空气污染对公众健康的空间效应分析
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摘要
文章基于Grossman中国宏观健康生产函数,运用2004—2015年中国公众健康与空气污染等方面的宏观面板数据与空间计量分析技术,综合分析了空气污染对公众健康的影响机理与空间交互效应,结果显示:由于空气污染的广延性和持久性使得公众健康存在显著的空间集聚效,主要分布为华北、华中以及东部沿海地区呈现高高集聚,西北、东北等地呈现低低集聚,区域公众健康呈现趋同效应;空气污染对公众健康的负外部性显著,与不考虑空间相关性的传统计量模型估计结果相比,PM2.5浓度对公众健康的负向效应较高,说明忽视空间自相关性的存在会使得空气污染对公众健康的估计产生偏误;从区域的角度来看,空气污染对公众健康的影响区域差异显著。
Based on the Grossman China health production function,this paper uses Chinese macro data of public health and air pollution from 2004 to 2015 and spatial econometrics technique to comprehensively analyze the spatial agglomeration effect of Chinese public health and the spatial interaction effect of air pollution and other factors on public health. The result shows that the air pollution-extensiveness and persistence causes a significant spatial agglomeration effect of public health, with north, central and eastern coastal areas presenting high-high agglomeration, northwest, northeast and other areas low-low agglomeration, and regional public health a convergence effect; the negative externalities effect of air pollution on public health is significant; compared with the estimation results when spatial dependence is not considered, the negative effect of the concentration of PM2.5 on public health is higher, which implies that the traditional approaches tend to produce errors when the spatial correlation has been ignored;from the regional perspective, regional differences in the impact of air pollution on public health are significant.
Based on the Grossman China health production function,this paper uses Chinese macro data of public health and air pollution from 2004 to 2015 and spatial econometrics technique to comprehensively analyze the spatial agglomeration effect of Chinese public health and the spatial interaction effect of air pollution and other factors on public health. The result shows that the air pollution-extensiveness and persistence causes a significant spatial agglomeration effect of public health, with north, central and eastern coastal areas presenting high-high agglomeration, northwest, northeast and other areas low-low agglomeration, and regional public health a convergence effect; the negative externalities effect of air pollution on public health is significant; compared with the estimation results when spatial dependence is not considered, the negative effect of the concentration of PM2.5 on public health is higher, which implies that the traditional approaches tend to produce errors when the spatial correlation has been ignored;from the regional perspective, regional differences in the impact of air pollution on public health are significant.
引文
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[2]Yi L,Wen W,Kan H D,et al.Air Quality and Outpatient Visits for Asthma in Adults During the 2008 Summer Olympic Games in Beijing[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(5).
[3]Brooks N,Sethi R.The Distribution of Pollution:Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics[J].Journal of Environmental Economics&Management,1997,32(2).
[4]Ebenstein A.The Consequences of Industrialization:Evidence From Water Pollution and Digestive Cancers in China[J].The Review o Economics and Statistics,2012,94(1).
[5]卢洪友,祁毓.环境质量、公共服务与国民健康--基于跨国(地区)数据的分析[J].财经研究,2013,(6).
[6]杨继生,徐娟,吴相俊.经济增长与环境和社会健康成本[J].经济研究,2013,(12).
[7]Tarricone R.Cost-of-Illness Analysis.What Room in Health Economics?[J].Health Policy,2006,77(1).
[8]谢元博,李巍.基于能源--环境情景模拟的北京市大气污染对居民健康风险评价研究[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(6).
[9]Anselin L,Griffith D A.Do Spatial Effecfs Really Matter in Regression Analysis?[J].Papers in Regional Science,1988,65(1).
[10]Grossman M.The Demand for Health:A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation[J].NBER Books,1972.
[11]王俊,昌忠泽.中国宏观健康生产函数:理论与实证[J].南开经济研究,2007,(2).
[12]赵忠.我国农村人口的健康状况及影响因素[J].管理世界,2006,(3).
[13]Elhorst J P.Specification and Estimation of Spatial Panel Data Models[J].International Regional Science Review,2003,26(3).
[14]陈仁杰,陈秉衡,阚海东.我国113个城市大气颗粒物污染的健康经济学评价[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(3).
[15]陈硕,陈婷.空气质量与公共健康:以火电厂二氧化硫排放为例[J].经济研究,2014,(8).
[16]马丽梅,张晓.中国雾霾污染的空间效应及经济、能源结构影响[J].中国工业经济,2014,(4).