摘要
为揭示生姜脱毒苗生长过程中的需肥规律,优选原原种繁殖的施肥配方,试验以"永福"生姜脱毒苗为材料,采用L_9 (3~4)正交试验设计方法,研究了不同NPK配比对盆栽生姜脱毒苗生长及根茎鲜重的影响。结果表明,脱毒苗整个生育期内对N、P、K的需求呈上升趋势,生长前期以喷施较低浓度效果较好,N、P、K的最佳施用浓度为N 60 mg·L~(-1)、P 20 mg·L~(-1)、K 100 mg·L~(-1),植株分枝数、株高、叶片增长数和根茎鲜重均达到较高值,随着喷施浓度增加,脱毒苗出现黄化和枯尖现象;相关性分析表明生姜脱毒苗生长前期分枝数、株高、叶片增长数与根茎鲜重的生长均呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.94~0.97。生长后期试验最佳施用浓度是N 200 mg·L~(-1)、K_200 mg·L~(-1),理论最佳N、K施用浓度为N 250 mg·L~(-1)、K 200 mg·L~(-1)。综上,适宜生姜原原种繁殖的前期最佳N、P、K施用浓度为N 60 mg·L~(-1)、P 20 mg·L~(-1)、K 100 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(P)∶ρ(K)=3∶1∶5];后期最佳施用浓度为N 200 mg·L~(-1)、K 200 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(K)=1∶1],理论最佳浓度为N 250 mg·L~(-1)、K 200 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(K)=5∶4]。
To reveal the nutrient requirement of virus-free ginger's growth and optimize the formula fertilization of originaloriginal seed's breeding,the effects of different ratios of N,P,K on plant growth and fresh weight of rhizome were studied using L9(34) orthogonal test method with virus-free ginger of "Yongfu" as material.The results showed that the demand of N,P,K was in an increasing tendency in all periods,the effect was better by spraying lower concentration in early stage,the optimized concentration of N,P and K was N 60 mg·L~(-1),P 20 mg·L~(-1) and K 100 mg·L~(-1),and the branch number,plant height,growth quantity of leaves and fresh weight of rhizome were all at a higher level.With spraying concentration rising,the phenomena of etiolation and withering of virus-free seedlings were obvious.Correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlation among the branch number,plant height,growth quantity of leaves and the fresh weight of rhizome.Their related coefficients counted 0.94 ~ 0.97.The optimum concentration of test was N 200 mg·L~(-1) and K 200 mg·L~(-1),but the theoretical fertilization was N 250 mg·L~(-1) and K 200 mg·L~(-1) in later period of growth.Above all,in early stage of original-original seed's breeding,the optimized concentration of N,P and K was N 60 mg·L~(-1),P 20 mg·L~(-1) and K 100 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(P)∶ρ(K)= 3∶ 1∶5].The optimum concentration of test was N 200 mg·L~(-1) and K 200 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(K)=1∶1],and the theoretical fertilization was N 250 mg·L~(-1) and K 200 mg·L~(-1)[ρ(N)∶ρ(K)=5∶4] in later period of growth.
引文
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