坚果破壳取仁与包装生产线控制系统设计
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摘要
目的通过改变山核桃的加工工序,优化系统结构和控制,保证果仁的完整性,降低损伤率。方法系统采用PLC为控制核心元件,以及智能化控制系统软件设计,实现山核桃的初次破壳、筛选、风选、二次高速碰撞破壳,以及再次筛选、风选、色选和包装等工序的全程自动控制。通过采用变速给料和合适的算法,来提高包装的精度。结果损伤率实验表明,山核桃整仁中果仁表面光亮、无明显伤痕、团仁较多,果仁平均损伤率为6.25%,低果仁损伤率低,系统的破壳质量得到了验证。结论损伤率实验和包装精度实验结果表明,系统达到了设计要求。目前,该系统已在生产上得到广泛应用。
The work aims to guarantee the integrity of pecan kernel and reduce the damage rate by changing the processing procedure of pecan and optimizing the system structure and control. With PLC as the control core component and based on the intelligent control system software design, the system realized the automatic control of the whole process of primary pecan shell cracking, screening, winnowing, secondary high-speed impact shell cracking, re-screening, winnowing, color selection and packaging. Through the variable-speed feeding and the appropriate algorithm, the packaging accuracy was improved. The damage rate test indicated that, in the perfect pecan kernels, the kernel surface was bright and free from obvious scars, and most of them were round. The average damage rate of the kernel was 6.25%. The kernel damage rate was low. The shell cracking quality of the system was verified. The damage rate test and packaging accuracy experiment results show that, the system meets the design requirements. At present, the system has been widely applied in production.
The work aims to guarantee the integrity of pecan kernel and reduce the damage rate by changing the processing procedure of pecan and optimizing the system structure and control. With PLC as the control core component and based on the intelligent control system software design, the system realized the automatic control of the whole process of primary pecan shell cracking, screening, winnowing, secondary high-speed impact shell cracking, re-screening, winnowing, color selection and packaging. Through the variable-speed feeding and the appropriate algorithm, the packaging accuracy was improved. The damage rate test indicated that, in the perfect pecan kernels, the kernel surface was bright and free from obvious scars, and most of them were round. The average damage rate of the kernel was 6.25%. The kernel damage rate was low. The shell cracking quality of the system was verified. The damage rate test and packaging accuracy experiment results show that, the system meets the design requirements. At present, the system has been widely applied in production.
引文
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[11]闫茹,高警,郑甲红,等.基于Workbench的核桃破壳力学特性分析[J].农机化研究,2014,36(10):38-41.YAN Ru,GAO Jing,ZHENG Jia-hong,et al.Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Walnut Shell Based on Workbench[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2014,36(10):38-41.
[12]刘明政.核桃剪切挤压柔性破壳取仁的机理分析与实验研究[D].青岛:青岛理工大学,2015.LIU Ming-zheng.Mechanization Analysis and Experimentation Research of Walnut Shearing-extrusion Flexible Shell-crushing[D].Qingdao:Qingdao University of Technology,2015.
[13]李泽泽,曹成茂.山核桃破壳及包装自动化生产线控制系统的设计[J].包装工程,2017,38(3):140-146.LI Ze-ze,CAO Cheng-mao.Design of Control System of Automatic Production Line of Pecan Shell Cracking and Packaging[J].Packaging Engineering,2017,38(3):140-146.
[14]胡汪洋,曹成茂,吴正敏,等.小袋山核桃仁包装机袋膜纠偏模糊控制系统设计[J].包装工程,2017,33(8):59-65.HU Wang-yang,CAO Cheng-mao.WU Zheng-ming,et al.Design of the Rectifying Fuzzy Control System of the Bag Film of Pouch Pecan Kernel Packaging Machine[J].Packaging Engineering,2017,33(8):59-65.
[15]孙惠琳,曹成茂.DB 8320型立式包装机称重控制系统的研究与改进[J].农机化研究,2016(7):142-151.SUN Hui-lin,CAO Cheng-mao.Research and Improvement of DB8320 Packaging Machine Weighing Control System[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016(7):142-151.
[16]王艳娟,王桂英,王艺萌.食品类智能包装技术研究进展[J].包装工程,2018,39(11):6-12.WANG Yan-juan,WANG Gui-ying,WANG Yi-meng.Research Progress of Food Intelligent Packaging Technology[J].Packaging Engineering,2018,39(11):6-12.
[17]胡伟.基于PLC的BL300型立式食品包装机控制系统设计[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2015.HU Wei.The Design of Control System of BL300 Vertical Food Packing Machine Based on PLC[D].Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2015.
[18]孙惠琳.包装秤控制系统的研究与改进[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2016.SUN Hui-lin.Research and Improvement of Packing Scale Control System[D].Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2016.
[2]陈向明,徐涛,查甫本.山核桃外果皮黄酮提取与纯化[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(12):177-181.CHEN Xiang-ming,XU Tao,ZHA Fu-ben.Extraction and Purification of Flavone in C.Cathayensis Exocarp[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(12):177-181.
[3]薛波.大别山山核桃品种类型及其品质的研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2013.XUE Bo.Study on Biotypes and Nuts Quality of Carya Dabieshanensis[D].Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2013.
[4]SHARIFIAN F,DERAFSHI M H.Mechanical Behavior of Walnut under Cracking Conditions[J].Journal of Applied Sciences,2008,8(5):886-890.
[5]SEZAI E,MAZHAR K,ISMAIL O,et al.Comparison of some Physico-mechanical Nut and Kernel Properties of Two Walnut(Juglans Regia L)Cultivars[J].Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca,2011,39(2):227-231.
[6]RAGAB K,PAN Zhong-li,GRIFFITHS G A,et al.Size and Moisture Distribution Characteristics of Walnuts and Their Components[J].Food and Bioprocess Technology,2011(11):11-15.
[7]丁冉,曹成茂,詹超,等.仿生敲击式山核桃破壳机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(3):257-264.DING Ran,CAO Cheng-mao,ZHAN Chao,et al.Design and Experiment of Bionic-impact Type Pecan Shell Breaker[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(3):257-264.
[8]蒋兰,曹成茂,谢承健,等.山核桃破壳机敲击臂凸轮机构的设计与试验[J].机械设计,2018,35(6):54-59.JIANG Lan,CAO Cheng-mao,XIE Cheng-jian,et al.Design and Test on Cam Mechanism of Striking-arm for Pecan Shell Breaker[J].Journal of Machine Design,2018,35(6):54-59.
[9]孙偲,曹成茂,娄帅帅,等.山核桃破壳力学性能试验[J].安徽农业大学学报,2016,43(2):331-336.SUN Si,CAO Cheng-mao,LOU Shuai-shuai,et al.ATest of Breaking Mechanical Properties of Pecan Shell[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2016,43(2):331-336.
[10]曹成茂,蒋兰,吴崇友,等.山核桃破壳机加载锤头设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(10):307-315.CAO Cheng-mao,JIANG Lan,WU Chong-you,et al.Design and Test on Hammerhead of Pecan Shell-breaking Machine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(10):307-315.
[11]闫茹,高警,郑甲红,等.基于Workbench的核桃破壳力学特性分析[J].农机化研究,2014,36(10):38-41.YAN Ru,GAO Jing,ZHENG Jia-hong,et al.Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Walnut Shell Based on Workbench[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2014,36(10):38-41.
[12]刘明政.核桃剪切挤压柔性破壳取仁的机理分析与实验研究[D].青岛:青岛理工大学,2015.LIU Ming-zheng.Mechanization Analysis and Experimentation Research of Walnut Shearing-extrusion Flexible Shell-crushing[D].Qingdao:Qingdao University of Technology,2015.
[13]李泽泽,曹成茂.山核桃破壳及包装自动化生产线控制系统的设计[J].包装工程,2017,38(3):140-146.LI Ze-ze,CAO Cheng-mao.Design of Control System of Automatic Production Line of Pecan Shell Cracking and Packaging[J].Packaging Engineering,2017,38(3):140-146.
[14]胡汪洋,曹成茂,吴正敏,等.小袋山核桃仁包装机袋膜纠偏模糊控制系统设计[J].包装工程,2017,33(8):59-65.HU Wang-yang,CAO Cheng-mao.WU Zheng-ming,et al.Design of the Rectifying Fuzzy Control System of the Bag Film of Pouch Pecan Kernel Packaging Machine[J].Packaging Engineering,2017,33(8):59-65.
[15]孙惠琳,曹成茂.DB 8320型立式包装机称重控制系统的研究与改进[J].农机化研究,2016(7):142-151.SUN Hui-lin,CAO Cheng-mao.Research and Improvement of DB8320 Packaging Machine Weighing Control System[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016(7):142-151.
[16]王艳娟,王桂英,王艺萌.食品类智能包装技术研究进展[J].包装工程,2018,39(11):6-12.WANG Yan-juan,WANG Gui-ying,WANG Yi-meng.Research Progress of Food Intelligent Packaging Technology[J].Packaging Engineering,2018,39(11):6-12.
[17]胡伟.基于PLC的BL300型立式食品包装机控制系统设计[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2015.HU Wei.The Design of Control System of BL300 Vertical Food Packing Machine Based on PLC[D].Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2015.
[18]孙惠琳.包装秤控制系统的研究与改进[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2016.SUN Hui-lin.Research and Improvement of Packing Scale Control System[D].Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2016.