昆虫病原线虫对大豆田八字地老虎幼虫致病力的研究
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摘要
应用斯氏线虫(Steinernema carpocapsae)的4个品系和异小杆线虫(Heterorhabditis bacteriophora)的3个品系,以滤纸为介质对八字地老虎三龄和五龄幼虫进行致病力测定,以筛选出对八字地老虎寄生效果较好的昆虫病原线虫品系及最佳防治龄期。生物测定结果表明,7个不同昆虫病原线虫品系均对八字地老虎三龄幼虫具有致病力,其中斯氏线虫Sc-2的致死速度最快,侵染24、36和72 h的校正死亡率一直高于其他线虫品系,96 h时校正死亡率达到100%。Sc-2侵染五龄幼虫24、36、72、96和120 h校正死亡率也一直高于其他线虫品系。可以看出Sc-2是对八字地老虎幼虫最敏感的昆虫病原线虫品系。但随着八字地老虎幼虫发育该线虫的致病力减弱,即Sc-2对五龄幼虫的校正死亡率低于三龄幼虫。八字地老虎蛹对昆虫病原线虫7个品系都不敏感,侵染后可促进蛹提前羽化。因此,田间防治八字地老虎时三龄幼虫期效果最好。
Xestia c-nigrum L.is one of the pests seriously damaging soybean and other agricultural crops.In order to achieve entomopathogenic nematode with higher pathogenicity and optimum control stage of Xestia c-nigrum,four strains of Steinernema carpocapsae and three strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were used to test pathogenicity against juvenile 3 and 5 of Xestia c-nigrum on filter paper.The results showed that seven strains of entomopathogenic nematode had pathogenicity on juvenile 3 of Xestia c-nigrum,and the pathogenicity of Steinernema carpocapsae was stronger than that of S.glaseri and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora.Steinernema carpocapsae-2(Sc-2)had the fastest lethal speed on juvenile 3 of Xestia c-nigrum;the half lethal time was 36 h,and the half lethal time of other strains of entomopathogenic nematode was longer than 48 h.The correct cumulative mortality of juvenile 3 infected by Sc-2 was higher than that caused by other nematode stains when juvenile 3 was infected for 24,36 and 72 h,and the correct cumulative mortality reached at 100% when juvenile 3 was infected for 96 h.The correct cumulative mortality of juvenile 5 infected by Sc-2 was higher than that caused by other nematode strains when juvenile 5 was infected for 24,36,72,96 and 120 h.The pathogenicity of Sc-2 was the strongest on Xestia c-nigrum among the seven nematode strains.The pathogenicity of Sc-2 decreased as Xestia c-nigrum grew up,and the correct mortality of juvenile 3 was higher than that of juvenile 5 when they were infected by Sc-2.The pupal of Xestia c-nigrum was insensitive to the seven strains of the entomopathogenic nematode,and the eclosion of Xestia c-nigrum was promoted by the entomopathogenic nematode.Juvenile 3 was considered as the optimum control stage of Xestia c-nigrum to entomopathogenic nematode.
Xestia c-nigrum L.is one of the pests seriously damaging soybean and other agricultural crops.In order to achieve entomopathogenic nematode with higher pathogenicity and optimum control stage of Xestia c-nigrum,four strains of Steinernema carpocapsae and three strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were used to test pathogenicity against juvenile 3 and 5 of Xestia c-nigrum on filter paper.The results showed that seven strains of entomopathogenic nematode had pathogenicity on juvenile 3 of Xestia c-nigrum,and the pathogenicity of Steinernema carpocapsae was stronger than that of S.glaseri and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora.Steinernema carpocapsae-2(Sc-2)had the fastest lethal speed on juvenile 3 of Xestia c-nigrum;the half lethal time was 36 h,and the half lethal time of other strains of entomopathogenic nematode was longer than 48 h.The correct cumulative mortality of juvenile 3 infected by Sc-2 was higher than that caused by other nematode stains when juvenile 3 was infected for 24,36 and 72 h,and the correct cumulative mortality reached at 100% when juvenile 3 was infected for 96 h.The correct cumulative mortality of juvenile 5 infected by Sc-2 was higher than that caused by other nematode strains when juvenile 5 was infected for 24,36,72,96 and 120 h.The pathogenicity of Sc-2 was the strongest on Xestia c-nigrum among the seven nematode strains.The pathogenicity of Sc-2 decreased as Xestia c-nigrum grew up,and the correct mortality of juvenile 3 was higher than that of juvenile 5 when they were infected by Sc-2.The pupal of Xestia c-nigrum was insensitive to the seven strains of the entomopathogenic nematode,and the eclosion of Xestia c-nigrum was promoted by the entomopathogenic nematode.Juvenile 3 was considered as the optimum control stage of Xestia c-nigrum to entomopathogenic nematode.
引文
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[14]钱秀娟,许艳丽,Wang Y,等.昆虫病原线虫对大豆地下害虫东北大黑鳃金龟幼虫的致病力研究[J].大豆科学,2005,24(3):224-228.(Qian X J,Xu Y L,Wang Y,et al.Infectivity of ento-mopathogenic nematode to soybean soil pest Holtrichia oblita fal-dermann[J].Soybean Science,2005,24(3):224-228.
[15]许艳丽,钱秀娟,李春杰.昆虫病原线虫对东北大黑鳃金龟防治效果研究[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2008,24(1):106-109.(Xu Y L,Qian X J,Li C J,et al.Biocontrol efficacy of ento-mopathogenic nematode Heterorhabdilis bacteriophora-NJ againstlarvae of Holotrichia diomphalia Bates[J].System Sciences andComprehensive Studies in Agriculture,2008,24(1):106-109.)
[16]Gaugler R.Entomopathogenic nematology[M].New York:CABIPublishing,2002.
[17]李春杰,许艳丽,刘长仲,等.大豆地下害虫生物生态控制[J].大豆通报,2006(6):20-23.(Li C J,Xu Y L,Liu C Z,et al.Strat-egies of biological and ecological control for the soil-born pests insoybean[J].Soybean Bulletin,2006(6):20-23.)
[18]夏英三.地老虎生物学及防治措施[J].植物医生,1998(6):6-7.(Xia Y S.Biological character and control of cutworm[J].PlantDoctor,1998(6):6-7.)
[19]李春杰,许艳丽,王义,等.不同培养方法对昆虫病原线虫质量影响及其评价[J].植物保护,2007,33(5):88-92.(Li C J,XuY L,Wang Y,et al.Evaluation of the effects of dif fervent methodson the quality of entomopathogenic nematodes[J].Plant Protec-tion,2007,33(5):88-92.)
[20]李春杰,许艳丽.一种用于寒区嗜菌异小杆昆虫病原线虫冷冻储存方法[P].中国专利:200910071751.1,2012-12-11.(Li CJ,Xu Y L.A crypreserved method for entomopathogenic nematodes(Heterorhabditis bacteriophora)[P].China:200910071751.1,2012-12-11.)
[21]李春杰,谭国忠,许艳丽,等.黑龙江省昆虫病原线虫资源和越冬情况调查初报[J].植物保护,2011,37(2):120-123;(Li CJ,Tan G Z,Xu Y L,et al.Occurrence of entomopathogenic nema-todes resources and overwintering conditions in Heilongjiang prov-ince[J]Plant Protection,2011,37(2):120-123.)
[22]王丽芳,许艳丽,李春杰.昆虫病原线虫耐寒性研究进展[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2011,27(4):490-494.(Wang L F,Xu Y L,Li C J.The research of entomopathogenic nematode coldtolerance[J].System Sciences and Comprehensive Studies in Agri-culture,2011,27(4):490-494.)
[23]王果红,韩日畴,陈镜华,等.利用昆虫病原线虫与化学农药混用防治褐纹甘蔗象[J].中国生物防治,2007,23(3):218-222.(Wang G H,Han R C,Chen J H,et al.Combined efficacy of ento-mopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae all and pesticideagainst Rhabdoscelus lineaticollis(Heller)[J].Chinese Journal ofBiological Control,2007,23(3):218-222.)
[24]谢钦铭,张选辉.昆虫病原线虫在害虫防治中应用的研究进展[J].江西科学,2002,20(4):226-231.(Xie Q M,Zhang X H.Recent research progresses of entomopathogenous nematodes on in-sect pest control[J].Jiangxi Science,2002,20(4):226-231.)
[25]张中润,曹莉,韩日畴,等.昆虫病原线虫Steinernema longicau-dumX-7增效药剂的筛选[J].昆虫知识,2006,43(1):68-73.(Zhang Z R,Cao L,Han R C,et al.Screening of insecticides assynergists for entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema longicau-dum X-7[J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,2006,43(1):68-73.)
[2]Georgis R,Gaugler R.Predictability in biological control using en-tomopathogenic nematodes[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,1991,84:713-720.
[3]董国伟,刘贤进,余向阳,等.昆虫病原线虫研究概况[J].昆虫知识,2001,38(2):107-111.(Dong G W,Liu X J,Yu X Y,et al.The situation of entomopathogenic nematodes research[J].Ento-mological Knowledge,2001,38(2):107-111.)
[4]Bedding R A,Akhurst R J,Kaya H K.Nematodes and the biologi-cal control of insect pest[M].Melbourne:CSIRO Press,1993.
[5]Hall F R,Menn J J.Biopesticides:Use and Delivery[M].Totowa:Humana Press,1999.
[6]Gaugler R,Kaya H K.Entomopathogenic nematodes in biologicalcontrol[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,1990,23-61.
[7]Boemare N E,Akhurst R J,Mourant R G.DNA relatedness betweenXenorhabdus spp.(Enterobacteriaceae)symbiotic bacteria of emto-mopathogenic nematodes,and a proposal to transfer Xenorhabdusluminescens to a new genus,Photorhabdus gennov[J].InternationalJournal of Systematic Bacteriology,1993,43:249-255.
[8]Glaser R W,Farrell C C.Field experiments with the Japanese bee-tle and its nematode parasites[J].Journal of the New York Ento-mological Society,1935,43:345-371.
[9]路常宽,许志春,贾峰勇,等.小卷蛾斯氏线虫对沙棘木蠹蛾幼虫的室内侵染能力[J].中国生物防治,2004,20(4):280-282.(Lu C K,Xu Z C,Jia F Y,et al.Laboratory virulence and infectivi-ty of Steinernema carpocapsae to Holcocerus hippophaecolus[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2004,20(4):280-282.)
[10]刘奇志,王玉柱,咚付泉,等.昆虫病原线虫防治桃红颈天牛施用技术的研究[J].中国农业大学学报,1998,3(l):17-21.(LiuQ Z,Wang Y Z,Dong F Q,et al.Study on the applying techniquesof Steinernema nematodes against RNL[J].Journal of China Agri-cultural University,1998,3(l):17-21.)
[11]李晓巍,梅树林,武鸿燕,等.昆虫病原线虫防治甜菜地蛴螬的初步研究[J].植物保护,1995,21(4):14-15,21.(Li X W,MeiS L,Wu H Y,et al.On the application of an entomogenous nema-tode against larger black cockchafer in beet fields[J].Plant Pro-tection,1995,21(4):14-15,21.)
[12]杨秀芬,简恒,杨怀文,等.用昆虫病原线虫防治韭菜蛆[J].植物保护学报,2004,31(1):33-37.(Yang X F,Jian H,Yang HW,et al.Using entomopathogenic nemotodes for control of chivemaggot,Bradysia odoriphaga[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2004,31(1):33-37.)
[13]罗启浩,谭常青,陈志凌,等.昆虫病原线虫防治拟木蠹蛾和天牛幼虫的研究[J].华南农业大学学报,1997,18(1):25-30.(Luo Q H,Tan C Q,Chen Z L,et al.A study on biological controlof litchiparae-stem borer(Metar belidae)and longicorn beetle(Cer-ambycidae)by nemotodes[J].Journal of South China AgriculturalUniversity,1997,18(1):25-30.)
[14]钱秀娟,许艳丽,Wang Y,等.昆虫病原线虫对大豆地下害虫东北大黑鳃金龟幼虫的致病力研究[J].大豆科学,2005,24(3):224-228.(Qian X J,Xu Y L,Wang Y,et al.Infectivity of ento-mopathogenic nematode to soybean soil pest Holtrichia oblita fal-dermann[J].Soybean Science,2005,24(3):224-228.
[15]许艳丽,钱秀娟,李春杰.昆虫病原线虫对东北大黑鳃金龟防治效果研究[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2008,24(1):106-109.(Xu Y L,Qian X J,Li C J,et al.Biocontrol efficacy of ento-mopathogenic nematode Heterorhabdilis bacteriophora-NJ againstlarvae of Holotrichia diomphalia Bates[J].System Sciences andComprehensive Studies in Agriculture,2008,24(1):106-109.)
[16]Gaugler R.Entomopathogenic nematology[M].New York:CABIPublishing,2002.
[17]李春杰,许艳丽,刘长仲,等.大豆地下害虫生物生态控制[J].大豆通报,2006(6):20-23.(Li C J,Xu Y L,Liu C Z,et al.Strat-egies of biological and ecological control for the soil-born pests insoybean[J].Soybean Bulletin,2006(6):20-23.)
[18]夏英三.地老虎生物学及防治措施[J].植物医生,1998(6):6-7.(Xia Y S.Biological character and control of cutworm[J].PlantDoctor,1998(6):6-7.)
[19]李春杰,许艳丽,王义,等.不同培养方法对昆虫病原线虫质量影响及其评价[J].植物保护,2007,33(5):88-92.(Li C J,XuY L,Wang Y,et al.Evaluation of the effects of dif fervent methodson the quality of entomopathogenic nematodes[J].Plant Protec-tion,2007,33(5):88-92.)
[20]李春杰,许艳丽.一种用于寒区嗜菌异小杆昆虫病原线虫冷冻储存方法[P].中国专利:200910071751.1,2012-12-11.(Li CJ,Xu Y L.A crypreserved method for entomopathogenic nematodes(Heterorhabditis bacteriophora)[P].China:200910071751.1,2012-12-11.)
[21]李春杰,谭国忠,许艳丽,等.黑龙江省昆虫病原线虫资源和越冬情况调查初报[J].植物保护,2011,37(2):120-123;(Li CJ,Tan G Z,Xu Y L,et al.Occurrence of entomopathogenic nema-todes resources and overwintering conditions in Heilongjiang prov-ince[J]Plant Protection,2011,37(2):120-123.)
[22]王丽芳,许艳丽,李春杰.昆虫病原线虫耐寒性研究进展[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2011,27(4):490-494.(Wang L F,Xu Y L,Li C J.The research of entomopathogenic nematode coldtolerance[J].System Sciences and Comprehensive Studies in Agri-culture,2011,27(4):490-494.)
[23]王果红,韩日畴,陈镜华,等.利用昆虫病原线虫与化学农药混用防治褐纹甘蔗象[J].中国生物防治,2007,23(3):218-222.(Wang G H,Han R C,Chen J H,et al.Combined efficacy of ento-mopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae all and pesticideagainst Rhabdoscelus lineaticollis(Heller)[J].Chinese Journal ofBiological Control,2007,23(3):218-222.)
[24]谢钦铭,张选辉.昆虫病原线虫在害虫防治中应用的研究进展[J].江西科学,2002,20(4):226-231.(Xie Q M,Zhang X H.Recent research progresses of entomopathogenous nematodes on in-sect pest control[J].Jiangxi Science,2002,20(4):226-231.)
[25]张中润,曹莉,韩日畴,等.昆虫病原线虫Steinernema longicau-dumX-7增效药剂的筛选[J].昆虫知识,2006,43(1):68-73.(Zhang Z R,Cao L,Han R C,et al.Screening of insecticides assynergists for entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema longicau-dum X-7[J].Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,2006,43(1):68-73.)