印度《司法规范与责任法案》述评及对我国的启示
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摘要
2010年印度《司法规范与责任法案(草案)》是各国司法改革浪潮中具有里程碑意义的代表性立法。法案对法官行为实体规范、法官调查的程序规范、调查程序的保障机制和法官财产公示制度有详尽的规定,具有统一性、分权性和专业性的特征。在获得好评的同时,司法独立和司法责任之间的固有矛盾、透明性和程序公正问题日益凸显。这让我们清楚认识到:我国特有的司法独立是构建司法责任制的重要前提;完善法官问责程序是落实司法责任制的关键问题;加强法官权利保障是完善司法责任制的前提条件。
2010 Indian Judicial Standards and Accountability Billis is the milestone of legislation on judicial accountability in the tide of judicial revolution. The Bill has elaborated judicial conducts,inquiry procedure of judges,other procedures relating to inquiry,and declaration of assets and liability by Judges. The Bill is characterized by uniformity,separation of powers and specialization. Good comments come to the Bill as well as the conflicts between judicial independence and judicial accountability,and problems on transparency and fairness of procedure. The enlightenment for Chinese judicial accountability such as the particular judicial independence is the vital precondition of judicial accountability,the improvement of judges' accountability is the key issue of judicial accountability,and the enhancement of judges' rights protection is the condition of judicial accountability.
2010 Indian Judicial Standards and Accountability Billis is the milestone of legislation on judicial accountability in the tide of judicial revolution. The Bill has elaborated judicial conducts,inquiry procedure of judges,other procedures relating to inquiry,and declaration of assets and liability by Judges. The Bill is characterized by uniformity,separation of powers and specialization. Good comments come to the Bill as well as the conflicts between judicial independence and judicial accountability,and problems on transparency and fairness of procedure. The enlightenment for Chinese judicial accountability such as the particular judicial independence is the vital precondition of judicial accountability,the improvement of judges' accountability is the key issue of judicial accountability,and the enhancement of judges' rights protection is the condition of judicial accountability.
引文
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[3]Vandana Ajay Kumar,Judicial Delays in India:Cause&Remedies[J],Journal of Law,Policy and Globalization,2012,Vol.4:16-21.
[4]Prashant Bhushan,The Lack of Judicial Accountability in India[Z],Talk delivered at Princeton University at the Department of South Asian Studies,2009.
[5]James Andrew Wynn,Judging the Judges[J],Marquette Law Review,2003,Vol.86,Issue 4.
[6]Dr.Bhre Lal,Judicial Activism&Accountability[M],India:Siddharth Publications,2004:27-151.
[7]A Saxena,Judicial accountability bill-Need and consequences[EB/OL].(2014-03-01)[2018-07-07].http://indianbarassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Judicial-Accountability-Bill-Need-and-Consequences.pdf.
[8]Pankhuri Agrawal,Judicial Independence and Accountbility:In View of the Case of J.Soumitra Sen[EB/OL].[2018-07-07].http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1965200.
[9]姚莉,杨帆.法官自治、自律与司法公正[J].法学评论,1999,(4).
[10]Discuss,Debate and Deliberate Summary of Discussio in Academic Block-I“The Judicial Standards and Accountability Bill,2010:Need,Significance and Drawbacks”[EB/OL].(2013-09-04)[2018-07-07].https://www.nliu.ac.in/manthan/firsttrim/nliu_manthan-6_the_judicial_standards.pdf.
[11]陈光中.比较法视野下中国特色司法独立原则[J].比较法研究,2013,(2).
[12]PRS India.Final Brief for printing-Judicial Standards and Accountability Bill 2010[EB/OL].(2015-09-09)[2018-07-07].http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/Judicial%20Standard/Final%20Brief%20for%20printing%20-%20Judicial%20Standards%20and%20Accountability%20Bill%202010.pdf.
[13]Isha Tirkey,Judicial Accountability in India[Z],CCS Working Paper,No.247,2011.
[14]Discuss,Debate and Deliberate Summary of Discussion Academic Block-I“The Judicial Standards and Accountability Bill,2010:Need,Significance and Drawbacks”[EB/OL].(2013-09-04)[2018-07-07].https://www.nliu.ac.in/manthan/firsttrim/nliu_manthan-6_the_judicial_standards.pdf.
[15]Pankhuri Agrawal,Judicial Independence and Accountability in the View of the Case in J.Soumitra Sen[EB/OL].[2018-07-07].http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1965200.
[16]卫建萍.上海法官检察官遴选(惩戒)委员会成立[N/OL].人民法院报,(2014-12-14)[2018-07-07].https://www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2014/12/id/1506380.shtml.
[17]陈卫东.司法机关依法独立行使职权研究[J].中国法学,2014,(2).
[18]陈瑞华.法官责任的三种模式[J].法学研究,2015,(4).
[19]傅郁林.司法责任制的重心是职责界分[J].中国法律评论,2015,(4).
[20]王迎龙.构建司法化的法官责任追究程序[J].政法论坛,2016,34(5):39.
[2]CJI A.S.Anand:Indian Judiciary and Challenges of 21st century[J],The Indian Journal of PublicA dministration,1999,Vol.XIV,No.3:300.
[3]Vandana Ajay Kumar,Judicial Delays in India:Cause&Remedies[J],Journal of Law,Policy and Globalization,2012,Vol.4:16-21.
[4]Prashant Bhushan,The Lack of Judicial Accountability in India[Z],Talk delivered at Princeton University at the Department of South Asian Studies,2009.
[5]James Andrew Wynn,Judging the Judges[J],Marquette Law Review,2003,Vol.86,Issue 4.
[6]Dr.Bhre Lal,Judicial Activism&Accountability[M],India:Siddharth Publications,2004:27-151.
[7]A Saxena,Judicial accountability bill-Need and consequences[EB/OL].(2014-03-01)[2018-07-07].http://indianbarassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Judicial-Accountability-Bill-Need-and-Consequences.pdf.
[8]Pankhuri Agrawal,Judicial Independence and Accountbility:In View of the Case of J.Soumitra Sen[EB/OL].[2018-07-07].http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1965200.
[9]姚莉,杨帆.法官自治、自律与司法公正[J].法学评论,1999,(4).
[10]Discuss,Debate and Deliberate Summary of Discussio in Academic Block-I“The Judicial Standards and Accountability Bill,2010:Need,Significance and Drawbacks”[EB/OL].(2013-09-04)[2018-07-07].https://www.nliu.ac.in/manthan/firsttrim/nliu_manthan-6_the_judicial_standards.pdf.
[11]陈光中.比较法视野下中国特色司法独立原则[J].比较法研究,2013,(2).
[12]PRS India.Final Brief for printing-Judicial Standards and Accountability Bill 2010[EB/OL].(2015-09-09)[2018-07-07].http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/Judicial%20Standard/Final%20Brief%20for%20printing%20-%20Judicial%20Standards%20and%20Accountability%20Bill%202010.pdf.
[13]Isha Tirkey,Judicial Accountability in India[Z],CCS Working Paper,No.247,2011.
[14]Discuss,Debate and Deliberate Summary of Discussion Academic Block-I“The Judicial Standards and Accountability Bill,2010:Need,Significance and Drawbacks”[EB/OL].(2013-09-04)[2018-07-07].https://www.nliu.ac.in/manthan/firsttrim/nliu_manthan-6_the_judicial_standards.pdf.
[15]Pankhuri Agrawal,Judicial Independence and Accountability in the View of the Case in J.Soumitra Sen[EB/OL].[2018-07-07].http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1965200.
[16]卫建萍.上海法官检察官遴选(惩戒)委员会成立[N/OL].人民法院报,(2014-12-14)[2018-07-07].https://www.chinacourt.org/article/detail/2014/12/id/1506380.shtml.
[17]陈卫东.司法机关依法独立行使职权研究[J].中国法学,2014,(2).
[18]陈瑞华.法官责任的三种模式[J].法学研究,2015,(4).
[19]傅郁林.司法责任制的重心是职责界分[J].中国法律评论,2015,(4).
[20]王迎龙.构建司法化的法官责任追究程序[J].政法论坛,2016,34(5):39.