remove a part of the Al N buffer by using plasma etching layer can improve the roughening effect of N-polar n-Ga N in KOH solution, resulting in the output power of the corresponding LED device being improved obviously.
Light extraction efficiency of thin-film Ga N-based light-emitting-diode(LED) chip can be effectively improved by surface roughening. The film transfer is an indispensable process in the manufacture of thin-film LED chip, which means transferring the LED film from the growth substrate to a new substrate, and then removing the growth substrate. After the growth substrate is removed, the buffer layer is used to cushion the mismatch between the substrate and the n-Ga N exposed, which has a significant influence on the roughening behavior of n-Ga N. Unlike the Ga N buffer layer grown on sapphire substrate, Al N buffer layer is usually used when n-Ga N is grown on Si substrate. In this paper, the surface treatment of the Al N buffer layer by reactive ion etching(RIE) is used to improve the surface roughening effect of N-polar n-Ga N grown on the silicon substrate in the hot alkali solution(85?C, 20% KOH mass concentration of solution), and the mechanism of the influence of the surface treatment on the roughening behavior is discussed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and other advanced methods. The degree of etching surface Al N buffer layer is detected by energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), the sample surface state after RIE etching is analyzed by XPS, the morphology of the surface roughening is observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and the effect of surface roughening on the optical power of LED devices is verified by the photoelectric performance test. The EDS results show that the Al N buffer layer remains after RIE etching 10–30 min and the Al N disappears after RIE etching for 40 min. The SEM results show that surface states of Al N buffer layer have a great influence on the roughening behavior of n-Ga N in KOH solution.The sample with part of Al N buffer layer has a good roughening effect and proper size hexagonal pyramid distributing uniformly. In addition, the rate of coarsening is too fast for the samples with Al N buffer layer completely removed, while the rate is too slow for the samples without any etching process. In summation, using RIE etching to remove a part of the Al N buffer layer can effectively improve the roughening effect of N-polar n-Ga N in KOH solution. We believe that lots of N-vacancies are produced on the surface of the sample after RIE etching, which provides the electrons, thereby causing the surface Fermi level to be elevated. The XPS analysis shows that the RIE etching can improve the electronic binding energy of Al 2p of Al N buffer layer, resulting in a shift of the surface Fermi level near to the conduction band,and reducing the Schottky barrier between the KOH solution and the surface of the sample, which is beneficial to the surface roughening. To remove a part of the Al N buffer by using plasma etching layer can improve the roughening effect of N-polar n-Ga N in KOH solution, resulting in the output power of the corresponding LED device being improved obviously.
引文
[1]Wang G,Tao X,Liu J,Jiang F 2015 Semicond.Sci.Tech.30 15018
[2]Luo Y,Wang L 2014 Physics 43 802(in Chinese)[罗毅,汪莱2014物理43 802]
[3]Mo C L,Fang W Q,Pu Y,Liu H C,Jiang F Y 2005 J.Cryst.Growth 285 312
[4]Jiang F Y,Liu J L,Wang L,et al.2015 Sci.Sin.Phys.:Mech.Astron.45 7302(in Chinese)[江风益,刘军林,王立等2015中国科学:物理学力学天文学45 7302]
[5]Wang G X,Tao X X,Xiong C B,Liu J L,Feng F F,Zhang M,Jiang F Y 2011 Acta Phys.Sin.60 078503(in Chinese)[王光绪,陶喜霞,熊传兵,刘军林,封飞飞,张萌,江风益2011物理学报60 078503]
[6]Mao Q H,Liu J L,Quan Z J,Wu X M,Zhang M,Jiang F Y 2015 Acta Phys.Sin.64 107801(in Chinese)[毛清华,刘军林,全知觉,吴小明,张萌,江风益2015物理学报64 107801]
[7]Fujii T,Gao Y,Sharma R,Hu E L,Denbaars S P,Nakamura S 2004 Appl.Phys.Lett.84 855
[8]Gao Y,Fujii T,Sharma R,Fujito K,Denbaars S P,Nakamura S,Hu E L 2004 Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.43 L637
[9]Zhou Y H,Tang Y W,Rao J P,Jiang F Y 2009 Acta Opt.Sin.29 252(in Chinese)[周印华,汤英文,饶建平,江风益2009光学学报29 252]
[10]Xiong C,Jiang F,Fang W,Wang L,Mo C,Liu H 2007J.Lumin.122-123 185
[11]Liu M G,Wang Y Q,Yang Y B,et al.2015 Chin.Phys.B 24 038503
[12]Gong Z N,Yun F,Ding W,et al.2015 Acta Phys.Sin.64 018501(in Chinese)[弓志娜,云峰,丁文等2015物理学报64 018501]
[13]Liu J,Zhang J,Mao Q,Wu X,Jiang F 2013 Crystengcomm 15 3372
[14]Doan M H,Kim S,Lee J J,Lim H,Rotermund F,Kim K 2012 Aip.Adv.2 22122
[15]Kim D W,Lee H Y,Yoo M C,Yeom G Y 2005 Appl.Phys.Lett.86 52108
[16]Wang G X,Xiong C B,Liu J L,Jiang F Y 2011 Appl.Surf.Sci.257 8675
[17]Qiu H,Liu J L,Wang L,Jiang F Y 2011 Chin.J.Lumin.32 603(in Chinese)[邱虹,刘军林,王立,江风益2011发光学报32 603]
[18]Liu J,Feng F,Zhou Y,Zhang J,Jiang F 2011 Appl.Phys.Lett.99 111112
[19]Zhuang D,Edgar J H 2005 Materials Science and Engineering:R:Reports 48 1
[20]Gao Y D,Craven M D,Speck J S,Denbaars S P,Hu E L 2004 Appl.Phys.Lett.84 3322
[21]Chen E H,Mcinturff D T,Chin T P,Melloch M R,Woodall J M 1996 Appl.Phys.Lett.68 1678
[22]Steinhoff G,Hermann M,Schaff W J,Eastman L F,Stutzmann M,Eickhoff M 2003 Appl.Phys.Lett.83177
[23]Jang H W,Jeon C M,Kim J K,Lee J 2001 Appl.Phys.Lett.78 2015
[2]Luo Y,Wang L 2014 Physics 43 802(in Chinese)[罗毅,汪莱2014物理43 802]
[3]Mo C L,Fang W Q,Pu Y,Liu H C,Jiang F Y 2005 J.Cryst.Growth 285 312
[4]Jiang F Y,Liu J L,Wang L,et al.2015 Sci.Sin.Phys.:Mech.Astron.45 7302(in Chinese)[江风益,刘军林,王立等2015中国科学:物理学力学天文学45 7302]
[5]Wang G X,Tao X X,Xiong C B,Liu J L,Feng F F,Zhang M,Jiang F Y 2011 Acta Phys.Sin.60 078503(in Chinese)[王光绪,陶喜霞,熊传兵,刘军林,封飞飞,张萌,江风益2011物理学报60 078503]
[6]Mao Q H,Liu J L,Quan Z J,Wu X M,Zhang M,Jiang F Y 2015 Acta Phys.Sin.64 107801(in Chinese)[毛清华,刘军林,全知觉,吴小明,张萌,江风益2015物理学报64 107801]
[7]Fujii T,Gao Y,Sharma R,Hu E L,Denbaars S P,Nakamura S 2004 Appl.Phys.Lett.84 855
[8]Gao Y,Fujii T,Sharma R,Fujito K,Denbaars S P,Nakamura S,Hu E L 2004 Jpn.J.Appl.Phys.43 L637
[9]Zhou Y H,Tang Y W,Rao J P,Jiang F Y 2009 Acta Opt.Sin.29 252(in Chinese)[周印华,汤英文,饶建平,江风益2009光学学报29 252]
[10]Xiong C,Jiang F,Fang W,Wang L,Mo C,Liu H 2007J.Lumin.122-123 185
[11]Liu M G,Wang Y Q,Yang Y B,et al.2015 Chin.Phys.B 24 038503
[12]Gong Z N,Yun F,Ding W,et al.2015 Acta Phys.Sin.64 018501(in Chinese)[弓志娜,云峰,丁文等2015物理学报64 018501]
[13]Liu J,Zhang J,Mao Q,Wu X,Jiang F 2013 Crystengcomm 15 3372
[14]Doan M H,Kim S,Lee J J,Lim H,Rotermund F,Kim K 2012 Aip.Adv.2 22122
[15]Kim D W,Lee H Y,Yoo M C,Yeom G Y 2005 Appl.Phys.Lett.86 52108
[16]Wang G X,Xiong C B,Liu J L,Jiang F Y 2011 Appl.Surf.Sci.257 8675
[17]Qiu H,Liu J L,Wang L,Jiang F Y 2011 Chin.J.Lumin.32 603(in Chinese)[邱虹,刘军林,王立,江风益2011发光学报32 603]
[18]Liu J,Feng F,Zhou Y,Zhang J,Jiang F 2011 Appl.Phys.Lett.99 111112
[19]Zhuang D,Edgar J H 2005 Materials Science and Engineering:R:Reports 48 1
[20]Gao Y D,Craven M D,Speck J S,Denbaars S P,Hu E L 2004 Appl.Phys.Lett.84 3322
[21]Chen E H,Mcinturff D T,Chin T P,Melloch M R,Woodall J M 1996 Appl.Phys.Lett.68 1678
[22]Steinhoff G,Hermann M,Schaff W J,Eastman L F,Stutzmann M,Eickhoff M 2003 Appl.Phys.Lett.83177
[23]Jang H W,Jeon C M,Kim J K,Lee J 2001 Appl.Phys.Lett.78 2015