石河子地区蛾类群落的分布特征
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摘要
为了认识石河子地区蛾类群落多样性特征和蛾类物种在不同季节发生动态,为该地区农林业生产中蛾类物种的鉴定和发生规律调查提供科学依据,本研究于2014年4-10月在石河子地区对蛾类定点灯光诱集,进行分类鉴定,并进行多样性指数(H)、均匀度(J)、丰富度(D)、优势度(d)分析,结果表明:(1)石河子地区诱集到的蛾类共计6科,1399头,76种;物种数量7月最高,个体数量8月最高。(2)4月三叶草夜蛾、杨梦尼夜蛾等以蛹越冬的物种开始出蛰,杨梦尼夜蛾为4月的优势种;5月三叶草夜蛾、黄地老虎、八字地老虎、迹歧夜蛾等多化性的昆虫陆续羽化,种类和数量逐渐增加;6月白线青尺蛾、穗逸夜蛾、同纹夜蛾、甘薯天蛾、朽木夜蛾等陆续出现,但优势不甚明显;7月蛾类的种类到达最大值,种间竞争激烈;8月大部分物种已基本完成了一年的世代的生长,而黄地老虎、三叶草夜蛾、棉铃虫等发育历期较长的昆虫开始大量爆发;9-10月大部分物种陆续进入越冬虫态,仅白点美冬夜蛾、内夜蛾等少数以卵越冬的物种能见到成虫。本研究结果表明:石河子地区蛾类物种年发生动态趋势明显,整体物种和个体数量以夏季最高,以多化性种类为主;春季和秋季种类和个体数量极少,且以一化性种类为主,春季以蛹越冬的种类为主,而秋季以卵越冬的种类为主。
In order to explore the diversities and seasonal dynamics conditon in Shihezi area, for providing scientific basis for the identification and investigation of the moth species in agroforestry production in this area. The moths were identified and classified by light trapping from April to October 2014. The diversity index(H'), evenness(J'), specific richness(S), richness(D), and dominance were analyzed; the local dominant species, abundant species and common species were selected. Corresponding analysis and the hierarchical cluster analysis were carried out. The results were as follows:(1) A total of 1399 moth species belonging to 6 families were collected from Shihezi. The species number reached the maximum on July and individual number maximum at August. The population dynamics of moth was affected largely by temperature, temperature and light are the major factors of insect voltism.(2) In April, Discestra trifolii and Orthosia incerta, which over-wintered as pupae began to emerge from chrysalides under the ground. Orthosia incerta was the dominant species in April. In May, some polyvoltine insect as Discestra trifolii, Agrotis segetum, Xestia c-nigrum and Discestra stigmosa was emergence gradually, and the species and number of moth increased gradually. In June, Hemistola veneta, Caradrina clavipalpis, Pericyma albidentaria, Agrius convolvuli, and Axylia putris had appeared in succession, but the dominant species was not very obvious. The species number of moth reached the maximum value in July, with an intensely interspecific competition. Most species had essentially completed the yearly growth of generation in August. The insect had longer developmental duration, such as Agrotis segetum, Discestra trifolii and Helicoverpa armigera, since their had less of competitive pressure, led to a outbreak of a large number. In September and October, most species cocoon and over-wintered as pupae or mature larva. Only a minority of species who overwinters in the egg stage such as Xanthia ocellaris and Rhizedra lutosa, still continued activity and mating at this time. We conclude as follows: the seasonal dynamic trend of moths in shihezi area is obvious; the total number of species and individuals is highest in summer, most of them are multi-generation one year; the number of species and individuals are very few, and one generation a year; those over winter by pupae occurred in srping, while those occurred in Autumn by eggs.
In order to explore the diversities and seasonal dynamics conditon in Shihezi area, for providing scientific basis for the identification and investigation of the moth species in agroforestry production in this area. The moths were identified and classified by light trapping from April to October 2014. The diversity index(H'), evenness(J'), specific richness(S), richness(D), and dominance were analyzed; the local dominant species, abundant species and common species were selected. Corresponding analysis and the hierarchical cluster analysis were carried out. The results were as follows:(1) A total of 1399 moth species belonging to 6 families were collected from Shihezi. The species number reached the maximum on July and individual number maximum at August. The population dynamics of moth was affected largely by temperature, temperature and light are the major factors of insect voltism.(2) In April, Discestra trifolii and Orthosia incerta, which over-wintered as pupae began to emerge from chrysalides under the ground. Orthosia incerta was the dominant species in April. In May, some polyvoltine insect as Discestra trifolii, Agrotis segetum, Xestia c-nigrum and Discestra stigmosa was emergence gradually, and the species and number of moth increased gradually. In June, Hemistola veneta, Caradrina clavipalpis, Pericyma albidentaria, Agrius convolvuli, and Axylia putris had appeared in succession, but the dominant species was not very obvious. The species number of moth reached the maximum value in July, with an intensely interspecific competition. Most species had essentially completed the yearly growth of generation in August. The insect had longer developmental duration, such as Agrotis segetum, Discestra trifolii and Helicoverpa armigera, since their had less of competitive pressure, led to a outbreak of a large number. In September and October, most species cocoon and over-wintered as pupae or mature larva. Only a minority of species who overwinters in the egg stage such as Xanthia ocellaris and Rhizedra lutosa, still continued activity and mating at this time. We conclude as follows: the seasonal dynamic trend of moths in shihezi area is obvious; the total number of species and individuals is highest in summer, most of them are multi-generation one year; the number of species and individuals are very few, and one generation a year; those over winter by pupae occurred in srping, while those occurred in Autumn by eggs.
引文
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[11]刘仁权.SPSS统计分析教程[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2016:13-194.
[12]田奥.新疆蛾类区系及物种多样性研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2015.
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[15]尤平,李后魂,王淑霞,等.天津七里海湿地蛾类多样性[J].昆虫学报,2003,46(5):617-621.You P,Li H H,Wang S X,et al.Diversity of the moth community in the Qilihai wetland,Tianjin[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2003,46(5):617-621.
[16]蔡志平,张栋海,李克福,等.新疆小海子垦区果棉间作田黄地老虎、警纹地老虎和八字地老虎成虫种群动态[J].中国棉花,2012(3):22-24.Cai Z P,Zhang D H,Li K F,et al.Analysis on Population Dynamics of Agrotis Segetum(Schiffermiiller),Agrotis exclamationis Linnaeus and Xestia c-nigrum Linnaeus in Xiaohaizi Reclamation Area,Xinjiang[J].China Cotton,2012(3):22-24.
[17]陈婧,罗树凯,刘蓉等.新疆南部阿拉尔垦区棉田黄地老虎成虫种群动态分析[J].中国棉花,2013,40(04):28-30.Chen J,Luo S K,Liu R,et al.Analysis on Population Dynamics of Agrotis segetumin Alaer Reclamation Area,Southern Xinjiang[J].China Cotton,2013,40(04):28-30.
[18]杨向东,董建臻,李瑞军,等.冀西北坝上地区灯下蛾类群落结构特征[J].生态学报,2010,30(15):4234-4240.Yang X D,Dong J Z,Li R J,et al.Characteristics of community structure of moth under light-trap in Northwestern Bashang Plateau of Hebei Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(15):4234-4240.
[19]孟庆繁,高文涛,刘生冬.长白山北坡针叶林带蛾类多样性[J].东北林业大学学报2008,36(3):36(3):60-62.Meng Q F,Gao W T,Liu S D.Moht Diversity in Coniferous Forest zone on the Northern Slope of Changbai Mountain[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2008,36(3):60-62.
[20]Downer,R.A,E.Timothy A.Macrolepidoptera biodiversity in woster,Ohio from 2001 through 2009[J].Zookeys,2014,452:79-105.
[21]夏德萍,刘兆海,吕昭智,等.新疆北疆地区三叶草夜蛾种群动态研究[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(2):278-282.Xia D P,Liu Z H,LV Z Z,et al.Population Dynamics of Clover Cutworm Scotogramma trifolii(Rottemberg)in Northern Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2015,52(2):278-282
[22]徐养诚.不同农业景观对旋幽夜蛾和草蛉种群的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2013.
[23]吕昭智,王珮玲,张秋红,等.黄地老虎种群动态与积雪的关系[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(12):1532-1534.LV Z Z,Wang P L,Zhang Q H,et al.Relationships between overwintering Agrotis segetum population and snow[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2006,25(12):1532-1534.
[2]Loreau M,de Mazancourt C.Biodiversity and ecosystem stability:a synthesis of underlying mechanisms[J].Ecology Letters,2013,16(S1):106-115.
[3]Martay M,Brereton S.An indicator highlights seasonal variation in the response of Lepidoptera communities to warming[J].Ecological Indicators,2016(68):126-133.
[4]王鑫,陈刘生,张鑫,等.阿克苏地区中部夏季农田蛾类昆虫多样性研究[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(4):648-654.Wang X,Chen L S,Zhang X,et al.Study on the Diversity of Moths Communities in Central Aksu Area Farmland in the Summer Time[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2013,50(4):648-654.
[5]张鑫,胡红英,吕昭智.新疆东部天山蝶类多样性及其垂直分布[J].生态学报,2013,33(17):5329-5338.Zhang X,Hu H Y,LüZ Z.Butterfly diversity and vertical distribution in eastern Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(17):5329-5338.
[6]黄人鑫,孙庆文.新疆天山西部的蝶类及其垂直分布[J].新疆大学学报(自然科学版),1983:93-96.Huang R X,Sun Q W.Rutterflies of west part of Tianshan from Xinjiang and their vertical distribution[J].Journal of Xinjiang University:Natural Science,1983:93-96.
[7]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法Iα多样性的测度方法(上)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(3):162-168.Ma K P.A method for measuring diversity of biological communities(Measurement methods of Iαdiversity I)[J].Chinese Biodiversity,1994,2(3):162-168.
[8]顾伟,马玲,丁新华,等.扎龙湿地不同生境的昆虫多样性[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(9):2405-2412.Gu W,Ma L,Ding X H,et al.Insect diversity of different habitat types in Zhalong Wetland,Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(9):2405-2412.
[9]贺奇,王新谱,杨贵军.宁夏盐池荒漠草原步甲物种多样性[J].生态学报,2011,31(4):0923-0932.He Q,Wang X P,Yang G J.Species diversity of carabid beetles in desert-steppe in Yanchi of Ningxia,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(4):0923-0932.
[10]Hammer,Harper D.A.T,Ryan P.D.past:paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis[J].Palaeontologia Electronica,2001,1-9.
[11]刘仁权.SPSS统计分析教程[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2016:13-194.
[12]田奥.新疆蛾类区系及物种多样性研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2015.
[13]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法Iα多样性的测度方法(上)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(3):162-168.Ma K P.A method for measuring diversity of biological communities(Measurement methods of Iαdiversity I)[J].Chinese Biodiversity,1994,2(3):162-168.
[14]顾伟,马玲,丁新华,等.扎龙湿地不同生境的昆虫多样性[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(9):2405-2412.Gu W,Ma L,Ding X H,et al.Insect diversity of different habitat types in Zhalong Wetland,Northeast China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(9):2405-2412.
[15]尤平,李后魂,王淑霞,等.天津七里海湿地蛾类多样性[J].昆虫学报,2003,46(5):617-621.You P,Li H H,Wang S X,et al.Diversity of the moth community in the Qilihai wetland,Tianjin[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2003,46(5):617-621.
[16]蔡志平,张栋海,李克福,等.新疆小海子垦区果棉间作田黄地老虎、警纹地老虎和八字地老虎成虫种群动态[J].中国棉花,2012(3):22-24.Cai Z P,Zhang D H,Li K F,et al.Analysis on Population Dynamics of Agrotis Segetum(Schiffermiiller),Agrotis exclamationis Linnaeus and Xestia c-nigrum Linnaeus in Xiaohaizi Reclamation Area,Xinjiang[J].China Cotton,2012(3):22-24.
[17]陈婧,罗树凯,刘蓉等.新疆南部阿拉尔垦区棉田黄地老虎成虫种群动态分析[J].中国棉花,2013,40(04):28-30.Chen J,Luo S K,Liu R,et al.Analysis on Population Dynamics of Agrotis segetumin Alaer Reclamation Area,Southern Xinjiang[J].China Cotton,2013,40(04):28-30.
[18]杨向东,董建臻,李瑞军,等.冀西北坝上地区灯下蛾类群落结构特征[J].生态学报,2010,30(15):4234-4240.Yang X D,Dong J Z,Li R J,et al.Characteristics of community structure of moth under light-trap in Northwestern Bashang Plateau of Hebei Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(15):4234-4240.
[19]孟庆繁,高文涛,刘生冬.长白山北坡针叶林带蛾类多样性[J].东北林业大学学报2008,36(3):36(3):60-62.Meng Q F,Gao W T,Liu S D.Moht Diversity in Coniferous Forest zone on the Northern Slope of Changbai Mountain[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2008,36(3):60-62.
[20]Downer,R.A,E.Timothy A.Macrolepidoptera biodiversity in woster,Ohio from 2001 through 2009[J].Zookeys,2014,452:79-105.
[21]夏德萍,刘兆海,吕昭智,等.新疆北疆地区三叶草夜蛾种群动态研究[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(2):278-282.Xia D P,Liu Z H,LV Z Z,et al.Population Dynamics of Clover Cutworm Scotogramma trifolii(Rottemberg)in Northern Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2015,52(2):278-282
[22]徐养诚.不同农业景观对旋幽夜蛾和草蛉种群的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2013.
[23]吕昭智,王珮玲,张秋红,等.黄地老虎种群动态与积雪的关系[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(12):1532-1534.LV Z Z,Wang P L,Zhang Q H,et al.Relationships between overwintering Agrotis segetum population and snow[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2006,25(12):1532-1534.