农村宅基地退出试点改革:模式、困境与对策
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摘要
2015年我国开展农村土地征收、集体经营性建设用地入市和宅基地制度三项改革试点以来,33个试点县(市、区)在宅基地退出方面进行了积极探索,形成了"平罗经验""余江样板"与"义乌智慧"三种代表性模式。宅基地退出试点改革在取得重大进展的同时,也遭遇了一些困境,如补偿资金缺口较大、长效机制尚未建立以及农民退地积极性不高等。完善"三权分置"框架下宅基地退出机制应是今后试点改革的重要任务。只有健全农民社会保障等配套体系,才能为宅基地退出营造良好的宏观环境。
Since three pilot reforms of rural land acquisition and collective profit-oriented construction land entering the trading market and homestead system in 2015,33 pilot counties( cities,districts) have actively explored the homestead withdrawal,with Pingluo,Yujiang and Yiwu as three typical examples.While the reform of rural homestead withdrawal has made significant progress,it has also encountered some difficulties,such as a large gap in compensation funds,the lack of a long-term mechanism and insufficient enthusiasm of farmers withdrawing homestead. Improving the mechanism of homestead withdrawal under the framework of separating rural land ownership rights,contract rights,and management rights should be an important task for the future pilot reform. Only by perfecting the supporting system of farmers' social security can we create a good macro environment for homestead withdrawal.
Since three pilot reforms of rural land acquisition and collective profit-oriented construction land entering the trading market and homestead system in 2015,33 pilot counties( cities,districts) have actively explored the homestead withdrawal,with Pingluo,Yujiang and Yiwu as three typical examples.While the reform of rural homestead withdrawal has made significant progress,it has also encountered some difficulties,such as a large gap in compensation funds,the lack of a long-term mechanism and insufficient enthusiasm of farmers withdrawing homestead. Improving the mechanism of homestead withdrawal under the framework of separating rural land ownership rights,contract rights,and management rights should be an important task for the future pilot reform. Only by perfecting the supporting system of farmers' social security can we create a good macro environment for homestead withdrawal.
引文
[1]张恒.“三块地”改革试点延期,未来一年怎么走[N].经济观察报,2017-11-25(01).
[2]张柱.做实做响农村改革的“平罗经验”[N].宁夏日报,2015-04-01(14).
[3]卢曦.宁夏平罗的农村土地制度改革实践[J].中国土地,2019,(3).
[4]刘同山,赵海,闫辉.农村土地退出:宁夏平罗试验区的经验与启示[J].宁夏社会科学,2016,(1).
[5]祝学庆,钟海华.打造“一改促六化”余江样板[N].江西日报,2016-04-22(A01).
[6]龙回仁.姜大明在江西督察农村土地制度改革三项试点工作[N].中国国土资源报,2017-06-30(01).
[7]李风,冯建民,余丽.“1+7+9”制度体系探索农村宅基地未来的“义乌智慧”[N].浙江日报,2017-08-30(02).
[8]曹晓蓉.勇立潮头走前列义乌三项土地制度改革齐头并进[N].义乌商报,2017-06-29(01).
[9]国务院.国务院关于农村土地征收、集体经营性建设用地入市、宅基地制度改革试点情况的总结报告[R].北京:第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会,2018-12-23.
[10]宋兴国.土改进阶:33个试验田再出发[N]. 21世纪经济报道,2017-09-14(01).
[11]亢德芝,黄月恒,李皓晟.“三权分置”背景下的宅基地利用模式探索[J].中国土地,2019,(3).
(1)数据来源于《平罗县2018年度农村改革工作报告》,见平罗县农村综合改革服务中心编印的内部材料《平罗农村改革》2019年第1期。
[2]张柱.做实做响农村改革的“平罗经验”[N].宁夏日报,2015-04-01(14).
[3]卢曦.宁夏平罗的农村土地制度改革实践[J].中国土地,2019,(3).
[4]刘同山,赵海,闫辉.农村土地退出:宁夏平罗试验区的经验与启示[J].宁夏社会科学,2016,(1).
[5]祝学庆,钟海华.打造“一改促六化”余江样板[N].江西日报,2016-04-22(A01).
[6]龙回仁.姜大明在江西督察农村土地制度改革三项试点工作[N].中国国土资源报,2017-06-30(01).
[7]李风,冯建民,余丽.“1+7+9”制度体系探索农村宅基地未来的“义乌智慧”[N].浙江日报,2017-08-30(02).
[8]曹晓蓉.勇立潮头走前列义乌三项土地制度改革齐头并进[N].义乌商报,2017-06-29(01).
[9]国务院.国务院关于农村土地征收、集体经营性建设用地入市、宅基地制度改革试点情况的总结报告[R].北京:第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会,2018-12-23.
[10]宋兴国.土改进阶:33个试验田再出发[N]. 21世纪经济报道,2017-09-14(01).
[11]亢德芝,黄月恒,李皓晟.“三权分置”背景下的宅基地利用模式探索[J].中国土地,2019,(3).
(1)数据来源于《平罗县2018年度农村改革工作报告》,见平罗县农村综合改革服务中心编印的内部材料《平罗农村改革》2019年第1期。