风险传播视阈下无人机新闻的感官想象与数字实践
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摘要
在高风险的时代大观中,无人机航拍系统融合人工智能、大数据、遥感影像处理等程序,正在新闻传播领域勾勒出一个"无人机新闻"的新景观,为管控突发性公共灾难风险事件提供了新面向的决策机制。在"上帝之眼"的观视视阈下,无人机新闻的信息采集能够在"灾难监狱"外实现对灾难现场的"全景观视",从而开启了人类有限神经系统的感官想象。在数字化的采编实践中,无人机新闻以海量的时空数据信息为叙事素材,以多模态的影像处理程序为技术先决,以文字和图像信息为意义的符号显现,在机械装置的视觉怡情中完成对风险信息的传播与建构。综而观之,无人机新闻的制空优势包蕴了其"超越性"特质,具体体现在其对传统观视形式的颠覆、对传统新闻模式的弥合、对传统数据空间的重置。然而,置身于由技术革新与融合带来的狂欢浪潮与欣喜盛宴之余,技术时代的人却愈来愈沉溺于异化、遮蔽、假象与迷失的困境当中,重新审视人类生存世界的技术命题依然是不容忽视的相面。
In the era of high risk,the UAV aerial photography system which integrates artificial intelligence,big data,remote sensing image processing and other programs,is outlining a new landscape of "drone journalism" in the field of news communication,providing a new decision-making solution for managing and controlling the risk events of sudden public disaster. Under the visual perspective of the " eye of God",the information gathering of drone journalism can realize the " panoramic view" of the disaster scene outside the " disaster prison",thus opening up the sensory imagination of human limited nervous system. In the practice of digital editing,the drone journalism takes massive spatial-temporal data information as narrative materials,multimodal image processing program as technical premises,text and image information as symbolic representations of the meaning,and finally accomplishes the communication and construction of risk information in the visual delight of mechanical devices. Overall,the air superiority of drone journalism embodies its characteristic of " transcendence",which is embodied in its subversion of traditional viewing logic,the remedy of traditional news modes,and the resetting of traditional data space. However,in spite of the carnival wave and the joy brought by technological innovation and integration,people in the technological era are increasingly getting into the trouble of alienation,concealment,illusion and loss,and the technical proposition of re-examining of the human existing world still cannot be ignored.
In the era of high risk,the UAV aerial photography system which integrates artificial intelligence,big data,remote sensing image processing and other programs,is outlining a new landscape of "drone journalism" in the field of news communication,providing a new decision-making solution for managing and controlling the risk events of sudden public disaster. Under the visual perspective of the " eye of God",the information gathering of drone journalism can realize the " panoramic view" of the disaster scene outside the " disaster prison",thus opening up the sensory imagination of human limited nervous system. In the practice of digital editing,the drone journalism takes massive spatial-temporal data information as narrative materials,multimodal image processing program as technical premises,text and image information as symbolic representations of the meaning,and finally accomplishes the communication and construction of risk information in the visual delight of mechanical devices. Overall,the air superiority of drone journalism embodies its characteristic of " transcendence",which is embodied in its subversion of traditional viewing logic,the remedy of traditional news modes,and the resetting of traditional data space. However,in spite of the carnival wave and the joy brought by technological innovation and integration,people in the technological era are increasingly getting into the trouble of alienation,concealment,illusion and loss,and the technical proposition of re-examining of the human existing world still cannot be ignored.
引文
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[16]龙鸿祥.无人机新闻的特点与面临的困境.青年记者,2015,13:83-84.
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[22]陈楠枰,崔丽媛.移动的智慧大脑产业步入“互联网+”时代.交通建设与管理,2015,15:22-27.
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[24]刘子曦.故事与讲故事:叙事社会学何以可能---兼谈如何讲述中国故事.社会学研究,2018,33:164-188+245.
[25]尹瑛.风险的呈现及其隐匿---从“太湖水污染”报道看环境风险的媒体建构.国际新闻界,2010,32:50-55.
[26]丛铭.基于视觉感知原理的高分辨率遥感影像分割与人工目标提取研究.武汉:武汉大学博士学位论文,2015.[2018-09-20]http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.as1.px?dbcode=CDFD&dbname=CDFD-LAST2017&filename=1016018248.
[27]谢盛兰,曹飞凤.无人机技术在新闻摄影中的应用.视听纵横,2017,1:60-61.
[28]申增辉.无人机航拍技术现状及发展趋势研究.中外企业家,2017,19:188.
[29]周敏.阐释·流动·想象:风险社会下的信息流动与传播管理.北京:北京大学出版社,2014:70.
[30]朱沁卉.大数据技术的伦理问题探究.科技风,2018,24:78+80.
[31]黄懿慧.风险社会与危机传播.传播与社会学刊,2011,15:27-32.
[32]Barbie Zelizer.On“Having Been There”:“Eyewitnessing”as a Journalistic Key Word.Critical Studies in Media Communication,2007,24(5):408-428.
[33]C.John,Jarvis.The Ethical Debate Of Drone Journalism:Flying Into The Future Of Reporting.B.S.,Texas A&M University,1994.[2018-10-14]https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/60569027.pdf.
[34]A.E.Holton,S.Lawson,C.Love.Unmanned Aerial Vehicles:Opportunities,Barriers,and the Future of“Drone Journalism”.Journalism Practice,2015,5(9):634-650.
[35]汉娜·阿伦特.人的境况.王寅丽译.上海:上海人民出版社,2009:20;32.
[36]Kathleen Bartzen Culver.From Battlefield to Newsroom:Ethical Implications of Drone Technology in Journalism.Media Ethics,2014,29(1):52-64.
[37]M.Tremayne,A.Clark.New Perspectives from the Sky:Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Journalism.Digital Journalism,2014,2(2):232-246.
[2]周会峰.无人机航拍之“上帝视角”.视听界,2014,6:121-122.
[3]刘蒙之,刘战伟.“上帝之眼”看中国:纪录片《航拍中国》的生产创新与价值内涵.现代传播(中国传媒大学学报),2017,39:112-114.
[4]潘文忠.无人机航拍在电视新闻报道中应用初探.视听纵横,2017,02:61-63.
[5]李少文,邱贻馨.无人机航拍,打开媒体生产新空间---来自看看湖北网的思考.中国记者,2014,10:68-69.
[6]周海晏.时空大数据:数字化城市的“假体观视”---无人机航拍技术对城市时空关系的重构.福建论坛(人文社会科学版),2017,12:174-177.
[7]R.Bartlett.Drone Journalism-the Opportunities,Risks and Challenges.Journalism,2013,7(20):23-25.
[8]高亚春.数据库:信息方式下的“超级全景监狱”---一种新的主体之自我构建方式.自然辩证法研究,2008,1:81-84.
[9]米尔佐夫.尼古拉斯.如何观看世界.上海:上海文艺出版社,2017:46.
[10]杨石华.跨文化对话间性空间的建构与完善.传播与社会学刊,2017,41:217-250.
[11]S.C.Lewis,N.Usher.Open Source and Journalism:Toward New Frameworks for Imagining News Innovation.Media,Culture&Society,2013,35(5):602-619.
[12]张佳莹.感官的延伸与现场的回归---新闻摄影中的无人机应用.新闻论坛,2017,3:12-15.
[13]王建华.天空之眼,摄影升维---新华社“天空之眼”无人机队新闻摄影实践与思考.中国记者,2017,1:14-16.
[14]周海晏.“通航革命”:无人机媒介对城市传播网络的数字化建构.华东理工大学学报(社会科学版),2017,32:101-105.
[15]夏莹.新媒体时代,灾难性电视新闻报道的变化.商,2015,26:193+188.
[16]龙鸿祥.无人机新闻的特点与面临的困境.青年记者,2015,13:83-84.
[17]邵发军.习近平“人类命运共同体”思想及其当代价值研究.社会主义研究,2017,4:1-8.
[18]郭小平.风险社会的媒体传播研究:社会建构论的视角.北京:学习出版社,2013:42.
[19]吴小坤.数据新闻:理论承递、概念适用与界定维度.新闻与传播研究,2017,24:120-126.
[20]Caumont,Andrea.12 Trends Shaping Digital News.Fact Tank:News in the Numbers,2013,20(7):70-81.
[21]郭小平.环境传播:话语变迁、风险议题建构与路径选择.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2013:67.
[22]陈楠枰,崔丽媛.移动的智慧大脑产业步入“互联网+”时代.交通建设与管理,2015,15:22-27.
[23]D.Sperber,D.Wilson.Relevance:Communication and Cognition.Oxford:Oxford Blackwell Press,1995:50.
[24]刘子曦.故事与讲故事:叙事社会学何以可能---兼谈如何讲述中国故事.社会学研究,2018,33:164-188+245.
[25]尹瑛.风险的呈现及其隐匿---从“太湖水污染”报道看环境风险的媒体建构.国际新闻界,2010,32:50-55.
[26]丛铭.基于视觉感知原理的高分辨率遥感影像分割与人工目标提取研究.武汉:武汉大学博士学位论文,2015.[2018-09-20]http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.as1.px?dbcode=CDFD&dbname=CDFD-LAST2017&filename=1016018248.
[27]谢盛兰,曹飞凤.无人机技术在新闻摄影中的应用.视听纵横,2017,1:60-61.
[28]申增辉.无人机航拍技术现状及发展趋势研究.中外企业家,2017,19:188.
[29]周敏.阐释·流动·想象:风险社会下的信息流动与传播管理.北京:北京大学出版社,2014:70.
[30]朱沁卉.大数据技术的伦理问题探究.科技风,2018,24:78+80.
[31]黄懿慧.风险社会与危机传播.传播与社会学刊,2011,15:27-32.
[32]Barbie Zelizer.On“Having Been There”:“Eyewitnessing”as a Journalistic Key Word.Critical Studies in Media Communication,2007,24(5):408-428.
[33]C.John,Jarvis.The Ethical Debate Of Drone Journalism:Flying Into The Future Of Reporting.B.S.,Texas A&M University,1994.[2018-10-14]https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/60569027.pdf.
[34]A.E.Holton,S.Lawson,C.Love.Unmanned Aerial Vehicles:Opportunities,Barriers,and the Future of“Drone Journalism”.Journalism Practice,2015,5(9):634-650.
[35]汉娜·阿伦特.人的境况.王寅丽译.上海:上海人民出版社,2009:20;32.
[36]Kathleen Bartzen Culver.From Battlefield to Newsroom:Ethical Implications of Drone Technology in Journalism.Media Ethics,2014,29(1):52-64.
[37]M.Tremayne,A.Clark.New Perspectives from the Sky:Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Journalism.Digital Journalism,2014,2(2):232-246.