八股文选本类型考析
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摘要
学界至今缺乏对八股文选本的专门研究,甚至连八股文选本的分类这一基本问题尚未厘清。自明末清初以来,学界对八股文选本普遍采用"四分法"。此法影响深远,几乎成了不刊之论,至今还在袭用,但出现了以偏概全、含糊不清等问题。按照所选八股文的来源与作者的身份,可以将八股文选本分为程墨、房稿、行卷、社稿、硃卷、窗稿、名稿与乡会试录八类;按题目的出处可以分为四书文、五经文、混合型(此外还有一类独特的游戏文选本);按题目的形态可以分为大题、小题、大小题混合型三类。
Scholars haven't done specialized research on the stereotyped writing anthologies,even the stereotyped writing anthology classification and some basic problems have not been clarified. Since the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,scholars have generally applied "Quartering On Stereotyped Writing Anthologies". This method has far-reaching influences and has almost become an unalterable statement which we still follow today,but there are problems,such as overgeneralization,vagueness,etc. According to the sources of the anthologies and the identities of the authors,the Eight-part Essay Anthologies can be divided into Cheng Mo,Fang Gao,Xingjuan,She Gao,Zhujuan,Chuang Gao and the Essays in the Provincial or imperial Examinations. According to the sources of the titles of the anthologies,they can be divided into the Four Books Essays,the Five Classics Essays,the Mixed Essays(Besides,a unique class: the Game Essays); According to the forms of the titles,they can be divided into Large Size,Small Size and Mixed Size.
Scholars haven't done specialized research on the stereotyped writing anthologies,even the stereotyped writing anthology classification and some basic problems have not been clarified. Since the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,scholars have generally applied "Quartering On Stereotyped Writing Anthologies". This method has far-reaching influences and has almost become an unalterable statement which we still follow today,but there are problems,such as overgeneralization,vagueness,etc. According to the sources of the anthologies and the identities of the authors,the Eight-part Essay Anthologies can be divided into Cheng Mo,Fang Gao,Xingjuan,She Gao,Zhujuan,Chuang Gao and the Essays in the Provincial or imperial Examinations. According to the sources of the titles of the anthologies,they can be divided into the Four Books Essays,the Five Classics Essays,the Mixed Essays(Besides,a unique class: the Game Essays); According to the forms of the titles,they can be divided into Large Size,Small Size and Mixed Size.
引文
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[2]梁章钜.制义丛话[M].上海:上海书店,2001:7,51.
[3]顾炎武.日知录[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2006:1246-1247.
[4]李诩.戒庵老人漫笔[M].北京:中华书局,1982:334.
[5]刘海峰.科举文献与“科举学”[J].台大历史学报,2003(32):284;刘海峰.科举学导论·科举文献论[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2005:352;刘海峰.再论科举文献与“科举学”[J].厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2011(3):64.
[6]顾颉刚.当代中国史学[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2004:115-116.
[7]吴敬梓.儒林外史[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1958:151,20,204-205.
[8]西冷散人.熙朝快史[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社,1998:460.
[9]藤谷古香.轰天雷[M].北京:文化艺术出版社,1998:1861.
[10]沈德符.万历野获编[M].北京:中华书局,1980:416.
[11]毛奇龄.西河集[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005:125.
[12]阮葵生.茶余客话[M].扬州:广陵古籍刻印社,1983:364.
[13]钱谦益.牧斋初学集[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1985:1821.
[14]叶梦珠.阅世编[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1981:182,183.
[15]曾朴.孽海花[M].济南:齐鲁书社,1998:11.
[16]白云道人.赛花铃[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1994:214.
[17]蒲松龄.聊斋志异[M].北京:人民文学出版社,1989:150.
[18]刘熙载.艺概[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1978:173,173.
[19]茅坤.茅鹿门先生文集[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2002:151.
[20]李渔.闲情偶寄[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2000:84.
[21]赵尔巽,等.清史稿[M].北京:中华书局,1976:3147-3148,3147-3148,3151.
[22]张廷玉,等.明史[M].北京:中华书局,1974:1695.
[23]龚笃清.论《西厢记》曲语题八股文的特征及产生原因[J].中国文学研究,2010(4):5.
[24]尤侗.西堂杂俎[M].上海:大达图书供应社,1935:8.
[25]卢前.八股文小史[M].上海:商务印书馆,1937:18.
[26]戴名世.戴名世集[M].北京:中华书局,1986:89,110.