不同氮磷钾配比对生姜脱毒苗生长和根茎鲜重的影响
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摘要
为揭示生姜脱毒苗生长过程中的需肥规律,优选原原种繁殖的施肥配方,试验以"永福"生姜脱毒苗为材料,采用L_9 (3~4)正交试验设计方法,研究了不同NPK配比对盆栽生姜脱毒苗生长及根茎鲜重的影响。结果表明,脱毒苗整个生育期内对N、P、K的需求呈上升趋势,生长前期以喷施较低浓度效果较好,N、P、K的最佳施用浓度为N 60 mg·L~(-1)、P 20 mg·L~(-1)、K 100 mg·L~(-1),植株分枝数、株高、叶片增长数和根茎鲜重均达到较高值,随着喷施浓度增加,脱毒苗出现黄化和枯尖现象;相关性分析表明生姜脱毒苗生长前期分枝数、株高、叶片增长数与根茎鲜重的生长均呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.94～0.97。生长后期试验最佳施用浓度是N 200 mg·L~(-1)、K_200 mg·L~(-1),理论最佳N、K施用浓度为N 250 mg·L~(-1)、K 200 mg·L~(-1)。综上,适宜生姜原原种繁殖的前期最佳N、P、K施用浓度为N 60 mg·L~(-1)、P 20 mg·L~(-1)、K 100 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(P)∶ρ(K)=3∶1∶5];后期最佳施用浓度为N 200 mg·L~(-1)、K 200 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(K)=1∶1],理论最佳浓度为N 250 mg·L~(-1)、K 200 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(K)=5∶4]。
To reveal the nutrient requirement of virus-free ginger's growth and optimize the formula fertilization of originaloriginal seed's breeding,the effects of different ratios of N,P,K on plant growth and fresh weight of rhizome were studied using L9(34) orthogonal test method with virus-free ginger of "Yongfu" as material.The results showed that the demand of N,P,K was in an increasing tendency in all periods,the effect was better by spraying lower concentration in early stage,the optimized concentration of N,P and K was N 60 mg·L~(-1),P 20 mg·L~(-1) and K 100 mg·L~(-1),and the branch number,plant height,growth quantity of leaves and fresh weight of rhizome were all at a higher level.With spraying concentration rising,the phenomena of etiolation and withering of virus-free seedlings were obvious.Correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlation among the branch number,plant height,growth quantity of leaves and the fresh weight of rhizome.Their related coefficients counted 0.94 ～ 0.97.The optimum concentration of test was N 200 mg·L~(-1) and K 200 mg·L~(-1),but the theoretical fertilization was N 250 mg·L~(-1) and K 200 mg·L~(-1) in later period of growth.Above all,in early stage of original-original seed's breeding,the optimized concentration of N,P and K was N 60 mg·L~(-1),P 20 mg·L~(-1) and K 100 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(P)∶ρ(K)= 3∶ 1∶5].The optimum concentration of test was N 200 mg·L~(-1) and K 200 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(K)=1∶1],and the theoretical fertilization was N 250 mg·L~(-1) and K 200 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(K)=5∶4] in later period of growth.
To reveal the nutrient requirement of virus-free ginger's growth and optimize the formula fertilization of originaloriginal seed's breeding,the effects of different ratios of N,P,K on plant growth and fresh weight of rhizome were studied using L9(34) orthogonal test method with virus-free ginger of "Yongfu" as material.The results showed that the demand of N,P,K was in an increasing tendency in all periods,the effect was better by spraying lower concentration in early stage,the optimized concentration of N,P and K was N 60 mg·L~(-1),P 20 mg·L~(-1) and K 100 mg·L~(-1),and the branch number,plant height,growth quantity of leaves and fresh weight of rhizome were all at a higher level.With spraying concentration rising,the phenomena of etiolation and withering of virus-free seedlings were obvious.Correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlation among the branch number,plant height,growth quantity of leaves and the fresh weight of rhizome.Their related coefficients counted 0.94 ～ 0.97.The optimum concentration of test was N 200 mg·L~(-1) and K 200 mg·L~(-1),but the theoretical fertilization was N 250 mg·L~(-1) and K 200 mg·L~(-1) in later period of growth.Above all,in early stage of original-original seed's breeding,the optimized concentration of N,P and K was N 60 mg·L~(-1),P 20 mg·L~(-1) and K 100 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(P)∶ρ(K)= 3∶ 1∶5].The optimum concentration of test was N 200 mg·L~(-1) and K 200 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(K)=1∶1],and the theoretical fertilization was N 250 mg·L~(-1) and K 200 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(K)=5∶4] in later period of growth.
引文
[1]李秀,徐坤,巩彪,等.生姜农艺性状与产量形成关系的多重分析[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(12):2431-2437.
[2]高山林,卞云云,陈柏君.生姜组织培养脱病毒、快繁和高产栽培[J].中国蔬菜,1999,(3):40-41.
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[4]朱志刚,胡洪涛,石丽桥,等.生姜青枯病防治药剂室内筛选及评价[J].植物保护,2017,43(6):202-206.
[5]KumarA,SarmaYR.CharacterizationofRalstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt in ginger[J].Indian Phytopathology,2004,57(1):12-17.
[6]刘振伟,史秀娟,李立国,等.生姜茎腐病防治药剂筛选研究[J].植物保护,2012,38(1):162-165.
[7]Fegan M,Prior P.How complex is the “Ralstonia solanacearum speciescomplex”?[M]//Bacterialwiltdisease andthe Ralstonia solanacearum species complex.Saint Paul:American Phytopathological Society Press,2005.449-461.
[8]Allen C,Prior P,Hayward A C,et al.Bacterial wilt disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex[M].Saint Paul:American Phytopathological Society Press,2011.
[9]史秀娟,刘振伟,李立国,等.生姜品种资源对姜瘟病的抗病性鉴定[J].植物保护,2011,37(2):124-126.
[10]王磊,徐坤,李秀.姜种质资源及育种研究现状与展望[J].中国蔬菜,2013,(16):1-6.
[11]任静,陈以相,陈建斌,等.马铃薯脱毒苗移栽期差异对病害发生及产量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2017,32(3):402-409.
[12]Chen L Z,Du Z S,Terao H,et al.Establishment of propagation method in large quantities to produce virus-free plants of sweet potato,Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.by means of cultures of shoot apex and sucker[J].Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture Miyazaki University,2004,50:1-9.
[13]Feng H,Tang H R.Effect of heat treatment combined with shoot tip culture on the virus-free of Arena strawberry[J].2012,6(2):168-174.
[14]赵彦杰.苍山大蒜脱毒繁殖技术的研究[J].作物杂志,2006,(3):33-34.
[15]冯英,薛庆中.生姜脱菌快繁研究进展[J].植物学通报,2002,19(4):439-443.
[16]王馨笙,徐坤,杨天慧.生姜对氮、磷、钾吸收分配规律研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(6):1515-1520.
[17]刘奕清,陈泽雄,吴中军.生姜脱毒种苗移栽基质筛选及肥水调控研究[J].北方园艺,2010,(2):36-37.
[18]王馨笙.生姜对氮磷钾吸收分配规律及高效施肥技术研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2010.
[19]王辉,齐泽民,顿浩阳,等.不同N、P、Mg、K配比对“雅荷”百合生长及子球培育的影响[J].云南大学学报,2015,37(4):600-606.
[20]李录久,胡永年,徐志斌,等.生姜氮磷钾平衡施肥技术研究[J].安徽农业科学,2002,30(6):863-864.
[21]王明启.花卉无土栽培技术[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2001.
[22]孙向成,邹勇,李焕梅,等.栽培模式对竹根姜生长及氮、磷、钾吸收的影响[J].中药材,2016,39(1):24-27.
[23]吴萍萍,王家嘉,李录久.氮硫配施对生姜生长和氮素吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):251-258.
[24]宋小艺,徐坤,王忠宾,等.有机土基质栽培对生姜产量及氮磷钾利用效率的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2012,(14):59-64.
[25]李隆云,卫莹芳,汪晓辉,等.干姜(黄口姜)氮、磷、钾吸收与积累特性研究[J].中国中药杂志,2009,33(1):1478-1480.
[2]高山林,卞云云,陈柏君.生姜组织培养脱病毒、快繁和高产栽培[J].中国蔬菜,1999,(3):40-41.
[3]Stirling G R,Turaganivalu U,Stirling A M,et al.Rhizome rot of ginger(Zingiber officinale)caused by Pythium myriotylum,in Fiji and Australia[J].Australasian Plant Pathology,2009,38(5):453-460.
[4]朱志刚,胡洪涛,石丽桥,等.生姜青枯病防治药剂室内筛选及评价[J].植物保护,2017,43(6):202-206.
[5]KumarA,SarmaYR.CharacterizationofRalstonia solanacearum causing bacterial wilt in ginger[J].Indian Phytopathology,2004,57(1):12-17.
[6]刘振伟,史秀娟,李立国,等.生姜茎腐病防治药剂筛选研究[J].植物保护,2012,38(1):162-165.
[7]Fegan M,Prior P.How complex is the “Ralstonia solanacearum speciescomplex”?[M]//Bacterialwiltdisease andthe Ralstonia solanacearum species complex.Saint Paul:American Phytopathological Society Press,2005.449-461.
[8]Allen C,Prior P,Hayward A C,et al.Bacterial wilt disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex[M].Saint Paul:American Phytopathological Society Press,2011.
[9]史秀娟,刘振伟,李立国,等.生姜品种资源对姜瘟病的抗病性鉴定[J].植物保护,2011,37(2):124-126.
[10]王磊,徐坤,李秀.姜种质资源及育种研究现状与展望[J].中国蔬菜,2013,(16):1-6.
[11]任静,陈以相,陈建斌,等.马铃薯脱毒苗移栽期差异对病害发生及产量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2017,32(3):402-409.
[12]Chen L Z,Du Z S,Terao H,et al.Establishment of propagation method in large quantities to produce virus-free plants of sweet potato,Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.by means of cultures of shoot apex and sucker[J].Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture Miyazaki University,2004,50:1-9.
[13]Feng H,Tang H R.Effect of heat treatment combined with shoot tip culture on the virus-free of Arena strawberry[J].2012,6(2):168-174.
[14]赵彦杰.苍山大蒜脱毒繁殖技术的研究[J].作物杂志,2006,(3):33-34.
[15]冯英,薛庆中.生姜脱菌快繁研究进展[J].植物学通报,2002,19(4):439-443.
[16]王馨笙,徐坤,杨天慧.生姜对氮、磷、钾吸收分配规律研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(6):1515-1520.
[17]刘奕清,陈泽雄,吴中军.生姜脱毒种苗移栽基质筛选及肥水调控研究[J].北方园艺,2010,(2):36-37.
[18]王馨笙.生姜对氮磷钾吸收分配规律及高效施肥技术研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2010.
[19]王辉,齐泽民,顿浩阳,等.不同N、P、Mg、K配比对“雅荷”百合生长及子球培育的影响[J].云南大学学报,2015,37(4):600-606.
[20]李录久,胡永年,徐志斌,等.生姜氮磷钾平衡施肥技术研究[J].安徽农业科学,2002,30(6):863-864.
[21]王明启.花卉无土栽培技术[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2001.
[22]孙向成,邹勇,李焕梅,等.栽培模式对竹根姜生长及氮、磷、钾吸收的影响[J].中药材,2016,39(1):24-27.
[23]吴萍萍,王家嘉,李录久.氮硫配施对生姜生长和氮素吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):251-258.
[24]宋小艺,徐坤,王忠宾,等.有机土基质栽培对生姜产量及氮磷钾利用效率的影响[J].中国蔬菜,2012,(14):59-64.
[25]李隆云,卫莹芳,汪晓辉,等.干姜(黄口姜)氮、磷、钾吸收与积累特性研究[J].中国中药杂志,2009,33(1):1478-1480.