栽培模式对寒地水稻产量和营养品质的影响
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摘要
以龙粳46和龙庆稻3号为试验材料,设置不施氮空白栽培模式(N0)、当地农民高产栽培模式(FP)、高产高效栽培模式(HYHE)和超高产栽培模式(SHY),探究不同栽培模式对寒地水稻产量及稻米蛋白质组分、蛋白质、氨基酸和矿质元素含量的影响,以期为寒地水稻高产优质栽培提供理论依据。结果表明,龙粳46和龙庆稻3号的产量均以SHY模式最高,分别较HYHE模式显著提高14.24%和30.65%,较FP模式显著提高22.19%和40.21%;与FP模式相比,2个水稻品种在SHY模式下,水稻籽粒清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白、总蛋白质含量分别显著提高20.37%、12.94%、10.74%、28.26%、10.04%和26.79%、12.90%、9.96%、27.45%、8.72%,氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量、非必需氨基酸含量分别显著提高5.30%、4.95%、5.48%和7.52%、12.38%、4.87%,而HYHE模式对其影响不显著;栽培模式对水稻籽粒矿质元素含量的影响程度因品种和矿质元素种类而异,SHY模式对龙粳46 Zn、Na、Ca、Cu含量的影响较大,分别较FP模式显著提高46.77%、48.56%、69.35%、56.15%,而对龙庆稻3号Mg、K含量影响较大,分别较FP模式显著提高63.18%、46.16%;球蛋白、谷蛋白含量分别与Mn含量呈极显著、显著正相关,醇溶蛋白含量与Mg含量呈显著负相关。综上,超高产栽培模式可以在保证寒地水稻高产的基础上,有效改善稻米的营养品质,高产高效栽培模式次之。
Taking Longjing 46 and Longqingdao No.3 as experimental materials,the local high-yield cultivation(FP),high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation(HYHE) and super-high-yield cultivation(SHY) modes were set up to explore the effects of different cultivation modes on rice yield,protein components,amino acids and mineral elements contents in cold region with the blank cultivation mode without nitrogen,so as to provide theoretical basis for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of rice in cold region.The results showed that the yields of Longjing 46 and Longqingdao No.3 were the highest under SHY mode,which were 14.24% and 30.65% higher than those of HYHE mode,22.19% and 40.21% higher than those of FP mode,respectively.Compared with FP mode,the contents of albumin,globulin,glutenin,gliadin,total protein in rice grains of Longjing 46 and Longqingdao No.3 significantly increased by 20.37%,12.94%,10.74%,28.26%,10.04% and 26.79%,12.90%,9.96%,27.45%,8.72% respectively under SHY mode,and the contents of total,essential,non-essential amino acids significantly increased by 5.30%,4.95%,5.48% and 7.52%,12.38%,4.87% respectively,but the effect of HYHE mode was not significant.The influence degree of cultivation mode on mineral element content of rice grain varied with varieties and mineral elements.SHY mode had a greater impact on Zn,Na,Ca and Cu contents of Longjing 46,which were 46.77%,48.56%,69.35% and 56.15% higher than those of FP mode respectively;SHY mode had a greater impact on Mg and K contents of Longqingdao No.3,which were 63.18% and 46.16% higher than those of FP mode respectively.The contents of globulin and glutenin were significantly positively correlated with Mn content,while the content of gliadin was significantly negatively correlated with Mg content.In conclusion,the super-high yield cultivation mode could effectively improve the nutritional quality of rice on the basis of ensuring high yield of rice in cold region,followed by high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation mode.
Taking Longjing 46 and Longqingdao No.3 as experimental materials,the local high-yield cultivation(FP),high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation(HYHE) and super-high-yield cultivation(SHY) modes were set up to explore the effects of different cultivation modes on rice yield,protein components,amino acids and mineral elements contents in cold region with the blank cultivation mode without nitrogen,so as to provide theoretical basis for high-yield and high-quality cultivation of rice in cold region.The results showed that the yields of Longjing 46 and Longqingdao No.3 were the highest under SHY mode,which were 14.24% and 30.65% higher than those of HYHE mode,22.19% and 40.21% higher than those of FP mode,respectively.Compared with FP mode,the contents of albumin,globulin,glutenin,gliadin,total protein in rice grains of Longjing 46 and Longqingdao No.3 significantly increased by 20.37%,12.94%,10.74%,28.26%,10.04% and 26.79%,12.90%,9.96%,27.45%,8.72% respectively under SHY mode,and the contents of total,essential,non-essential amino acids significantly increased by 5.30%,4.95%,5.48% and 7.52%,12.38%,4.87% respectively,but the effect of HYHE mode was not significant.The influence degree of cultivation mode on mineral element content of rice grain varied with varieties and mineral elements.SHY mode had a greater impact on Zn,Na,Ca and Cu contents of Longjing 46,which were 46.77%,48.56%,69.35% and 56.15% higher than those of FP mode respectively;SHY mode had a greater impact on Mg and K contents of Longqingdao No.3,which were 63.18% and 46.16% higher than those of FP mode respectively.The contents of globulin and glutenin were significantly positively correlated with Mn content,while the content of gliadin was significantly negatively correlated with Mg content.In conclusion,the super-high yield cultivation mode could effectively improve the nutritional quality of rice on the basis of ensuring high yield of rice in cold region,followed by high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation mode.
引文
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[19] 徐俊.纳米硅肥对水稻抗早衰和增产作用研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.
[20] 吴文革,周永进,张健美,等.杂交中籼稻钵苗机插群体特征及产量形成优势分析[J].核农学报,2016,30(7):1427-1434.
[21] 伍峰.水稻宽窄行栽培技术推广研究[J].园艺与种苗,2015(4):11-13.
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[23] 商全玉,张文忠,韩亚东,等.硅肥对北方粳稻产量和品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(6):661-664.
[24] 邢志鹏,朱明,吴培,等.稻麦两熟制条件下钵苗机插方式对不同类型水稻品种米质的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(4):581-595.
[25] CHANG E H,ZHANG S F,WANG Z Q,et al.Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the amino acids in root exudates and grains of rice during grain filling[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(4):612-618.
[26] 文建成,张忠林,汤利,等.杂草稻和粳稻品系稻米铁锌矿质元素含量差异分析[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2010,31(1):55-59.
[27] CHANDEL G,BANERJEE S,SEE S,et al.Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels and native soil properties on rice grain Fe,Zn and protein contents[J].Rice Science,2010,17(3):213-227.
[28] 张国良,戴其根,王建武,等.施硅量对粳稻品种武育粳3号产量和品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(3):299-303.
[2] 陈海飞,冯洋,蔡红梅,等.氮肥与移栽密度互作对低产田水稻群体结构及产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1319-1328.
[3] 王在满,罗锡文,陈雄飞,等.水稻机械化穴播技术对稻米品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(16):16-21.
[4] 龚金龙,张洪程,胡雅杰,等.灌浆结实期温度对水稻产量和品质形成的影响[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(2):482-491.
[5] 邢志鹏,曹伟伟,钱海军,等.稻麦两熟地区机插水稻品质形成的播期效应[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(1):1-10.
[6] 贺帆,黄见良,崔克辉,等.实时实地氮肥管理对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(1):123-132.
[7] 周培南,冯惟珠,许乃霞,等.施氮量和移栽密度对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].江苏农业研究,2001,22(1):27-31.
[8] 张其芳,刘奎刚,苏达,等.氮素和水分处理对稻米植酸含量和蛋白组分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):542-550.
[9] 王德鹏.栽培模式、温光条件和土壤肥力对双季稻物质生产和产量形成的影响及其机理研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.
[10] 陈宇眺.栽培模式对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响及生理机制的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2016.
[11] 梁玉刚,张启飞,周晶,等.不同栽培模式对稻米品质及经济效益的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(S):265-269.
[12] 徐大勇,金军,杜永,等.氮磷钾肥运筹对水稻籽粒蛋白质和氨基酸含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(4):506-508.
[13] SARAH B,TERRYJ,PAUL A,et al.Extreme nighttime air temperatures in 2010 impact rice chalkiness and milling quality[J].Field Crops Research,2011,124(1):132-136
[14] 李合生.现代植物生理学[J].3版.生命世界,2012(11):2.
[15] 中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所.食品中氨基酸含量的测定:GB/T 5009.124—2003[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[16] 饶鸣钿.氮、磷、钾、有机肥配施对杂交稻特优73产量形成与氮吸收的影响[J].江西农业学报,2011,23(6):108-110.
[17] 唐国江.水稻应用归复记生物有机肥效果初探[J].农业开发与装备,2016(1):66.
[18] 张国良.硅肥对水稻产量和品质的影响及硅对水稻纹枯病抗性的初步研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2005.
[19] 徐俊.纳米硅肥对水稻抗早衰和增产作用研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2017.
[20] 吴文革,周永进,张健美,等.杂交中籼稻钵苗机插群体特征及产量形成优势分析[J].核农学报,2016,30(7):1427-1434.
[21] 伍峰.水稻宽窄行栽培技术推广研究[J].园艺与种苗,2015(4):11-13.
[22] 石吕.水稻精米蛋白质含量与稻米品质变化的关系[D].扬州:扬州大学,2017.
[23] 商全玉,张文忠,韩亚东,等.硅肥对北方粳稻产量和品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(6):661-664.
[24] 邢志鹏,朱明,吴培,等.稻麦两熟制条件下钵苗机插方式对不同类型水稻品种米质的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(4):581-595.
[25] CHANG E H,ZHANG S F,WANG Z Q,et al.Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on the amino acids in root exudates and grains of rice during grain filling[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(4):612-618.
[26] 文建成,张忠林,汤利,等.杂草稻和粳稻品系稻米铁锌矿质元素含量差异分析[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2010,31(1):55-59.
[27] CHANDEL G,BANERJEE S,SEE S,et al.Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer levels and native soil properties on rice grain Fe,Zn and protein contents[J].Rice Science,2010,17(3):213-227.
[28] 张国良,戴其根,王建武,等.施硅量对粳稻品种武育粳3号产量和品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(3):299-303.