卵孢白僵菌及添加杀虫助剂对两种地老虎的生物活性测定
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摘要
【目的】确定卵孢白僵菌Beauveria brongniartii菌株NEAU30503对八字地老虎Xestia c-nigrum(Linnaeus)和小地老虎Agrotis ypsilon(Rottemberg)的杀虫活性。【方法】采用浸叶法测定NEAU30503对地老虎低龄幼虫的生物活性,土壤处理法测定对高龄幼虫的杀虫活性。【结果】NEAU30503对5日龄八字地老虎幼虫第15天毒力回归方程为y=0.6568x-0.1636(r=0.9846),其LC_(50)、LC_(80)分别为7.28×10~7孢子/m L、139.14×10~7孢子/m L;对5龄八字地老虎幼虫毒力回归方程为y=1.0929x-3.2893(r=0.9801),其LC_(50)、LC_(80)分别为3.85×10~7孢子/L、22.65×10~7孢子/L。未死幼虫化蛹后仍有部分蛹死于白僵菌感染,并能明显降低成虫羽化率。白僵菌与Bt、茶皂素、以及亚致死剂量的高效氯氢菊酯和阿维菌素混用能明显提高其杀虫活性和杀虫速度。【结论】NEAU30503对地老虎具有较高的杀虫活性,土壤处理防治高龄幼虫效果好,喷雾处理防治低龄幼虫加入少量的高效氯氢菊酯或茶皂素效果明显。本研究为开展白僵菌田间防治地老虎提供了科学依据。
[Objectives] To determine the toxicity of the Beauveria brongniartii strain NEAU30503 to larvae of the spotted and black cutworm. [Methods] The leaf dipping method was used to determine the toxicity of NEAU30503 to young cutworm larvae and the soil treatment method to determine its toxicity to older instar larvae. [Results] The toxicity of NEAU30503 to 5-day-old larvae of spotted cutworm at day 15 post infection can be expressed by the regression equation y=0.6568x-0.1636(r=0.9846). The LC_(50) and LC_(80 )were 7.28×10~7 conidia/m L and 139.14×10~7 conidia/m L, respectively. The toxicity of NEAU30503 to 5th instar spotted cutworm larvae can be expressed by the regression equation y=1.0929x-3.2893(r=0.9801), with LC_(50) and LC_(80 )of 3.85×10~7 conidia/L and 22.65×10~7 conidia/L, respectively. NEAU30503 was lethal to cutworm pupae, and clearly decreased the eclosion rate of cutworms. When NEAU30503 was mixed with tea saponin, the sublethal dose of beta-cypermethrin and abamectin could significantly increase the toxicity to black cutworms. [Conclusion] The NEAU30503 strain was the most toxic to cutworms. NEAU30503 was more toxic to older instar larvae when delivered via the soil. When sprayed, a mixture of NEAU305035 with a sublethal dose of beta-cypermethrin or tea saponin had a significant effect on young cutworm larvae. This study provides a scientific basis for using Beauveria sp. to controll cutworms in the field.
[Objectives] To determine the toxicity of the Beauveria brongniartii strain NEAU30503 to larvae of the spotted and black cutworm. [Methods] The leaf dipping method was used to determine the toxicity of NEAU30503 to young cutworm larvae and the soil treatment method to determine its toxicity to older instar larvae. [Results] The toxicity of NEAU30503 to 5-day-old larvae of spotted cutworm at day 15 post infection can be expressed by the regression equation y=0.6568x-0.1636(r=0.9846). The LC_(50) and LC_(80 )were 7.28×10~7 conidia/m L and 139.14×10~7 conidia/m L, respectively. The toxicity of NEAU30503 to 5th instar spotted cutworm larvae can be expressed by the regression equation y=1.0929x-3.2893(r=0.9801), with LC_(50) and LC_(80 )of 3.85×10~7 conidia/L and 22.65×10~7 conidia/L, respectively. NEAU30503 was lethal to cutworm pupae, and clearly decreased the eclosion rate of cutworms. When NEAU30503 was mixed with tea saponin, the sublethal dose of beta-cypermethrin and abamectin could significantly increase the toxicity to black cutworms. [Conclusion] The NEAU30503 strain was the most toxic to cutworms. NEAU30503 was more toxic to older instar larvae when delivered via the soil. When sprayed, a mixture of NEAU305035 with a sublethal dose of beta-cypermethrin or tea saponin had a significant effect on young cutworm larvae. This study provides a scientific basis for using Beauveria sp. to controll cutworms in the field.
引文
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Faria M,Wraight SP,2001.Biological control of Bemisia tabaci with fungi.Crop Protection,20(9):767-778.
Gao C,Lang ZH,Zhu L,Song FP,Zhang YJ,Zhang J,Huang DF,2012.Insecticidal effect of transgenic tobacco harboring cry2Ab4or vip3Aa11 gene on Agrotis ypsilon.Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,14(5):42-48.[高川,郎志宏,朱莉,宋福平,张永军,张杰,黄大昉.2012.转cry2Ab4和vip3Aa11基因烟草对小地老虎杀虫效果研究.中国农业科技导报,14(5):42-48.]
Gosselin ME,Belair G,Simard L,Brodeur J,2009.Toxicity of spinosad and Beauveria bassiana to the black cutworm,and the additivity of sublethal doses.Biocontrol Science and Technology,19(2):201-217.
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Li HX,Yu HC,Xi XJ,2009.Isolation and identification of a strain of Beauveria sp.and its biological activity to Colaphellus bowringi.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,46(5):744-748.[李红霞,于洪春,席贤举,2009.一株白僵菌菌株的分离鉴定及对大猿叶虫的生物活性测定.昆虫知识,46(5):744-748.]
Liu XL,Wang PX,Shu CL,Wang XL,Hao ZB,Zhang YJ,Song FP,2012.Toxicity evaluation of four Bacillus thuringiensis strains against Agrotis ypsilon.Chinese Journal of Biological Control,28(2):198-204.[刘晓垒,王品舒,束长龙,王秀丽,郝再彬,张永军,宋福平.2012.四株对小地老虎有活性的苏云金芽胞杆菌的毒力评价.中国生物防治学报,28(2):198-204.]
Lu Q,Zhang YJ,Yu HC,Cao GC,Lu YH,Guo YY,2009.Insecticidal activity of Cry2Ab proteins to Agrotis ypsilon(Rottemberg)and induced protease activities changes in the larvae.Journal of Plant Protection,36(1):16-20.[陆琼,张永军,于洪春,曹广春,陆宴辉,郭予元,2009.Cry2Ab杀虫蛋白对小地老虎幼虫致死效果及体内酶活性的影响.植物保护学报,36(1):16-20.]
Ma XM,Liu XX,Ning X,Zhang B,Han F,Guan XM,Tan YF,Zhang QW,2008.Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac and Beauveria bassiana on Asiatic corn borer(Lepidoptera:Crambidae).Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,99:123-128.
Song LT,Yu HC,Wang YW,Zhang XL,Xu GQ,2013.Study on control of bettle larvae by mixture of pesticides with Beauveria brongniartii.Northern Horticulture,280(1):131-134.[宋龙腾,于洪春,王雨薇,张鑫琳,许国庆,2013.卵孢白僵菌与农药混用对蛴螬防治效果研究.北方园艺,280(1):131-134.]
Wei HJ,Zhang ZL,Wang YC,1989.China Underground Pest.Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers.35.[魏鸿钧,张治良,王荫长.1989.中国地下害虫.上海:上海科学技术出版社.35.]
Wu JX,2013.Agricultural Entomology.Beijing:China Agriculture Press.62-64.[仵均祥,2013.农业昆虫学.北京:中国农业出版社.62-64.]
Wu SY,Gao YL,Xu XN,Mark SG,Lei ZR,2015.Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana with Neoseiulus barkeri for Control of Frankliniella occidentalis.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,14(1):98-105.
Xiang YY,Yang MF,2008.Study on the occurrence,damage and control techniques of black cutworm in China.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,36(33):14636-14639.[向玉勇,杨茂发,2008.小地老虎在我国的发生危害及防治技术研究.安徽农业科学,36(33):14636-14639.]
Yu HC,Wang YW,Song LT,Deng JJ,Xu GQ,2013.Virulence screening of Bacillus thuringiensis strains on Xestia c-nigrum.Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,44(10):128-133.[于洪春,王雨薇,宋龙腾,邓佳佳,许国庆,2013.八字地老虎高毒力苏云金杆菌菌株的筛选.东北农业大学学报,44(10):128-133.]
Yu WL,Du JH,Hu YP,Shen RP,Mu W,2012.Toxicity of six insecticides to black cutworm Agrotis ypsilon(Rottemberg)and safety evaluation to oil organisms.Journal of Plant Protection,39(3):277-282.[于伟丽,杜军辉,胡延萍,申瑞平,慕卫.2012.六种杀虫剂对小地老虎的毒力及对土壤生物安全性评价.植物保护学报,39(3):277-282.]
Zhang Z,Xie SX,Zhang YH,Wang ZM,Xie AT,Mu CQ,2015.Monitoring the population dynamics and generations of Xestia c-nigrum(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)in Shunyi,Beijing.Plant Protection,41(1):147-149.[张智,解书香,张云慧,王泽民,谢爱婷,穆常青,2015.北京顺义区八字地老虎的种群监测与发生世代分析.植物保护,41(1):147-149.]
Delgado FX,Britton JH,Onsager JA,Swearingen W,1999.Field assessment of Beauveria bassiana(Balsamo)Vuillemin and potential synergism with diflubenzuron for control of savanna grasshopper complex(Orthoptera)in Mali.Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,73(1):34-39.
Faria M,Wraight SP,2001.Biological control of Bemisia tabaci with fungi.Crop Protection,20(9):767-778.
Gao C,Lang ZH,Zhu L,Song FP,Zhang YJ,Zhang J,Huang DF,2012.Insecticidal effect of transgenic tobacco harboring cry2Ab4or vip3Aa11 gene on Agrotis ypsilon.Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,14(5):42-48.[高川,郎志宏,朱莉,宋福平,张永军,张杰,黄大昉.2012.转cry2Ab4和vip3Aa11基因烟草对小地老虎杀虫效果研究.中国农业科技导报,14(5):42-48.]
Gosselin ME,Belair G,Simard L,Brodeur J,2009.Toxicity of spinosad and Beauveria bassiana to the black cutworm,and the additivity of sublethal doses.Biocontrol Science and Technology,19(2):201-217.
Han ZJ,1986.Toxicological responses and resistances of the black cutworm,Agrotis ypsilon Rottemberg,to several groups of insecticides.Journal of Plant Protection,13(2):125-130.[韩召军,1986.小地老虎对几类杀虫剂的毒力反应及其抗药性变化.植物保护学报,13(2):125-130.]
Irigaray SDC,Marco-Mancebón V,Pérez-Moreno I,2003.The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and its compatibility with triflumuron:effects on the twospotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae.Biological Control,26(2):168-173.
Li HX,Yu HC,Xi XJ,2009.Isolation and identification of a strain of Beauveria sp.and its biological activity to Colaphellus bowringi.Chinese Bulletin of Entomology,46(5):744-748.[李红霞,于洪春,席贤举,2009.一株白僵菌菌株的分离鉴定及对大猿叶虫的生物活性测定.昆虫知识,46(5):744-748.]
Liu XL,Wang PX,Shu CL,Wang XL,Hao ZB,Zhang YJ,Song FP,2012.Toxicity evaluation of four Bacillus thuringiensis strains against Agrotis ypsilon.Chinese Journal of Biological Control,28(2):198-204.[刘晓垒,王品舒,束长龙,王秀丽,郝再彬,张永军,宋福平.2012.四株对小地老虎有活性的苏云金芽胞杆菌的毒力评价.中国生物防治学报,28(2):198-204.]
Lu Q,Zhang YJ,Yu HC,Cao GC,Lu YH,Guo YY,2009.Insecticidal activity of Cry2Ab proteins to Agrotis ypsilon(Rottemberg)and induced protease activities changes in the larvae.Journal of Plant Protection,36(1):16-20.[陆琼,张永军,于洪春,曹广春,陆宴辉,郭予元,2009.Cry2Ab杀虫蛋白对小地老虎幼虫致死效果及体内酶活性的影响.植物保护学报,36(1):16-20.]
Ma XM,Liu XX,Ning X,Zhang B,Han F,Guan XM,Tan YF,Zhang QW,2008.Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Ac and Beauveria bassiana on Asiatic corn borer(Lepidoptera:Crambidae).Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,99:123-128.
Song LT,Yu HC,Wang YW,Zhang XL,Xu GQ,2013.Study on control of bettle larvae by mixture of pesticides with Beauveria brongniartii.Northern Horticulture,280(1):131-134.[宋龙腾,于洪春,王雨薇,张鑫琳,许国庆,2013.卵孢白僵菌与农药混用对蛴螬防治效果研究.北方园艺,280(1):131-134.]
Wei HJ,Zhang ZL,Wang YC,1989.China Underground Pest.Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers.35.[魏鸿钧,张治良,王荫长.1989.中国地下害虫.上海:上海科学技术出版社.35.]
Wu JX,2013.Agricultural Entomology.Beijing:China Agriculture Press.62-64.[仵均祥,2013.农业昆虫学.北京:中国农业出版社.62-64.]
Wu SY,Gao YL,Xu XN,Mark SG,Lei ZR,2015.Compatibility of Beauveria bassiana with Neoseiulus barkeri for Control of Frankliniella occidentalis.Journal of Integrative Agriculture,14(1):98-105.
Xiang YY,Yang MF,2008.Study on the occurrence,damage and control techniques of black cutworm in China.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,36(33):14636-14639.[向玉勇,杨茂发,2008.小地老虎在我国的发生危害及防治技术研究.安徽农业科学,36(33):14636-14639.]
Yu HC,Wang YW,Song LT,Deng JJ,Xu GQ,2013.Virulence screening of Bacillus thuringiensis strains on Xestia c-nigrum.Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,44(10):128-133.[于洪春,王雨薇,宋龙腾,邓佳佳,许国庆,2013.八字地老虎高毒力苏云金杆菌菌株的筛选.东北农业大学学报,44(10):128-133.]
Yu WL,Du JH,Hu YP,Shen RP,Mu W,2012.Toxicity of six insecticides to black cutworm Agrotis ypsilon(Rottemberg)and safety evaluation to oil organisms.Journal of Plant Protection,39(3):277-282.[于伟丽,杜军辉,胡延萍,申瑞平,慕卫.2012.六种杀虫剂对小地老虎的毒力及对土壤生物安全性评价.植物保护学报,39(3):277-282.]
Zhang Z,Xie SX,Zhang YH,Wang ZM,Xie AT,Mu CQ,2015.Monitoring the population dynamics and generations of Xestia c-nigrum(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)in Shunyi,Beijing.Plant Protection,41(1):147-149.[张智,解书香,张云慧,王泽民,谢爱婷,穆常青,2015.北京顺义区八字地老虎的种群监测与发生世代分析.植物保护,41(1):147-149.]