参与奠定美国公共学校制度的历史基础——1642年马萨诸塞殖民地教育法研究
|
摘要
1642年马萨诸塞教育法的颁布是一次影响深远的教育立法,是美国公共教育的源头,在美国教育史上有十分重要的地位。1642年教育法的诞生源于殖民地的宗教信仰、社会结构以及居民的故国习俗。该法作为一部教育监管法案,规范了殖民地儿童的教育,要求所有家长教育儿童学习阅读、社会规则、宗教与职业技能,与马萨诸塞死刑法等法律共同力图维护社会秩序与经济繁荣、维系马萨诸塞作为宗教共同体的使命。
The promulgation of the Massachusetts education law in 1642 plays an important role in the history of American education,in particular,public education.The education act of 1642 stems from religious beliefs,social structure,and customs of inhabitants of the colonies.As an education supervision bill,the law guarantees the education of colonial children and requires all parents to teach their children to learn reading,social rules,religious and vocational skills.The education law and Massachusetts capital law help maintain social order and economic prosperity in the religious community.
The promulgation of the Massachusetts education law in 1642 plays an important role in the history of American education,in particular,public education.The education act of 1642 stems from religious beliefs,social structure,and customs of inhabitants of the colonies.As an education supervision bill,the law guarantees the education of colonial children and requires all parents to teach their children to learn reading,social rules,religious and vocational skills.The education law and Massachusetts capital law help maintain social order and economic prosperity in the religious community.
引文
[1][美]埃尔伍德·克伯莱著.美国公共教育[M].陈露茜,译.合肥:安徽教育出版社,2012.
[2][美]亚历山大·里帕著.自由社会中的教育:美国历程[M].於荣,译.合肥:安徽教育出版社,2010.
[3][美]迪安·韦布著.美国教育史[M].陈露茜,李朝阳,译.合肥:安徽教育出版社,2010.
[4]Hart,B.ed.Commonwealth History of Massachusetts,Colony,Province and State[M].States History Company,1928.
[5]Young,A.Chronicles of the first planters of the colony of Massachusetts Bay,1623-1636[M].Boston,C.C.Little and J.Brown,1846.
[6]Anderson,J.New England's generation:the great migration and the formation of society and culture in the seventeenth century[M].Cambridge University Press,1993.
[7]Shurtleff,B.ed.Records of Massachusetts Vol.I 1628-1641[M].The Press of Willam White,1835.
[8]Seybolt,F.The public schools of colonial Boston,1635-1775[M].Arno Press,1969.
[9]Breen,H,Foster S.Moving to the New World:The character of early Massachusetts immigration[J].The William and Mary Quarterly:A Magazine of Early American History,1973:190-222.
[10]Anderson,J.Migrants and Motives:Religion and the Settlement of New England,1630-1640[J].The New England Quarterly,1985,58(3):339-383.
[11][美]大卫·哈克特·费舍尔著.阿尔比恩的种子[M].王剑鹰,译.桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2018.
[12][美]韦恩·厄本,杰宁斯·瓦格纳著.美国教育:一部历史档案[M].周晟,谢爱磊,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2009.
[13]Cressy,D.Literacy and the Social Order:Reading and Writing in Tudor and Stuart England[M].Cambridge University Press,1980.
[14]The laws and liberties of Massachusetts[M].Harvard University Press,1929.
[15]Bremer,J.Puritanism:a very short introduction[M].Oxford University Press,2009.
[16]Harman,D.Keeping up in America[J].The Wilson Quarterly(1976-),1986,10(2):116-131.
[17]Frederick,S.Emanuel Downing[M].Forest City Printing Company,1959.
[18]圣经·箴言(和合本)[EB/OL].http://www.divese hible onlive.com/book/proverbs/12,12:24.
[19]郭先红.资本主义社会的产生与异化---论韦伯与马克思思想的异同[J].安徽行政学院学报,2018(02):24-28.
[20]Morgan,E.S.The Puritan Family[M].Martino Publishing Mansfield Centre,2014.
[21]Beier,L.The Problem of the Poor in Tudor and Early Stuart England[M]//The problem of the poor in Tudor and early Stuart England.Methuen,1983.
[22]Slack,P.The English Poor Law 1531-1782[M].Cambridge University Press,1995.
[23]Waters,J.Family,inheritance,and migration in colonial New England:The evidence from Guilford,Connecticut[J].The William and Mary Quarterly:A Magazine of Early American History and Culture,1982:64-86.
[24]李剑鸣.美囯的奠基时代:1585-1775[M].北京:人民出版社,2001.
[25][美]伯纳德·贝林著.教育与美国社会的形成[M].王晟,章欢,译.合肥:安徽教育出版社,2013.
[26]Calhoun,W.A social history of the American family from colonial times to the present[M].Arthur H.Clark Company,1919.
[27]Ladd,T.Regulating Student Behavior Without Ending Up in Court[J].The Phi Delta Kappan,1973,54(5):304-309.
[28]Cohen,S.Education in the United States-A Documentary History,Volume I[M].New York:Random House,1974.
[29][美]肯尼斯·霍珀,威廉·霍博著.清教徒的礼物[M].丁丹,译.北京:东方出版社,2016.
[30]Records W.Comprising the First and Second Books of Town Proceedings...and the First Book and Supplement of Births Deaths Marriages,Prepared for publication by the Historical Society,Watertown,Mass[J].Press of Fred G.Barker,1894.
[31]Seybolt R F.Apprenticeship&Apprenticeship Education in Colonial New England&New York[M].Teachers college,Columbia university,1917.
[32]Walter J.Apprenticeship Education and Family Structure in Seventeenth Century Massachusetts Bay[D].MA thesis,Bryn Mawr,1971,33-34,42-43,1971.
[33][美]劳伦斯·克雷明著.美国教育史[M].周玉军,苑龙,陈少英,译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002.
[34]Monaghan E J.Literacy instruction and gender in colonial New England[J].American Quarterly,1988,40(1):18-41.
(1)笔者以“1642年教育法”、“1642年马萨诸塞州法令”等关键词在中国知网(www.cnki.net)、维普(http://lib.cqvip.com)、读秀(www.duxiu.com)上进行检索,没有发现相关研究成果。
(2)有资料显示加入教会必须满足三种条件:遵守加尔文派教义、过属灵生活并能够证明自己有转化信仰的经验。参见:费舍尔.阿尔比恩的种子[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2018:31.
(3)有关马萨诸塞各地区教会早期教义,参考:Walker W.ed.The Creeds and Platforms of Congergationalism[M].Charles Scribner’s Sons,1893:93-122,123-131.
(4)有关法律命名参见Altenbaugh,Richard J.Historical dictionary of American Education[M].Greenwood Press,1999:499.
(5)值得注意的是,由于三者在原文中皆为复数形式,依照殖民地时代的家庭结构判断,这里的parents并非指家庭中的父母双方,而是指一个家庭中的男性家长。
(6)有关评价参见https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jennifer_Monaghan。
[2][美]亚历山大·里帕著.自由社会中的教育:美国历程[M].於荣,译.合肥:安徽教育出版社,2010.
[3][美]迪安·韦布著.美国教育史[M].陈露茜,李朝阳,译.合肥:安徽教育出版社,2010.
[4]Hart,B.ed.Commonwealth History of Massachusetts,Colony,Province and State[M].States History Company,1928.
[5]Young,A.Chronicles of the first planters of the colony of Massachusetts Bay,1623-1636[M].Boston,C.C.Little and J.Brown,1846.
[6]Anderson,J.New England's generation:the great migration and the formation of society and culture in the seventeenth century[M].Cambridge University Press,1993.
[7]Shurtleff,B.ed.Records of Massachusetts Vol.I 1628-1641[M].The Press of Willam White,1835.
[8]Seybolt,F.The public schools of colonial Boston,1635-1775[M].Arno Press,1969.
[9]Breen,H,Foster S.Moving to the New World:The character of early Massachusetts immigration[J].The William and Mary Quarterly:A Magazine of Early American History,1973:190-222.
[10]Anderson,J.Migrants and Motives:Religion and the Settlement of New England,1630-1640[J].The New England Quarterly,1985,58(3):339-383.
[11][美]大卫·哈克特·费舍尔著.阿尔比恩的种子[M].王剑鹰,译.桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2018.
[12][美]韦恩·厄本,杰宁斯·瓦格纳著.美国教育:一部历史档案[M].周晟,谢爱磊,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2009.
[13]Cressy,D.Literacy and the Social Order:Reading and Writing in Tudor and Stuart England[M].Cambridge University Press,1980.
[14]The laws and liberties of Massachusetts[M].Harvard University Press,1929.
[15]Bremer,J.Puritanism:a very short introduction[M].Oxford University Press,2009.
[16]Harman,D.Keeping up in America[J].The Wilson Quarterly(1976-),1986,10(2):116-131.
[17]Frederick,S.Emanuel Downing[M].Forest City Printing Company,1959.
[18]圣经·箴言(和合本)[EB/OL].http://www.divese hible onlive.com/book/proverbs/12,12:24.
[19]郭先红.资本主义社会的产生与异化---论韦伯与马克思思想的异同[J].安徽行政学院学报,2018(02):24-28.
[20]Morgan,E.S.The Puritan Family[M].Martino Publishing Mansfield Centre,2014.
[21]Beier,L.The Problem of the Poor in Tudor and Early Stuart England[M]//The problem of the poor in Tudor and early Stuart England.Methuen,1983.
[22]Slack,P.The English Poor Law 1531-1782[M].Cambridge University Press,1995.
[23]Waters,J.Family,inheritance,and migration in colonial New England:The evidence from Guilford,Connecticut[J].The William and Mary Quarterly:A Magazine of Early American History and Culture,1982:64-86.
[24]李剑鸣.美囯的奠基时代:1585-1775[M].北京:人民出版社,2001.
[25][美]伯纳德·贝林著.教育与美国社会的形成[M].王晟,章欢,译.合肥:安徽教育出版社,2013.
[26]Calhoun,W.A social history of the American family from colonial times to the present[M].Arthur H.Clark Company,1919.
[27]Ladd,T.Regulating Student Behavior Without Ending Up in Court[J].The Phi Delta Kappan,1973,54(5):304-309.
[28]Cohen,S.Education in the United States-A Documentary History,Volume I[M].New York:Random House,1974.
[29][美]肯尼斯·霍珀,威廉·霍博著.清教徒的礼物[M].丁丹,译.北京:东方出版社,2016.
[30]Records W.Comprising the First and Second Books of Town Proceedings...and the First Book and Supplement of Births Deaths Marriages,Prepared for publication by the Historical Society,Watertown,Mass[J].Press of Fred G.Barker,1894.
[31]Seybolt R F.Apprenticeship&Apprenticeship Education in Colonial New England&New York[M].Teachers college,Columbia university,1917.
[32]Walter J.Apprenticeship Education and Family Structure in Seventeenth Century Massachusetts Bay[D].MA thesis,Bryn Mawr,1971,33-34,42-43,1971.
[33][美]劳伦斯·克雷明著.美国教育史[M].周玉军,苑龙,陈少英,译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002.
[34]Monaghan E J.Literacy instruction and gender in colonial New England[J].American Quarterly,1988,40(1):18-41.
(1)笔者以“1642年教育法”、“1642年马萨诸塞州法令”等关键词在中国知网(www.cnki.net)、维普(http://lib.cqvip.com)、读秀(www.duxiu.com)上进行检索,没有发现相关研究成果。
(2)有资料显示加入教会必须满足三种条件:遵守加尔文派教义、过属灵生活并能够证明自己有转化信仰的经验。参见:费舍尔.阿尔比恩的种子[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2018:31.
(3)有关马萨诸塞各地区教会早期教义,参考:Walker W.ed.The Creeds and Platforms of Congergationalism[M].Charles Scribner’s Sons,1893:93-122,123-131.
(4)有关法律命名参见Altenbaugh,Richard J.Historical dictionary of American Education[M].Greenwood Press,1999:499.
(5)值得注意的是,由于三者在原文中皆为复数形式,依照殖民地时代的家庭结构判断,这里的parents并非指家庭中的父母双方,而是指一个家庭中的男性家长。
(6)有关评价参见https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Jennifer_Monaghan。