磷酸盐对厌氧氨氧化活性污泥脱氮效能的影响
|
摘要
通过接种厌氧氨氧化污泥,研究了磷酸盐浓度变化对厌氧氨氧化活性污泥脱氮效能长短期的影响,对其抑制动力学参数进行拟合,并基于荧光定量PCR的测定,分析了受磷酸盐抑制前后反应器中厌氧氨氧化细菌丰度的变化.短期研究结果表明,磷酸盐浓度小于30 mg·L~(-1)对厌氧氨氧化污泥的脱氮效能没有明显的影响;随着进水磷酸盐浓度的升高,氮去除速率呈加速下降趋势;磷酸盐浓度大于200 mg·L~(-1)时,厌氧氨氧化污泥活性达到完全的抑制状态;采用Haldane抑制模型拟合磷酸盐抑制的动力学参数,所得半抑制常数为70.1 mg·L~(-1).长期研究结果表明,磷酸盐浓度小于50 mg·L~(-1)时,对厌氧氨氧化污泥脱氮效能的影响不大;磷酸盐浓度在70~90 mg·L~(-1)时,厌氧氨氧化污泥活性开始受到明显影响,经过一段时间可以有所恢复,但磷酸盐浓度越高,恢复所需时间越长;当磷酸盐浓度达到100 mg·L~(-1)时厌氧氨氧化污泥的脱氮效能受到严重抑制,氮去除速率由158.33 g·(m~3·d)~(-1)下降至60.17 g·(m~3·d)~(-1)左右,抑制约62%.荧光定量PCR结果表明,抑制后的污泥体系中ANAMMOX菌细胞浓度由(9.97±0.86)×107cells·m L~(-1)下降至(8.26±0.54)×107cells·m L~(-1),有相对减少的趋势.
In this study,the effect of phosphate concentration on the nitrogen removal efficiency of ANAMMOX sludge was researched.The inhibition kinetic parameters were fitted and the abundance of ANAMMOX bacteria in the reactor before and after phosphate inhibition was analyzed by Real-time PCR. The short-term experiments showed that there was no significant effect on the nitrogen removal efficiency of ANAMMOX sludge when phosphate concentration was less than 30 mg·L~(-1). With the increase of influent phosphate concentration,the removal rate of nitrogen decreased rapidly. When the phosphate concentration was raised to 200 mg·L~(-1),the activity of ANAMMOX sludge reached a complete inhibition state. The parameters of phosphate inhibition were fitted by Haldane inhibition model. The half-inhibition constant was 70. 1 mg·L~(-1). The long-term results showed that when the phosphate concentration was less than 50 mg·L~(-1),the effect on the nitrogen removal efficiency of ANAMMOX sludge was not significant. When the phosphate concentration reached 70-90 mg·L~(-1),The activity of ANAMMOX sludge was obviously affected,and the stability could be restored after a certain period. Increasing the phosphate concentration had a more significant effect and resulted in a longer recovery time.Finally,when the concentration of phosphate reached 100 mg·L~(-1),the nitrogen removal efficiency of ANAMMOX was seriously inhibited. The rate of nitrogen removal decreased from 158. 33 g·(m~3·d)~(-1)to 60. 17 g·(m~3·d)~(-1),resulting in 62% inhibition. The results of real-time PCR showed that the concentration of ANAMMOX was decreased from(9. 97 ± 0. 86) × 107cells·m L~(-1)to(8. 26 ±0. 54) × 107cells·m L~(-1)in the restraining sludge system,and there was a relatively reduced trend.
In this study,the effect of phosphate concentration on the nitrogen removal efficiency of ANAMMOX sludge was researched.The inhibition kinetic parameters were fitted and the abundance of ANAMMOX bacteria in the reactor before and after phosphate inhibition was analyzed by Real-time PCR. The short-term experiments showed that there was no significant effect on the nitrogen removal efficiency of ANAMMOX sludge when phosphate concentration was less than 30 mg·L~(-1). With the increase of influent phosphate concentration,the removal rate of nitrogen decreased rapidly. When the phosphate concentration was raised to 200 mg·L~(-1),the activity of ANAMMOX sludge reached a complete inhibition state. The parameters of phosphate inhibition were fitted by Haldane inhibition model. The half-inhibition constant was 70. 1 mg·L~(-1). The long-term results showed that when the phosphate concentration was less than 50 mg·L~(-1),the effect on the nitrogen removal efficiency of ANAMMOX sludge was not significant. When the phosphate concentration reached 70-90 mg·L~(-1),The activity of ANAMMOX sludge was obviously affected,and the stability could be restored after a certain period. Increasing the phosphate concentration had a more significant effect and resulted in a longer recovery time.Finally,when the concentration of phosphate reached 100 mg·L~(-1),the nitrogen removal efficiency of ANAMMOX was seriously inhibited. The rate of nitrogen removal decreased from 158. 33 g·(m~3·d)~(-1)to 60. 17 g·(m~3·d)~(-1),resulting in 62% inhibition. The results of real-time PCR showed that the concentration of ANAMMOX was decreased from(9. 97 ± 0. 86) × 107cells·m L~(-1)to(8. 26 ±0. 54) × 107cells·m L~(-1)in the restraining sludge system,and there was a relatively reduced trend.
引文
[1]Mulder A,van de Graaf A A,Robertson L A,et al.Anaerobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor[J].FEMS Microbiology Ecology,1995,16(3):177-183.
[2]Kuenen J G.Anammox bacteria:from discovery to application[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2008,6(4):320-326.
[3]Zhang L,Yang J C,Furukawa K.Stable and high-rate nitrogen removal from reject water by partial nitrification and subsequent Anammox[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2010,110(4):441-448.
[4]赵志宏,廖德祥,李小明,等.厌氧氨氧化微生物颗粒化及其脱氮性能的研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(4):800-804.Zhao Z H,Liao D X,Li X M,et al.Cultivation and nitrogen removal characteristics of ANAMMOX granules[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(4):800-804.
[5]Joss A,Salzgeber D,Eugster J,et al.Full-scale nitrogen removal from digester liquid with partial nitritation and Anammox in one SBR[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(14):5301-5306.
[6]Araujo J C,Campos A C,Correa M M,et al.Anammox bacteria enrichment and characterization from municipal activated sludge[J].Water Science&Technology:A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2011,64(7):1428-1434.
[7]丁爽,唐崇俭,郑平,等.厌氧氨氧化工艺脱氮机理和抑制因素的研究进展[J].化工进展,2010,29(9):1754-1759.Ding S,Tang C J,Zheng P,et al.Progress in anaerobic ammonia oxidation biological nitrogen removal mechanism and inhibitory factors[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2010,29(9):1754-1759.
[8]阳广凤,金仁村,余妤,等.厌氧氨氧化工艺的抑制现象[J].应用与环境生物学报,2012,18(3):502-510.Yang G F,Jin R C,Yu Y,et al.Inhibition phenomenon of Anammox process[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2012,18(3):502-510.
[9]王元月,魏源送,张树军.厌氧氨氧化技术处理高浓度氨氮工业废水的可行性分析[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(9):2359-2368.Wang Y Y,Wei Y S,Zhang S J.Feasibility analysis of Anammox for treating high strength ammonia industrial wastewater[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(9):2359-2368.
[10]Jetten M S M,Strous M,van de Pas-Schoonen K T,et al.The anaerobic oxidation of ammonium[J].FEMS Microbiology Reviews,1998,22(5):421-437.
[11]Egli K,Fanger U,Alvarez P J J,et al.Enrichment and characterization of an Anammox bacterium from a rotating biological contactor treating ammonium-rich leachate[J].Archives of Microbiology,2001,175(3):198-207.
[12]王俊安,李冬,田智勇,等.常温下磷酸盐对城市污水厌氧氨氧化的影响[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(19):31-33,36.Wang J A,Li D,Tian Z Y,et al.Effect of phosphate on Anammox of municipal sewage at normal temperature[J].China Water&Wastewater,2009,25(19):31-33,36.
[13]张锦耀,周少奇,袁金鹏,等.磷酸盐对高基质厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(8):4061-4066.Zhang J Y,Zhou S Q,Yuan J P,et al.Effect of phosphate on performance of Anammox process at high substrate[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(8):4061-4066.
[14]Ni S Q,Lee P H,Fessehaie A,et al.Enrichment and biofilm formation of Anammox bacteria in a non-woven membrane reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,101(6):1792-1799.
[15]Dapena-Mora A,Fernández I,Campos J L,et al.Evaluation of activity and inhibition effects on Anammox process by batch tests based on the nitrogen gas production[J].Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2007,40(4):859-865.
[16]Oshiki M,Shimokawa M,Fujii N,et al.Physiological characteristics of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’[J].Microbiology,2011,157(6):1706-1713.
[17]于德爽,齐泮晴,李津,等.厌氧氨氧化工艺处理含海水污水的亚硝态氮抑制及反应动力学[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1400-1408.Yu D S,Qi P Q,Li J,et al.Treating sewage with seawater by ANAMMOX process:effects of nitrite and kinetics[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(5):1400-1408.
[18]鲍林林,李刚强,李冬,等.常温低基质下磷酸盐对厌氧氨氧化反应的影响[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(11):4389-4392.Bao L L,Li G Q,Li D,et al.Effect of phosphate on Anammox at low substrate and normal temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(11):4389-4392.
[19]张锦耀,周少奇,王敬平,等.磷酸盐对CANON工艺的脱氮特性研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1615-1621.Zhang J Y,Zhou S Q,Wang J P,et al.Effect of phosphate on the performance of the CANON process[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(5):1615-1621.
[20]曾涛涛.常温低基质PN-ANAMMOX耦合工艺脱氮效能及微生物特性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.Zeng T T.Research on nitrogen removal efficiency and microbial properties of PN-ANAMMOX combination for low strength wastewater treatment at ambient temperature[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.
[21]刘涛.基于亚硝化的全程自养脱氮工艺(CANON)效能及微生物特征研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.Liu T.Process performance and microbial characteristics of completely autotrophic nitrogen-removal over nitrite(CANON)[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.
[22]Zhang Z Z,Buayi X,Cheng Y F,et al.ANAMMOX endogenous metabolism during long-term starvation:impacts of intermittent and persistent modes and phosphates[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2015,151:309-317.
[23]Flemming H C,Wingender J.The biofilm matrix[J].Nature Reviews.Microbiology,2010,8(9):623-633.
[24]Zhang X Q,Bishop P L.Biodegradability of biofilm extracellular polymeric substances[J].Chemosphere,2003,50(1):63-69.
[25]Strous M,Fuerst J A,Kramer E H M,et al.Missing lithotroph identified as new planctomycete[J].Nature,1999,400(6743):446-449.
[26]Doyle J D,Parsons S A.Struvite formation,control and recovery[J].Water Research,2002,36(16):3925-3940.
[2]Kuenen J G.Anammox bacteria:from discovery to application[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2008,6(4):320-326.
[3]Zhang L,Yang J C,Furukawa K.Stable and high-rate nitrogen removal from reject water by partial nitrification and subsequent Anammox[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2010,110(4):441-448.
[4]赵志宏,廖德祥,李小明,等.厌氧氨氧化微生物颗粒化及其脱氮性能的研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(4):800-804.Zhao Z H,Liao D X,Li X M,et al.Cultivation and nitrogen removal characteristics of ANAMMOX granules[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(4):800-804.
[5]Joss A,Salzgeber D,Eugster J,et al.Full-scale nitrogen removal from digester liquid with partial nitritation and Anammox in one SBR[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(14):5301-5306.
[6]Araujo J C,Campos A C,Correa M M,et al.Anammox bacteria enrichment and characterization from municipal activated sludge[J].Water Science&Technology:A Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research,2011,64(7):1428-1434.
[7]丁爽,唐崇俭,郑平,等.厌氧氨氧化工艺脱氮机理和抑制因素的研究进展[J].化工进展,2010,29(9):1754-1759.Ding S,Tang C J,Zheng P,et al.Progress in anaerobic ammonia oxidation biological nitrogen removal mechanism and inhibitory factors[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2010,29(9):1754-1759.
[8]阳广凤,金仁村,余妤,等.厌氧氨氧化工艺的抑制现象[J].应用与环境生物学报,2012,18(3):502-510.Yang G F,Jin R C,Yu Y,et al.Inhibition phenomenon of Anammox process[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2012,18(3):502-510.
[9]王元月,魏源送,张树军.厌氧氨氧化技术处理高浓度氨氮工业废水的可行性分析[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(9):2359-2368.Wang Y Y,Wei Y S,Zhang S J.Feasibility analysis of Anammox for treating high strength ammonia industrial wastewater[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(9):2359-2368.
[10]Jetten M S M,Strous M,van de Pas-Schoonen K T,et al.The anaerobic oxidation of ammonium[J].FEMS Microbiology Reviews,1998,22(5):421-437.
[11]Egli K,Fanger U,Alvarez P J J,et al.Enrichment and characterization of an Anammox bacterium from a rotating biological contactor treating ammonium-rich leachate[J].Archives of Microbiology,2001,175(3):198-207.
[12]王俊安,李冬,田智勇,等.常温下磷酸盐对城市污水厌氧氨氧化的影响[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(19):31-33,36.Wang J A,Li D,Tian Z Y,et al.Effect of phosphate on Anammox of municipal sewage at normal temperature[J].China Water&Wastewater,2009,25(19):31-33,36.
[13]张锦耀,周少奇,袁金鹏,等.磷酸盐对高基质厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮性能的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(8):4061-4066.Zhang J Y,Zhou S Q,Yuan J P,et al.Effect of phosphate on performance of Anammox process at high substrate[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(8):4061-4066.
[14]Ni S Q,Lee P H,Fessehaie A,et al.Enrichment and biofilm formation of Anammox bacteria in a non-woven membrane reactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,101(6):1792-1799.
[15]Dapena-Mora A,Fernández I,Campos J L,et al.Evaluation of activity and inhibition effects on Anammox process by batch tests based on the nitrogen gas production[J].Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2007,40(4):859-865.
[16]Oshiki M,Shimokawa M,Fujii N,et al.Physiological characteristics of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’[J].Microbiology,2011,157(6):1706-1713.
[17]于德爽,齐泮晴,李津,等.厌氧氨氧化工艺处理含海水污水的亚硝态氮抑制及反应动力学[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1400-1408.Yu D S,Qi P Q,Li J,et al.Treating sewage with seawater by ANAMMOX process:effects of nitrite and kinetics[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(5):1400-1408.
[18]鲍林林,李刚强,李冬,等.常温低基质下磷酸盐对厌氧氨氧化反应的影响[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(11):4389-4392.Bao L L,Li G Q,Li D,et al.Effect of phosphate on Anammox at low substrate and normal temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(11):4389-4392.
[19]张锦耀,周少奇,王敬平,等.磷酸盐对CANON工艺的脱氮特性研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1615-1621.Zhang J Y,Zhou S Q,Wang J P,et al.Effect of phosphate on the performance of the CANON process[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(5):1615-1621.
[20]曾涛涛.常温低基质PN-ANAMMOX耦合工艺脱氮效能及微生物特性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.Zeng T T.Research on nitrogen removal efficiency and microbial properties of PN-ANAMMOX combination for low strength wastewater treatment at ambient temperature[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.
[21]刘涛.基于亚硝化的全程自养脱氮工艺(CANON)效能及微生物特征研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.Liu T.Process performance and microbial characteristics of completely autotrophic nitrogen-removal over nitrite(CANON)[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.
[22]Zhang Z Z,Buayi X,Cheng Y F,et al.ANAMMOX endogenous metabolism during long-term starvation:impacts of intermittent and persistent modes and phosphates[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2015,151:309-317.
[23]Flemming H C,Wingender J.The biofilm matrix[J].Nature Reviews.Microbiology,2010,8(9):623-633.
[24]Zhang X Q,Bishop P L.Biodegradability of biofilm extracellular polymeric substances[J].Chemosphere,2003,50(1):63-69.
[25]Strous M,Fuerst J A,Kramer E H M,et al.Missing lithotroph identified as new planctomycete[J].Nature,1999,400(6743):446-449.
[26]Doyle J D,Parsons S A.Struvite formation,control and recovery[J].Water Research,2002,36(16):3925-3940.